The litigation landscape continues to expand. There are increased cases, a surge in class actions, and an increase in law firm revenues. The industry is influenced by globalisation, technological advancements, and increasing regulatory complexities, driving demand for specialised expertise and innovative approaches. These influences impact both sides of the industry. On one hand, as digital integration deepens, disputes arising from cybersecurity breaches, AI and automation issues continue to grow. With a growing emphasis on ESG standards, businesses are encountering disputes over alleged greenwashing, supply chain compliance failures, and shareholder activism related to ESG commitments. There are economic and political pressures resulting in contractual disputes creating contentious issues around force majeure, termination rights and performance obligations. On the other hand, legal technology, such as e-discovery tools and online dispute resolution platforms, is transforming case management and client interactions. The industry’s focus is shifting towards efficiency, adaptability, and client-centric solutions through alternative dispute resolution, and alongside other developments, these processes and the work undertaken continue to be a critical component of maintaining legal and business stability worldwide. Welcome to the 18th edition of ICLG – Litigation & Dispute Resolution. My deepest thanks to Contributing Editor Greg Lascelles and all the law firms who have created content for this edition, which I hope you find digestible, insightful and useful in navigating these landscapes in 2025. James Strode Publisher Global Legal Group

Table of Contents:
Expert Analysis Chapters 1 From #posts to #penalties: Understanding the Legal Framework for Social Media Influencers Greg Lascelles & Demica Kaur Nettleford, Hausfeld 6 Compulsory Disclosure of Evidence Prior to Litigation in French Law Patrice Grenier & Alexandre Pouray, Grenier Avocats 18 Forum Shopping and Selection: A Strategic Guide to Thai and International Courts and Arbitration Krida Phoonwathu, Ittirote Klinboon, Rawi Meckvichai & Prat Naka, Rajah & Tann (Thailand) Limited 23 Challenges to International Arbitration: From Enforcement to Anti-Arbitration Perspectives Ravi Singhania, Vikas Goel, Shilpa Shah & Harmanbir Singh Sandhu, Singhania & Partners LLP Q&A Chapters 27 Bermuda John Hindess & Terry-Lynn Griffiths, Wakefield Quin Limited 35 England & Wales Greg Lascelles & Demica Kaur Nettleford, Hausfeld 51 France Olivier Laude, Benoit Renard & Camille Rigaud, Laude & Associés 61 Germany Matthias Schrader, Dr. Johannes Schmidt, Dr. Harry Nettlau & Svenja Wachtel, Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP 69 Guernsey Robin Gist, Charlotte Tomlinson, Alison Antill & Glyn Davies, Ferbrache & Farrell LLP 76 Hong Kong Paul Kwan & Andy Lam, Deacons 88 India Shally Bhasin, Chaitanya Safaya, Prateek Gupta & Udbhav Nanda, Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co. 101 Italy Alessandro Gravante & Rosanna Serraino, Giambrone & Partners – Studio Legale Associato 109 Japan Koki Yanagisawa & Hiroyuki Ebisawa, Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu 118 Lithuania Gediminas Dominas & Tomas Balciunas, WALLESS 126 Luxembourg Clara Mara-Marhuenda & Sandrine Margetidis-Sigwalt, Arendt & Medernach 134 Mexico Armando Arenas Reyes & Eduardo Arana Ramírez, OLIVARES 145 Philippines Ramon G. Songco, Anthony W. Dee & Jewelle Ann Lou P. Santos, SyCip Salazar Hernandez & Gatmaitan 154 Saudi Arabia Omar Alrasheed, Reed Runnels, Walid Al-Khalaf & Nadir Hassan, Omar Alrasheed Law Firm 162 Slovakia Jakub Kamenický & Adriana Pavlovicová, Squire Patton Boggs 170 Slovenia Rok Jerovšek, Peter Malis & Luka Jager, Jerovšek Malis Law Firm 181 Spain Sonia Gumpert Melgosa & Michael Fries, Monereo Meyer Abogados 188 Switzerland Sonja Stark-Traber & André Bloch, Suter Howald Attorneys at Law 197 Taiwan Winona Chen, Shih-I Wu & Yu-June Tseng, Lee and Li Attorneys-at-Law 206 Thailand Nathee Silacharoen, Sakolrat Srangsomwong, Chonlawat Rojanaparpal & Wanchana Bunditkritsada, Chandler Mori Hamada Limited 214 USA – Delaware John A. Sensing, Carla M. Jones & Hannah L. Paxton, Potter Anderson & Corroon LLP 223 USA – New York Chris Paparella, Justin Ben-Asher & Jennie Askew, Steptoe 233 USA – Virginia Brian A. Hill & Scott M. Dinner, Nixon Peabody LLP 241 USA – Washington, D.C. Brian A. Hill & Simon A. Poser, Nixon Peabody LLP