For courses in English Composition. The acclaimed rhetorical modes reader, with remarkably detailed writing guidance Best-seller The Longman Reader, Brief Edition includes its abundant and highly praised pedagogy as well as a wealth of readings organized by patterns of development (an alternative table of contents organizes them thematically). The opening chapters focus on reading critically and the writing process. The subsequent chapters begin with detailed writing instruction, including an annotated student paper and revision and peer review checklists, and end with professional essays. These professional essays range widely in subject matter and approach–from the humorous to the informative, from personal meditation to argument–and capture students' interest while demonstrating specific patterns of development. The Longman Reader shares the core pedagogical material as well as many of [L1] the same readings with The Longman Writer.   Also available with MyWritingLab™ This title is also available with MyWritingLab — an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts.   Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyWritingLab does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyWritingLab, search for : 013397006X / 9780133970067  The Longman Reader, Brief Edition Plus MyWritingLab with eText - Access Card Package Package consists of: 0133800407 / 9780133800401  The Longman Reader, Brief Edition 0133944131 / 9780133944136  MyWritingLab with Pearson eText - Access Card 013394414X / 9780133944143  MyWritingLab with Pearson eText - Inside Star Sticker MyWritingLab is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor.

Table of Contents:
NOTE: Table of Contents below is followed by Thematic Contents. 1    READING CRITICALLY Stage 1: Get an Overview of the Selection   FIRST READING: A CHECKLIST     Stage 2: Deepen Your Sense of the Selection     SECOND READING: A CHECKLIST     Stage 3: Evaluate the Selection   EVALUATING A SELECTION: A CHECKLIST     Assessing Visuals in a Reading    Assessing an Image: An Example   Assessing a Graph: An Example   A Model Annotated Reading   Ellen Goodman FAMILY COUNTERCULTURE     Parents are told to switch the dial if they don’t want their kids watching something on TV. But what should parents do when the entire culture warrants being switched off? 2     THE WRITING PROCESS   Figure 2.1 Stages of the Writing Process   Stage 1: Prewrite   ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE: A CHECKLIST   Activities: Prewrite   Stage 2: Identify the Thesis   Activities: Identify the Thesis Stage 3: Support the Thesis with Evidence Activities: Support the Thesis with Evidence   Stage 4: Organize the Evidence   OUTLINING: A CHECKLIST Activities: Organize the Evidence   Stage 5: Write the First Draft TURNING OUTLINE INTO FIRST DRAFT: A CHECKLIST Figure 2.2 Structure of an Essay   Activities: Write the First Draft Stage 6: Revise the Essay   Stage 7: Edit and Proofread   Student Essay: “Aggression, Addiction, Isolation, and More: The Dark Side of Video Game Play” by Caylah Francis 7 Commentary   Activity: Revise the Essay   3     DESCRIPTION    What Is Description? How Description Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Description in an Essay   Figure 3.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Description Essay   Revision Strategies   DESCRIPTION: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST   Student Essay: “Enduring with Dignity: Akua’s Surviving Children” by Leanna Stoufer    Commentary Activities: Description  Mario Suárez  EL HOYO     The truth of the old adage “beauty lies in the eye of the beholder” is illustrated in this description of the place the author calls home. While his barrio may be considered unattractive by outsiders, it is beautiful to Mario Suárez because of the people who live there and the culture they embrace.     Figure 3.2 Essay Structure Diagram: ”El Hoyo” by Mario Suárez David Helvarg THE STORM THIS TIME   Three weeks after Hurricane Katrina, an environmentalist tours New Orleans and the Gulf Coast to assess damage and the prospects for recovery. Cherokee Paul McDonald A VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE   A chance encounter with a young boy turns into an experience the narrator will never forget–one that changes the way he sees the world.   Additional Writing Topics   4     NARRATION   What Is Narration?   How Narration Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Narration in an Essay Figure 4.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Narration Essay Revision Strategies NARRATION: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay:  “Letters from Dad” by Laura Rose Dunn   Commentary Activities: Narration Audre Lorde THE FOURTH OF JULY   On a Fourth of July trip to the nation’s capital, a family is confronted by an ugly truth about American life. Figure 4.