This anthology focuses on writing about literature which is integrated in every chapter.  Each element  (i.e. character, setting, tone) is covered by a sample student essay and commentary on the essay.  33 MLA —Format Demonstrative student essays serve as models for good student writing.  Three NEW chapters on research–one each for fiction, poetry and drama–feature full MLA-style research papers annotated to point out research information specific to each genre.  NEW-MLA document maps:  These visual representations help students locate key information on frequently-cited sources such as books and websites.  NEW "visualizing" sections on fiction, poetry and drama each feature a section devoted to images that represent key literary principles or visual-based media within the genre.  Color insert—This insert features works of art and connects them to various pieces of literature throughout the book.  These images help reinforce the themes found in the literature.  Fifty short illustrative writing examples embody the strategies and methods described in the various chapters and appendices.   

Table of Contents:
  ***** NEW SECTIONS ARE INDICATED WITH "(NEW)" AT THE END OF THE LINE.    Detailed Contents   Topical and Thematic Contents                                                                                                 Preface                                                                                                                                          PART I  The Process of Reading, Responding to, and Writing About Literature   What Is Literature, and Why Do We Study It?           Types of Literature: The Genres Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively Alice Walker  Everyday Use Mrs. Johnson, with her daughter Maggie, is visited by her citified daughter Dee, whose return home is accompanied by surprises. Reading and Responding in a Computer File or Notebook Sample Notebook Entries on Walker’s “Everyday Use”  Major Stages in Thinking and Writing about Literary Topics: Discovering Ideas, Preparing to Write, Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay, and Completing the Essay                                                    Writing Does Not Come Easily–for Anyone The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought       Discovering Ideas (“Brainstorming”)      Study the Characters in the Work         Determine the Work’s Historical Period and Background       Analyze the Work’s Economic and Social Conditions      Explain the Work’s Major Ideas      Describe the Work’s Artistic Qualities      Explain Any Other Approaches That Seem Important Preparing to Write       Build Ideas from Your Original Notes      Trace Patterns of Action and Thought  The Need for the Actual Physical Process of Writing        Raise and Answer Your Own Questions       Put Ideas Together Using a Plus-Minus, Pro-Con, or Either-Or Method  Originate and Develop Your Thoughts Through Writing  Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay    Base Your Essay on a Central Idea, Argument, or Statement  The Need for a Sound Argument in Essays About Literature Create a Thesis Sentence as Your Guide to Organization       Begin Each Paragraph with a Topic Sentence       Select Only One Topic–No More–for Each Paragraph Referring to the Names of Authors  Use Your Topic Sentences as the Arguments for Your Paragraph Development The Use of Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works  Develop an Outline as the Means of Organizing Your Essay  Basic Writing Types: Paragraphs and Essays Paragraph Assignment Illustrative Student Essay (First Draft): Mrs. Johnson’s Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker’s “Everyday Use”  (NEW) Completing the Essay: Developing and Strengthening Your Essay Through Revision       Make Your Own Arrangement of Details and Ideas       Use Literary Material as Evidence to Support Your Argument       Always Keep to Your Point; Stick to It Tenaciously       Check Your Development and Organization       Try to Be Original       Write with Specific Readers as Your Intended Audience       Use Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language  Illustrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): Mrs. Johnson’s Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker’s “Everyday Use”  (NEW)      Commentary on the Essay Essay Commentaries A Summary of Guidelines  Writing Topics About the Writing Process   A Short Guide to the Use of References and Quotations in Essays About Literature                                                                        Integrate Passages and Ideas into Your Essay   Distinguish Your Thoughts from Those of Your Author  Integrate Material by Using Quotation Marks  Blend Quotations into Your Own Sentences  Indent Long Quotations and Set Them in Block Format  Use an Ellipsis to Show Omissions   Use Square Brackets to Enclose Words That You Add Within Quotations  Be Careful Not to Overquote Preserve the Spellings in Your Source   PART II  Reading and Writing About Fiction                                 1   Fiction: An Overview Modern Fiction   The Short Story  Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and Donnée  Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme  Elements of Fiction III: The Writer’s Tools        Visualizing Fiction: Cartoons, Graphic Narratives, Graphic Novels       Dan Piraro, Bizarro   •  Art Spiegelman, from Maus (Expanded) Stories for Study  AMBROSE BIERCE  An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge A condemned man dreams of escape, freedom, and family. SANDRA CISNEROS   ’Mericans  (NEW) Through an evil act, a man learns goodness. WILLIAM FAULKNER  A Rose for Emily Even seemingly ordinary people hide deep and bizarre mysteries. TIM O’BRIEN  The Things They Carried During the Vietnam War, American soldiers carry not only their weighty equipment but many memories. LUIGI PIRANDELLO  War During World War I in Italy, the loss of a loved one outweighs all rationalizations for the conflict. Plot: The Motivation and Causality of Fiction  Writing About the Plot of a Story Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" (NEW) Writing Topics About Plot in Fiction     2   Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Work’s Narrator or Speaker                                                                An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident  Conditions That Affect Point of View  Point of View and Opinions   Determining a Work’s Point of View   Mingling Points of View  Point of View and Verb Tense  Summary: Guidelines for Points of View  Stories for Study  SHERMAN ALEXIE  This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona  (NEW) Two old acquaintances friends embark on a journey to recover the body of one of their fathers.  RAYMOND CARVER  Neighbors Bill and Arlene Miller are looking after the apartment of the Stones, their neighbors, whose life seems to be brighter and fuller than theirs. SHIRLEY JACKSON  The Lottery What would it be like if the prize at a community-sponsored lottery were not the cash that people ordinarily hope to win? JAMAICAKINCAID  What I Have Been Doing Lately Life develops from the repetition and recirculation of dreams and fantasies. LORRIE MOORE  How to Become a Writer There is more to becoming a writer than simply sitting down at a table and beginning to write. Writing About Point of View  Illustrative Student Essay: Shirley Jackson’s Dramatic Point of View in “The Lottery” Writing Topics About Point of View    3 Characters: The People in Fiction                   Character Traits   How Authors Disclose Character in Literature   Types of Characters: Round and Flat   Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude   Stories for Study  T. C. BOYLE  Greasy Lake   (NEW) Young men discover more than a way to kill time at this local hangout.    