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “The Fourth of July” by Audre Lorde  Lynda Barry THE SANCTUARY OF SCHOOL   For the narrator of this story, school served as much more than a place to attain an education. As is true for many children, school provided a desperately needed escape from an unhappy home where she was often overlooked. Joan Murray SOMEONE'S MOTHER A woman gives a ride to a 90-year-old hitchhiker who can't remember where she lives but doesn't want her son to find out she's lost again. Additional Writing Topics   5     EXEMPLIFICATION What Is Exemplification?  How Exemplification Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Exemplification in an Essay 1 Figure 5.1 Development Diagram: Writing an Exemplification Essay Revision Strategies  EXEMPLIFICATION: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST  Student Essay: “ Professors Open Up About the Benefits of a College Degree” by Charlene Adams   Commentary  Activities: Exemplification Kay S. Hymowitz TWEENS: TEN GOING ON SIXTEEN  Where have all the children gone? According to Hymowitz, they’ve been hijacked by a culture that urges them to become teenagers at ten. From clothes and hairstyles to sex, drugs, and violence, today’s “tweens” are hurled prematurely into the adult world. Figure 5.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “Tweens: Ten Going On Sixteen” by Kay S. Hymowitz  Temple Grandin SEEING IN BEAUTIFUL, PRECISE PICTURES While many think of autism as a disability, the author and educator Temple Grandin considers the condition an asset that allows her to see the world in a way that would not be possible if she were “normal.” Brent Staples BLACK MEN AND PUBLIC SPACE  Staples describes his own experiences as a black man being avoided in public spaces because of his race. Additional Writing Topics  6     DIVISION-CLASSIFICATION  What Is Division-Classification? How Division-Classification Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Division-Classification in an Essay Figure 6.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Division-Classification Essay Revision Strategies DIVISION-CLASSIFICATION: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay: “The Benchers, the Nappers, the Jellyfish, and the Musicians” by Catherine Gispert  Commentary Activities: Division-Classification Amy Tan MOTHER TONGUE The author explores the different kinds of English that she uses and how they were shaped by the English her Chinese mother spoke. Figure 6.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan David Brooks PSST! “HUMAN CAPITAL” Human capital, necessary for a just, prosperous society, is more than skills and knowledge. It includes cultural, social, moral, cognitive, and aspirational capital. Bianca Bosker  HOW TEENS ARE REALLY USING FACEBOOK: IT’S A “SOCIAL BURDEN,” PEW STUDY FINDS   The author discusses a Pew Research Center report that reveals how teens are tiring of Facebook and turning to other social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr  to stay constantly connected to each other. Additional Writing Topics 7     PROCESS ANALYSIS What Is Process Analysis? How Process Analysis Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Process Analysis in an Essay Figure 7.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Process Analysis Essay Revision Strategies PROCESS ANALYSIS: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay: “Don’t Write Poetry–Be a Poet” by Jared Mosley  Commentary 29 Activities: Process Analysis 293 Amy Sutherland WHAT SHAMU TAUGHT ME ABOUT A HAPPY MARRIAGE 38 The writer rids her husband of some of his annoying habits by using an animal training technique; at the end, he’s using the same technique on her Figure 7.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “What Shamu Taught Me About A Happy Marriage” by Amy Sutherland     Alex Horton ON GETTING BY   After serving in the U.S. military in Iraq and returning to college at Georgetown University, Alex Horton offers advice that can help other student veterans as they cope with college life and gives non-veterans insight into the challenges veterans face. Paul Roberts HOW TO SAY NOTHING IN 5 WORDS An English professor analyzes a student essay, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Additional Writing Topics 8     COMPARISON-CONTRAST What Is Comparison-Contrast? How Comparison-Contrast Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Comparison-Contrast in an Essay Figure 8.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Comparison-Contrast Essay Revision Strategies COMPARISON-CONTRAST: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay: “Buying a Cross-Country Mountain Bike” by Blake Norman  Commentary Activities: Comparison-Contrast Eric Weiner EUROMAIL AND AMERIMAIL — Cite 27 The author compares e-mail styles and strategies in America and Europe–and declares a preference for one over the other. Figure 8.