RAYMOND CARVER  Cathedral A husband and wife receive a blind visitor who affects the man’s way of seeing things. SUSAN GLASPELL  A Jury of Her Peers In a small farmhouse kitchen, the wives of men investigating a murder discover significant evidence that forces them to make an urgent decision. KATHERINE MANSFIELD  Miss Brill Miss Brill goes to the park for a pleasant afternoon, but she does not find what she was expecting. GUY DE MAUPASSANT  The Necklace To go to a ball, Mathilde Loisel borrows a necklace from a rich friend, but her rhapsodic evening has unforeseen consequences. AMY TAN  Two Kinds Jing-Mei leads her own kind of life despite the wishes and hopes of her mother. MARK TWAIN  Luck A faithful follower describes an English general who was knighted for military brilliance. Writing About Character  Illustrative Student Essay: The Character of Minnie Wright in Glaspell’s “A Jury of Her Peers”  Writing Topics About Character    4   Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Stories                                                                                  What Is Setting?  The Literary Uses of Setting Stories for Study  STEPHEN CRANE  The Blue Hotel (NEW) JAMES JOYCE  Araby An introspective boy learns much about himself when he tries to keep a promise. LU HSUN     My Old Home  (NEW) A man revisits his childhood home.  YUKIO MISHIMA        Swaddling Clothes (NEW) A young woman confronts the realities of life in the lower classes in turn of the century Japan.  CYNTHIA OZICK  The Shawl Can a mother in a Nazi concentration camp save her starving and crying baby? Writing About Setting Illustrative Student Essay: The Interaction of Story and Setting in James Joyce’s “Araby” (NEW) Writing Topics About Setting    5   Structure: The Organization of Stories         Formal Categories of Structure   Formal and Actual Structure   STORIES FOR STUDY   RALPH ELLISON  Battle Royal An intelligent black student, filled with hopes and dreams, is treated with monstrous indignity. HA JIN  Saboteur (NEW) Wrongfully detained, a man has revenge as a meal to celebrate his escape.  JHUMPA LAHIRI         The Interpreter of Maladies  (NEW) A tour guide learns about a troubled American family on a visit to ruins.  JOYCE CAROL OATES  Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? A teenage girl is visited by an aggressive stranger who does not accept “no” for an answer. EUDORA WELTY  A Worn Path Phoenix Jackson, a devoted grandmother, walks a worn path on a mission of great love. TOM WHITECLOUD  Blue Winds Dancing A Native American student leaves college in California to spend Christmas in his hometown in Wisconsin. Writing About Structure in a Story  Illustrative Student Essay:The Structure of Eudora Welty’s ”A Worn Path”  Writing Topics About Structure    6   Tone and Style: The Words That Convey Attitudes in Fiction      Diction: The Writer’s Choice and Control of Words  Tone, Irony, and Style  Tone, Humor, and Style Stories For Study  KATE CHOPIN  The Story of an Hour Louise Mallard is shocked and grieved by news that her husband has been killed, but she is about to have an even greater shock. WILLIAM FAULKNER  Barn Burning A young country boy grows in awareness, conscience, and individuality despite his hostile father. ERNEST HEMINGWAY  Hills Like White Elephants While waiting for a train, a man and woman reluctantly discuss an urgent situation. ALICE MUNRO  The Found Boat After winter snows have melted in a small Canadian community, young people start making discoveries about themselves. FRANK O’CONNOR  First Confession Jackie as a young man tells about his first childhood experience with confession. DANIEL OROZCOOrientation A new employee is introduced to the rather unusual and surprising situations in the office. JOHN UPDIKE  A & P As a checkout clerk at the A & P near the local beaches, Sammy learns about the consequences of a difficult choice. Writing About Tone and Style  Illustrative Student Essay: Frank O’Connor’s Control of Tone and Style in “First Confession" Writing Topics About Tone and Style   7   Symbolism and Allegory: Keys to Extended Meaning Symbolism Allegory Fable, Parable, and Myth Allusion in Symbolism and Allegory  Stories For Study  AESOPThe Fox and the Grapes What do people think about things that they can’t have? ANONYMOUS  The Myth of Atalanta In ancient times, how could a superior woman maintain power and integrity? NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE  Young Goodman Brown In colonial Salem, Goodman Brown has a bewildering encounter that changes his outlook on life. FRANZ KAFKA  A Hunger Artist Public interest wanes even in a unique person. LUKE  The Parable of the Prodigal Son Is there any limit to what a person can do to make divine forgiveness impossible? GABRIEL GARCÍA MARQUEZ  A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings How do simple villagers respond to a miraculous visitor who appears in their town? KATHERINE ANNE PORTER  The Jilting of Granny Weatherall As the end nears, Granny Weatherall has her memories and is surrounded by her loving adult children. JOHN STEINBECK  The Chrysanthemums As a housewife on a small ranch, Elisa Allen experiences changes to her sense of self-worth. Writing About Symbolism and Allegory  Illustrative Student Essay (Symbolism): Symbols of Light and Darkness in Porter’s “The Jilting of Granny Weatherall”   Second Illustrative Student Essay (Allegory): The Allegory of Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”  Writing Topics About Symbolism and Allegory    8   Idea or Theme: The Meaning and the Message in Fiction   Ideas and Assertions Ideas and Issues  Ideas and Values  The Place of Ideas in Literature  How to Find Ideas  Stories for Study  JAMES BALDWIN  Sonny’s Blues A devoted brother describes how his brother, Sonny, is hurt by racial prejudice, and how Sonny finds fulfillment through love of music. TONI CADE BAMBARA  The Lesson When a group of children visits a toy store for the wealthy, some of them draw conclusions about society and themselves. ANTON CHEKHOV  The Lady with the Dog Bored with life, Dmitri Gurov meets Anna Sergeyevna and discovers previously unknown emotions and extremely new problems. D. H. LAWRENCE  The Horse Dealer’s Daughter Dr. Jack Fergusson and Mabel Pervin find, in each other’s love, a new reason for being. AMéRICO PAREDES  The Hammon and the Beans Is American liberty restricted to people of only one group, or is it for everyone? Writing About a Major Idea in Fiction Illustrative Student Essay: D. H. Lawrence’s “The Horse Dealer’s Daughter” as an Expression of the Idea that Loving Commitment is Essential in Life Writing Topics About Ideas    9   A Career in Fiction: Four Stories by Edgar Allan Poe with Critical Readings for Research                                        Poe’s Life and Career  Poe’s Work as a Journalist and Writer of Fiction Poe’s Reputation  Bibliographic Sources Writing Topics About Poe Four Stories by Edgar Allan POE (CHRONOLOGICALly arranged) The Fall of the House of Usher (1839)  The Masque of the Red Death (1842)  The Black Cat (1843)  The Cask of Amontillado (1846)  Edited Selections from Criticism of Poe’s Stories  1. Poe’s Irony   •  2. The Narrators of “The Cask of Amontillado” and  “The Fall of the House of Usher”   •  3. “The Fall of the House of Usher”   •  4. “The Black Cat” and  “The Tell-Tale Heart”   •  5. “The Masque of the Red Death”   •  6. Symbolism in “The Masque of the Red Death”   •  7. “The Masque of the Red Death” as Representative of a “Diseased Age”   •  8. Sources and Analogues of “The Cask of Amontillado”   •  9. Poe’s Idea of Unity and “The Fall of the House of Usher”    •  1. The Narrators of “The Cask of Amontillado” and “The Black Cat”   •  11. Poe, Women, and “The Fall of the House of Usher”   •  12. The Deceptive Narrator of “The Black Cat”    10   Ten Stories for Additional Enjoyment and Study        CHINUA ACHEBE  Marriage is a Private Affair    A man and his young bride deal with the groom's father's disapproval.  