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “Euromail and Amerimail” by Eric Weiner Josie Appleton THE BODY PIERCING PROJECT   Josie Appleton explores the diminishing taboo associated with tattoos and body piercings and compares the various reasons many individuals of all ages and from all walks of life use these procedures to modify their bodies. Dave Barry BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Why do men tend to be unconcerned about their appearance while women seem obsessed with how they look? Humorist Dave Barry advances an interesting theory Additional Writing Topics 9     CAUSE-EFFECT What Is Cause-Effect? How Cause-Effect Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Cause-Effect in an Essay Figure 9.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Cause-Effect Essay Revision Strategies CAUSE-EFFECT: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay: “Party with a Purpose” by Erica Zwieg  Commentary Activities: Cause-Effect Jane S. Shaw NATURE IN THE SUBURBS Is urban sprawl wiping out wildlife? Shaw explains how many wild animal species are finding new living environments in the expansion of suburbs. Figure 9.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “Nature in the Suburbs” by Jane S. Shaw Jacques D’Amboise SHOWING WHAT IS POSSIBLE By taking control of one’s body, this celebrated dancer explains, it is possible to take control of one’s life. Juan Williams THE RULING THAT CHANGED AMERICA Williams explores the effects on American society of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling. Additional Writing Topics 10     DEFINITION What Is Definition? How Definition Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Definition in an Essay Figure 1.1 Development Diagram: Writing a Definition Essay Revision Strategies DEFINITION: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay: “Tweet, Tweedle-lee-dee (118 Characters Left)" by Olivia Fletcher Commentary Activities: Definition Ann Hulbert BEYOND THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE The attitudes and values of “Gen Nexters”–those 18 to 25–seem contradictory, but perhaps they actually do make sense. Figure 1.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” by Ann Hulbert Keith Johnson WHO’S A PIRATE? IN COURT, A DUEL OVER DEFINITIONS Although piracy has long been considered a crime, there is no complete explanation in U.S. law of what exactly piracy entails. So who, then, is a pirate? Laura Fraser THE INNER CORSET  This selection explores the changing definition of female beauty, from the days when big was considered beautiful to the present, when “nothing tastes as good as skinny feels” is the prevailing mantra. Additional Writing Topics 11     ARGUMENTATION-PERSUASION What Is Argumentation-Persuasion? How Argumentation-Persuasion Fits Your Purpose and Audience Strategies for Using Argumentation-Persuasion in an Essay Figure 11.1 Development Diagram: Writing an Argumentation-Persuasion Essay QUESTIONS FOR USING TOULMIN LOGIC: A CHECKLIST Revision Strategies ARGUMENTATION-PERSUASION: A REVISION/PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST Student Essay: It’s About Time, Augusta by Lydia Gumm   Commentary Activities: Argumentation-Persuasion Stanley Fish FREE-SPEECH FOLLIES A noted scholar explores the difference between invoking the First Amendment and simply exercising good judgment in academic settings. Figure 11.2 Essay Structure Diagram: “Free-Speech Follies” by Stanley Fish Wendell Berry FARMING AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY The author believes that in order for farming to be sustainable, it must follow practices set by ecosystems and human communities, not set by the industrial system. Examining an Issue: Government Regulation to Help Control Obesity and Related Diseases Michael Marlow & Sherzod Abdukadirov  GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION WILL NOT SOLVE OUR OBESITY PROBLEM     As leading researchers,  Marlow and Abdukadirov make the argument that there is no easy answer to the issue of obesity in the United States and that individuals–not governments–must take the initiative in combating this serious issue. Mark Bittman  WHAT CAUSES WEIGHT GAIN    Food columnist and popular TV personality Mark Bittman takes a stand against hyperprocessed food that he believes is making Americans obese, advocating for government programs to help Americans gain control of their eating habits. Examining an Issue: Organ Donation Alexander T. Tabarrok A MORAL SOLUTION TO THE ORGAN SHORTAGE To encourage people to donate organs, the author proposes limiting the receipt of donated organs to only those who agree to donate themselves. Virginia Postrel NEED TRANSPLANT DONORS? PAY THEM Paying people who donate organs is one solution to the shortage of organs available for transplants. Additional Writing Topics 12     COMBINING THE PATTERNS The Patterns in Action: During the Writing Process The Patterns in Action: In an Essay Student Essay: “Dating Then and Now: A Convoluted Mess” by Houston Barber Hillary Rodham Clinton  REMARKS TO THE U.N. 