JOHN CHIOLES  Before the Firing Squad During World War II, in Nazi-occupied Greece, a young German soldier learns the importance of personal obligations. ANDRE DUBUS  The Curse A man who has witnessed a gang attack on a defenseless woman experiences deep anguish and self-reproach. DAGOBERTO GILB Love in L.A.  (NEW)  Involved in a traffic accident, a young man tries to entice his victim into a date.  CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN  The Yellow Wallpaper Who is the woman who is trying to emerge from behind the yellow wallpaper? FLANNERY O’CONNOR  A Good Man Is Hard to Find “The grandmother didn’t want to go to Florida. She wanted to visit some of her connections in east Tennessee. . . .” TILLIE OLSEN  I Stand Here Ironing “My wisdom came too late.” Z.Z. PACKER  Brownies    A troop of young African American girl scouts take issue with a white troop at their summer camp.  PETRONIUS (Gaius Petronius Arbiter) The Widow of Ephesus A young widow learns what it takes to save her newly found love. TOBIAS WOOLF  Powder  A young man and his father brave snowy roads hoping to meet an important deadline.   10A Writing a Research Essay on Fiction               Selecting a Topic   Setting Up a Working Bibliography (NEW)  Locating Sources (NEW)       Searching the Internet (NEW)                  Evaluating Sources (box) (NEW)       Searching Library Resources (NEW)                 Important Considerations About Computer-Aided Research (box)          Review the Bibliographies in Major Critical Studies on your Topic          Consult Bibliographical Guides         Gaining Access to Books and Articles Through Databases (NEW) Taking Notes and Paraphrasing Material                   Plagiarism: An Embarrassing but Vital Subject—and a Danger to be Overcome  (box) Being Creative and Original While Doing Research   Documenting Your Work  (NEW) Strategies for Organizing Ideas in Your Research Essay   Illustrative Student Essay Using Research: The Structure of Katherine Mansfield’s “Miss Brill” Writing Topics About How to Undertake a Research Essay       PART III  Reading and Writing About Poetry   11   Meeting Poetry: An Overview                           The Nature of Poetry  BILLY COLLINS  Schoolsville LISEL MUELLER  Hope ROBERT HERRICK  Here a Pretty Baby Lies Poetry of the English Language  How to Read a Poem  Studying Poetry  Anonymous  Sir Patrick Spens  Poems for Study  GWENDOLYN BROOKS  The Mother EMILY DICKINSON  Because I Could Not Stop for Death ROBERT FRANCIS  Catch ROBERT FROST  Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening THOMAS HARDY  The Man He Killed JOY HARJO  Eagle Poem RANDALL JARRELL  The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner BEN JONSON  On My First Daughter EMMA LAZARUS The New Colossus LOUIS MACNEICE  Snow JIM NORTHRUP  Ogichidag NAOMI SHIHAB NYE  Where Children Live OCTAVIO PAZ    Two Bodies  (NEW) PHIL RIZZUTO  They Own the Wind  (NEW) WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY  To – [“Music, When Soft Voices Die” ELAINE TERRANOVA  Rush Hour Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem  Illustrative Student Paraphrase: A Paraphrase of Thomas Hardy’s “The Man He Killed”  Writing an Explication of a Poem Illustrative Student Essay: An Explication of Thomas Hardy’s “ Man He Killed” Writing Topics About the Nature of Poetry     12   Words: The Building Blocks of Poetry Choice of Diction: Specific and Concrete, General and Abstract Levels of Diction  Special Types of Diction  Syntax Decorum: The Matching of Subject and Word  Denotation and Connotation  Robert Graves  The Naked and the Nude Poems for Study  WILLIAM BLAKE  The Lamb ROBERT BURNSGreen Grow the Rashes LEWIS CARROLL  Jabberwocky HAYDEN CARRUTH  An Apology for Using the Word “Heart” in Too Many Poems E. E. CUMMINGS  next to of course god america i JOHN DONNE  Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God RICHARD EBERHART  The Fury of Aerial Bombardment BART EDELMAN  Chemistry Experiment THOMAS GRAY  Sonnet on the Death of Richard West JANE HIRSHFIELD  The Lives of the Heart  A. E. HOUSMAN  Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now  CAROLYN KIZER  Night Sounds  DENISE LEVERTOV  Of Being  EUGENIO MONTALE  English Horn (Corno Inglese)  JUDITH ORTIZ [COFER]  Latin Women Pray  HENRY REED  Naming of Parts  EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON  Richard Cory  THEODORE ROETHKE  Dolor  KAY RYAN  Crib   (NEW) STEPHEN SPENDERI Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great  WALLACE STEVENS  Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock  MARK STRAND  Eating Poetry  WILLIAM WORDSWORTH  Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)  Writing About Diction and Syntax in Poetry Illustrative Student Essay: Diction and Character in Robinson’s “Richard Cory”  Writing Topics About the Words of Poetry    13   Characters and Setting: Who, What, Where, and When in Poetry                                                                                  Characters in Poetry  SHERMANALEXIE        On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City  (NEW)                  ANONYMOUS  Western Wind, When Wilt Thou Blow?  ANONYMOUS  Bonny George Campbell  BEN JONSON  Drink to Me, Only, with Thine Eyes  BEN JONSON  To the Reader  Setting and Character in Poetry LISEL MUELLER  Alive Together POEMS FOR STUDY  MATTHEWARNOLD  DoverBeach  WILLIAM BLAKE  London  ELIZABETH BREWSTER  Where I Come From  ROBERT BROWNING  My Last Duchess  WILLIAM COWPER  The Poplar Field  ALLEN GINSBERG  A Further Proposal  LOUISE GLÜCK  Snowdrops  THOMAS GRAY  Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard  THOMAS HARDY  The Ruined Maid  GARRETT HONGO The Legend (NEW) DORIANNE LAUX  The Life of Trees  C. DAY LEWIS  Song  ROBERT LOWELL  Memories of West Street and Lepke  CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE  The Passionate Shepherd to His Love  JOYCE CAROL OATES  Loving  SIR WALTER RALEGH  The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd  CHRISTINA ROSSETTI  A Christmas Carol  JANESHORE  A Letter Sent to Summer  WILLIAM WORDSWORTH  Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey  JAMES WRIGHT  A Blessing  Writing About Character and Setting in Poetry llustrative Student Essay: The Character of the Duke in Browning’s “My Last Duchess” Writing Topics About Character and Setting in Poetry    14   Imagery: The Poem’s Link to the Senses     Responses and the Writer’s Use of Detail  The Relationship of Imagery to Ideas and Attitudes Types of Imagery JOHN MASEFIELD  Cargoes  WILFRED OWEN  Anthem for Doomed Youth  ELIZABETH BISHOPThe Fish  POEMS FOR STUDY  ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING  Sonnets from the Portuguese, Number 14: If Thou Must Love Me  SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE  Kubla Khan  T. S. ELIOTPreludes  LOUISE ERDRICH          IndianBoarding School: The Runaways  (NEW) SUSAN GRIFFIN  Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields  THOMAS HARDY  Channel Firing  GEORGE HERBERT  The Pulley  GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS  Spring  A. E. HOUSMAN  On Wenlock Edge  DENISE LEVERTOV  A Time Past  THOMAS LUX  The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently  EUGENIO MONTALE  Buffalo(Buffalo)  MARIANNE MOOREThe Fish  PABLO NERUDA  Every Day You Play  OCTAVIO PAZ    The Street (NEW) EZRA POUNDIn a Station of the Metro  MIKLÓS RADNÓTI  Forced March  FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT  If You Love for the Sake of Beauty  WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Sonnet 13: My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun  STEPHEN STEPANCHEV  Seven Horizons (NEW) JAMES TATE  Dream On  DAVID WOJAHN  “It’s Only Rock and Roll, but I Like It”: The Fall of Saigon  Writing About Imagery  Illustrative Student Essay: Imagery in T. S. Eliot’s “Preludes”  Writing Topics About Imagery in Poetry    15   Figures of Speech, or Metaphorical Language: A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry                                                    Metaphors and Similes: The Major Figures of Speech  Characteristics of Metaphorical Language  JOHN KEATS  On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer Vehicle and Tenor Other Figures of Speech  JOHN KEATSBright Star  JOHN GAY  Let Us Take the Road  POEMS FOR STUDY  JACK AGÜEROSSonnet for You, Familiar Famine  WILLIAM BLAKE  The Tyger  ROBERT BURNS  A Red, Red Rose  JOHN DONNE  A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning  ABBIE HUSTON EVANS  The Iceberg Seven-Eighths Under  THOMAS HARDYThe Convergence of the Twain  JOY HARJO  Remember  JOHN KEATSTo Autumn  MAURICE KENNYLegacy  JANE KENYON  Let Evening Come  HENRY KING  Sic Vita  ROBERT LOWELL  Skunk Hour  JUDITH MINTY  Conjoined  PABLO NERUDAIf You Forget Me  MARY OLIVER   Showing the Birds (NEW) MARGE PIERCY  A Work of Artifice  MURIEL RUKEYSER  Looking at Each Other  WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?  WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Sonnet 3: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought  ELIZABETH TUDOR, QUEEN ELIZABETH I  On Monsieur’s Departure  MONA VAN DUYNEarth Tremors Felt in Missouri   DEBORAH WARREN     Clay and Flame (NEW) WALT WHITMAN  Facing West from California’s Shores  WILLIAM WORDSWORTH  London, 1820  SIR THOMAS WYATT  I Find No Peace  Writing About Figures of Speech Illustrative Student Paragraph: Wordsworth’s Use of Overstatement in “London, 1820”  Illustrative Student Essay: A Study of Shakespeare’s Metaphors in Sonnet 3: “When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought”  Writing Topics About Figures of Speech in Poetry    16   Tone: The Creation of Attitude in Poetry     Tone, Choice, and Response  CORNELIUS WHUR  The First-Rate Wife  Tone and the Need for Control  WILFRED OWEN  Dulce et Decorum Est  Tone and Common Grounds of Assent  Tone in Conversation and Poetry  Tone and Irony  THOMAS HARDY  The Workbox  Tone and Satire  ALEXANDER POPE  Epigram from the French  ALEXANDER POPE  Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal Highness  POEMS FOR STUDY  WILLIAM BLAKEOn Another’s Sorrow  JIMMY CARTER I Wanted to Share My Father’s World  LUCILLE CLIFTONhomage to my hips  BILLY COLLINS  The Names  E. E. CUMMINGS  she being Brand /-new  BART EDELMAN  Trouble  MARTIN ESPADA   Bully  (NEW)  MARI EVANSI Am a Black Woman  SEAMUS HEANEYMid-Term Break  WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY  When You Are Old  DAVID IGNATOW  The Bagel  YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA  Facing It  ABRAHAM LINCOLN  My Childhood’s Home  PAT MORA  La Migra  SHARONOLDS  The Planned Child  ROBERT PINSKY  Dying  ALEXANDER POPEfromEpilogue to the Satires Dialogue I  SALVATORE QUASÍMODO  Auschwitz  ANNE RIDLER  Nothing Is Lost  THEODORE ROETHKE  My Papa’s Waltz  JANESHORE  A Letter Sent to Summer  CATHY SONG      Lost Sister (NEW) JONATHAN SWIFT  A Description of the Morning  DAVID WAGONER  My Physics Teacher  C. K. WILLIAMS  Dimensions  WILLIAM WORDSWORTHThe Solitary Reaper  WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS  When You Are Old  Writing About Tone in Poetry  Illustrative Student Essay: The Speaker’s Attitudes in Sharon Olds’s “The Planned Child”  Writing Topics About Tone in Poetry     17   Prosody: Sound, Rhythm, and Rhyme in Poetry Important Definitions for Studying Prosody  Segments: Individually Meaningful Sounds  Poetic Rhythm  The Major Metrical Feet  Special Meters   Substitution  Accentual Strong-Stress, and “Sprung” Rhythms  The Caesura: The Pause Creating Variety and Natural Rhythms in Poetry   Segmental Poetic Devices  Rhyme: The Duplication and Similarity of Sounds  Rhyme and Meter   Rhyme Schemes  POEMS FOR STUDY  GWENDOLYN BROOKS  We Real Cool  ROBERT BROWNING  Porphyria’s Lover  EMILY DICKINSON  To Hear an Oriole Sing  JOHN DONNE  The Sun Rising  RALPH WALDO EMERSON  ConcordHymn  ISABELLA GARDNER  At a Summer