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN PLENARY SESSION   Hillary Rodham Clinton, considered by many to be the leading female political figure in the United States, makes an impassioned plea for women’s rights around the globe. Martin Luther King, Jr. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE: CHAOS OR COMMUNITY? America’s most influential civil rights leader pleads eloquently for a drastic change in the way that governments pursue world peace. Joan Didion MARRYING ABSURD Essayist Didion turns her curious gaze on the wedding industry of Las Vegas, a city created to gratify the illusions of hopeful gamblers, whether at the roulette wheel or in love. APPENDIX A: A GUIDE TO USING SOURCES Evaluating Source Materials EVALUATING ARTICLES AND BOOKS: A CHECKLIST EVALUATING INTERNET MATERIALS: A CHECKLIST Analyzing and Synthesizing Source Material ANALYZING AND SYNTHESIZING SOURCE MATERIAL: A CHECKLIST Using Quotation, Summary, and Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing USING QUOTATION, SUMMARY, AND PARAPHRASE: A CHECKLIST Avoiding Plagiarism  Integrating Sources into Your Writing INTEGRATING SOURCES INTO YOUR WRITING: A CHECKLIST Documenting Sources: MLA Style How to Document: MLA In-Text References USING MLA PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES: A CHECKLIST How to Document: MLA List of Works Cited Citing Print Sources–Books Citing Print Sources–Periodicals Citing Sources Found on a Website Citing Sources Found Through an Online Database or Scholarly Project Citing Other Common Sources APPENDIX B: AVOIDING TEN COMMON WRITING ERRORS 1 Fragments 2 Comma Splices and Run-ons 3 Faulty Subject-Verb Agreement 4 Faulty Pronoun Agreement 5 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 6 Faulty Parallelism 7 Comma Misuse 8 Apostrophe Misuse 9 Confusing Homonyms 1 Misuse of Italics and Underlining Glossary  Acknowledgments  Index  THEMATIC CONTENTS Communication and Language Mario Suárez, El Hoyo • Amy Tan, Mother Tongue • Jane Maher, Girl • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures • Bianca Bosker, How Teens Are Really Using Facebook • Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage • Alex Horton, On Getting By • Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words • Eric Weiner, Euromail and Amerimail  • Dave Barry, Beauty and the Beast • Juan Williams, The Ruling That Changed America  • Ann Hulbert, Beyond the Pleasure Principle   • Stanley Fish, Free-Speech Follies  • Michael Marlow and Sherzod Abdukadirov, Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session  Education and Work Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School  • Kay S. Hymowitz, Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures  • David Brooks, Psst! “Human Capital” • Alex Horton, On Getting By • Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words • Eric Weiner, Euromail and Amerimail • Jacques D’Amboise, Showing What Is Possible • Juan Williams, The Ruling That Changed America • Stanley Fish, Free-Speech Follies  • Wendell Berry, Farming and the Global Economy  • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session  Ethics and Morality Ellen Goodman, Family Counterculture • Mario Suárez, El Hoyo • Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School • Jane Maher, Girl • Kay S. Hymowitz, Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures • David Brooks, Psst! “Human Capital” • Alex Horton, On Getting By  • Juan Williams, The Ruling That Changed America   • Ann Hulbert, Beyond the Pleasure Principle  • Wendell Berry, Farming and the Global Economy   • Michael Marlow and Sherzod Abdukadirov, Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem • Mark Bittman, What Causes Weight Gain • Alexander T. Tabarrok, A Moral Solution to the Organ Shortage • Virginia Postrel, Need Transplant Donors? Pay Them • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session • Martin Luther King, Jr., Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?  Family and Children Ellen Goodman, Family Counterculture •   Cherokee Paul McDonald, A View from the Bridge • Audre Lorde, The Fourth of July • Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School • Jane Maher, Girl • Kay S. Hymowitz, Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen  • Amy Tan, Mother Tongue • Bianca Bosker, How Teens Are Really Using Facebook • Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage • Jacques D’Amboise, Showing What Is Possible • Ann Hulbert, Beyond the Pleasure Principle  • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session   Government and Law Audre Lorde, The Fourth of July • Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School • David Brooks, Psst! “Human Capital”  • Stephen Chapman, The Prisoner’s Dilemma • Juan Williams, The Ruling That Changed America • Keith Johnson, Who’s a Pirate? In Court, a Duel over Definitions • Stanley Fish, Free-Speech Follies • Wendell Berry, Farming and the Global Economy • Michael Marlow and Sherzod Abdukadirov, Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem • Mark Bittman, What Causes Weight Gain • Alexander T. Tabarrok, A Moral Solution to the Organ Shortage • Virginia Postrel, Need Transplant Donors? Pay Them • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session • Martin Luther King, Jr., Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?   Health and Psychology Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School • Kay S. Hymowitz, Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures • Amy Tan, Mother Tongue • Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage  • Josie Appleton, The Body Piercing Project • Laura Fraser, The Inner Corset • Michael Marlow and Sherzod Abdukadirov, Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem • Mark Bittman, What Causes Weight Gain  • Alexander T. Tabarrok, A Moral Solution to the Organ Shortage • Virginia Postrel, Need Transplant Donors? Pay Them • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session  Human Groups and Society Ellen Goodman, Family Counterculture  • Mario Suárez, El Hoyo • David Helvarg, The Storm This Time •  Audre Lorde, The Fourth of July • Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School • Kay S. Hymowitz, Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures • Brent Staples, Black Men and Public Space  • David Brooks, Psst! “Human Capital” • Bianca Bosker, How Teens Are Really Using Facebook • Alex Horton, On Getting By  • Eric Weiner, Euromail and Amerimail • Josie Appleton, The Body Piercing Project  • Dave Barry, Beauty and the Beast  • Ann Hulbert, Beyond the Pleasure Principle • Keith Johnson, Who’s a Pirate? In Court, a Duel over Definitions • Laura Fraser, The Inner Corset • Wendell Berry, Farming and the Global Economy • Michael Marlow & Sherzod Abdukadirov, Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem • Mark Bittman, What Causes Weight Gain • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session • Martin Luther King, Jr., Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? • Joan Didion, Marrying Absurd   Humor and Satire Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage • Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words   • Dave Barry, Beauty and the Beast • Meaning In Life Mario Suárez, El Hoyo • Cherokee Paul McDonald, A View from the Bridge • Audre Lorde, The Fourth of July • Jane Maher, Girl • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures  • Josie Appleton, The Body Piercing Project • Jacques D’Amboise, Showing What Is Possible • Ann Hulbert, Beyond the Pleasure Principle  • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session • Joan Didion, Marrying Absurd  Media and Technology Ellen Goodman, Family Counterculture • David Helvarg, The Storm This Time • Kay S. Hymowitz, Tweens: Ten Going on Sixteen • Bianca Bosker, How Teens Are Really Using Facebook • Eric Weiner, Euromail and Amerimail   • Dave Barry, Beauty and the Beast • Stanley Fish, Free-Speech Follies  Memories and Autobiography Mario Suárez, El Hoyo  • Cherokee Paul McDonald, A View from the Bridge • Audre Lorde, The Fourth of July • Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School • Jane Maher, Girl • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures  • Amy Tan, Mother Tongue • Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage • Alex Horton, On Getting By  • Jacques D’Amboise, Showing What Is Possible • Joan Didion, Marrying Absurd  Men and Women Jane Maher, Girl • Brent Staples, Black Men and Public Space • Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage • Dave Barry, Beauty and the Beast • Laura Fraser, The Inner Corset • Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session  Nature and Science David Helvarg, The Storm This Time • Temple Grandin, Seeing in Beautiful, Precise Pictures • Amy Sutherland, What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage • Jane S. Shaw, Nature in the Suburbs • Laura Fraser, The Inner Corset • Michael Marlow and Sherzod Abdukadirov, Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem • Mark Bittman, What Causes Weight Gain • Alexander T. Tabarrok, A Moral Solution to the Organ Shortage • Virginia Postrel, Need Transplant Donors? Pay Them