Hotel  ROBERT HERRICKUpon Julia’s Voice  GERARD MANLEY HOPKINSGod’s Grandeur  JOHN HALL INGHAM  George Washington  PHILIP LEVINE  A Theory of Prosody  HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW  The Sound of the Sea  HERMAN MELVILLE  Shiloh: A Requiem  OGDENNASH  Very Like a Whale  EDGAR ALLAN POEAnnabel Lee  EDGAR ALLAN POEThe Bells  ALEXANDER POPE  From An Essay on Man Epistle I  WYATT PRUNTYMarch  EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON  Miniver Cheevy  CHRISTINA ROSSETTI  Echo  WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou May’st in Me Behold  PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY  Ode to the West Wind  ALFRED, LORD TENNYSONFrom Idylls of the King: The Passing of Arthur  DAVID WAGONERMarch for a One-Man Band  Writing About Prosody  Referring to Sounds in Poetry   First Illustrative Student Essay: Rhyme, Rhythm, and Sound in Browning’s “Porphyria’s Lover”  Second Illustrative Student Essay: The Rhymes and Repeated Words in Christina Rossetti’s “Echo”  Writing Topics About Rhythm and Rhyme in Poetry    18   Form: The Shape of Poems                                   Closed-Form Poetry  WILLIAM WORDSWORTH  Fragment fromThe Prelude  ALEXANDER POPE  Fragment fromThe Rape of the Locke  ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON  The Eagle  JOHN MILTON Fragment fromLycidas  ANONYMOUS  Spun in High, Dark Clouds  WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds  Open-Form Poetry  WALT WHITMAN  Reconciliation  Visualizing Poetry: Poetry and Artistic Expression: Visual Poetry, Concrete Poetry, and Prose Poems  E. E. CUMMINGS  BuffaloBill’s Defunct  GEORGE HERBERT  Colossians 3:3 (Our Life is Hid With Christ in God)  GEORGE HERBERT  Easter Wings  CHARLES HARPER WEBB  The Shape of History  JOHN HOLLANDER  Swan and Shadow  WILLIAM HEYEN  Mantle  MAY SWENSON  Women  CAROLYN FORCHÉ  The Colonel  POEMS FOR STUDY  ELIZABETHBISHOP  One Art  BILLY COLLINS  Sonnet  JOHN DRYDEN  To the Memory of Mr. Oldham  ROBERTFROSTDesertPlaces  ALLEN GINSBERG  A Supermarket in California  ROBERTHASS  Museum  GEORGE HERBERTVirtue  JOHN KEATS  Ode to a Nightingale YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA    Grenade  (NEW) MAGUS MAGNUS  Empirical/Imperial Demonstration (NEW) CLAUDE McKAY  In Bondage  JOHN MILTONOn His Blindness (When I Consider How My Light Is Spent)  DUDLEY RANDALL  Ballad of Birmingham  THEODORE ROETHKE  The Waking  GEORGE WILLIAM RUSSELL (Æ)  Continuity  PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY  Ozymandias  DYLAN THOMASDo Not Go Gentle into That Good Night  JEAN TOOMER  Reapers  PHYLLIS WEBB  Poetics Aga the Angel of Death  WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS  The Dance  Writing About Form in Poetry  Illustrative Student Essay: Form and Meaning in George Herbert’s “Virtue”  Writing Topics About Poetic Form    19. Symbolism and Allusion: Windows to Wide Expanses of Meaning      Symbolism and Meanings  VIRGINIA SCOTT  Snow  The Function of Symbolism in Poetry  Allusions and Meaning  Studying for Symbols and AllusionsPOEMS FOR STUDY  EMILY BRONTË  No Coward Soul Is Mine  AMY CLAMPITT   Beach Glass  ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH  Say Not the Struggle Nought Availeth  PETER DAVISON  Delphi JOHN DONNE  The Canonization STEPHEN DUNN  Hawk  ISABELLA GARDNER  Collage of Echoes  DAN GEORGAKIS  Hiroshima Crewman  JORIE GRAHAM  The Geese  THOMAS HARDY  In Time of “The Breaking of Nations”  GEORGE HERBERT  The Collar  JOSEPHINE JACOBSEN  Tears  ROBINSON JEFFERS  The Purse-Seine  JOHN KEATS  La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad  X. J. KENNEDY  Old Men Pitching Horseshoes  TED KOOSER  Year’s End   20. Myths: Systems of Symbolic Allusion in Poetry            Mythology as an Explanation of How Things Are Mythology and Literature  WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS  Leda and the Swan MONA VAN DUYN  Leda  Six Poems Related to the Myth of Odysseus  POEMS FOR STUDY&