Lowinson and Ruiz's Substance Abuse, the premier text on substance abuse and addictive behaviors is now in its updated and expanded Fifth Edition. Scientific topics such as the biology of various addictions and all dimensions of clinical treatment and management are addressed by a wide range of leading contributors. Behavioral addictions are addressed also, so the text is not solely devoted to specific substances and their misuse.

Table of Contents:
Preface vii
Foreword ix

S E C T I O N 1 :
Foundations
1 Historical Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
David F. Musto and Eric D. Wish
2 Epidemiology—The United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Charles Winick and Jack Levinson
3 Epidemiology—A European Perspective . . . . . . . . . . 26
Icro Maremmani, Matteo Pacini, Mercedes Lovrecic, and
Pier Paolo Pani

S E C T I O N 2 :
Determinants of Abuse and Dependence
4 Genetic Factors in the Risk for Substance
Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Thomas A. Nguyen, Jaimee L. Heffner, Show W. Lin, and
Robert M. Anthenelli
5 Neurobiological Factors of Drug Dependence
and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Heath D. Schmidt, Fair M. Vassoler, and R. Christopher Pierce
6 Psychological Factors (In Determinants of
Abuse and Dependence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Steven Shoptaw
7 Behavioral Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Kenneth Silverman, Anthony DeFulio, and Jeffery J. Everly
8 Sociocultural Factors and Their Implications . . . . . . 99
Nady el-Guebaly and Pedro Ruiz

S E C T I O N 3 :
Evaluation
9 Clinical Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
LaVerne Hanes Stevens and Michael L. Dennis
10 Diagnosis and Classification: DSM-IV-TR
and ICD-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
George E. Woody and John Cacciola
11 Diagnostic Laboratory: Screening for
Drug Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Karl G. Verebey and Gerard Meenan

S E C T I O N 4 :
Substances of Abuse
12 Alcohol Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Carlos A. Hernandez-Avila and Henry R. Kranzler
13 Opioids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
David H. Epstein, Karran A. Phillips, and Kenzie L. Preston
14 Cocaine and Crack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Richard P. Paczynski and Mark S. Gold
15 Cannabis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Alan J. Budney, Ryan L. Vandrey, and Stephanie Fearer
16 Amphetamines and Other Stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Kevin P. Hill and Roger D. Weiss
17 Sedative–Hypnotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Domenic A. Ciraulo and Clifford Knapp
18 Hallucinogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Robert N. Pechnick and Kathryn A. Cunningham
19 PCP/Designer Drugs/MDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Una D. McCann
20 Inhalants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Charles W. Sharp, Matthew O. Howard, and Wynne K. Schiffer
21 Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Joy M. Schmitz and Angela L. Stotts
22 Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Laura M. Juliano, Britta L. Anderson, and Roland R. Griffiths
23 Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Laurence M. Westreich

S E C T I O N 5 :
Compulsive and Addictive Behaviors
24 Eating Disorders and Substance
Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Harry A. Brandt, Steven F. Crawford, and
Katherine A. Halmi
25 Pathologic Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Elise E. DeVito and Marc Potenza
26 Sexual Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Virginia A. Sadock
27 Internet Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Philippe Weintraub, Thomas M. Dunn, Joel Yager,
and Zebulon Taintor

S E C T I O N 6 :
Treatment Approaches"
Part 1: Neurobiologic Treatments
28 Methadone Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Andrew J. Saxon and Karen Miotto
29 Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid
Dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
D. Andrew Tompkins and Eric C. Strain
30 Naltrexone Pharmacotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Emily Harrison and Ismene Petrakis
31 Vaccines for Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Frank M. Orson, Mark J. Biscone, Berma M. Kinsey, and
Thomas R. Kosten
32 Acupuncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Ji-Sheng Han and Cai-Lian Cui
33 Alcohol Abstinence Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Richard N. Rosenthal
34 Alternative Pharmacotherapies for Opioid
Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Paul J. Fudala and Rolley E. Johnson
35 Sedative-Hypnotics Abstinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
R.C. Oude Voshaar
36 Nicotine Dependence Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Douglas Ziedonis, David Kalman, Chris W. Johnson,
and Lisa A. Mistler
Part 2: Psychosocial and Other Treatments
37 Self-Help Programs Focused on Substance Use:
Active Ingredients and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Rudolf H. Moos and Christine Timko
38 Alternative Support Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Arthur T. Horvath
39 The Therapeutic Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
William B. O’Brien, J. Gabriel Piedrahita, and Francisco
(Sebastian) P. Bacatan, Jr.
40 Network Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Marc Galanter and Helen Dermatis
41 Individual Psychotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Joan E. Zweben
42 Group Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Arnold M. Washton
43 Family/Couples Approaches to Treatment
Engagement and Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
William Fals-Stewart and Wendy K. K. Lam
44 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Kathleen M. Carroll
45 Contingency Management in the Treatment
of Substance Use Disorders: Trends in
the Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Stephen T. Higgins, Stacey C. Sigmon, and Sarah H. Heil
46 Motivational Interviewing and Enhancement . . . . . 622
Carlo C. DiClemente, Onna R. Van Orden, and
Katherine S. Wright
47 Relapse Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Dennis C. Daley, G. Alan Marlatt, and Antoine Douaihy

S E C T I O N 7 :
Management of Associated
Medical Conditions
48 Maternal and Neonatal Complications of
Alcohol and Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Karol Kaltenbach and Hendrée Jones
49 Medical Complications of Drug Use/Dependence . . 663
Joshua D. Lee, Jennifer McNeely, and Marc N. Gourevitch
50 Psychiatric Complications of HIV-1 Infection
and Drug Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Harold W. Goforth, L. Brett Caram, Jorge Maldonado,
Pedro Ruiz, and Francisco Fernandez
51 Acute and Chronic Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Russell K. Portenoy
52 Substance Use Disorders in Individuals with
Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Sylvia J. Dennison
53 Medication Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
Carolina L. Haass-Koffler and Elinore F. McCance-Katz

S E C T I O N 8 :
Models of Prevention
54 School-Based Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Gilbert J. Botvin and Kenneth W. Griffin
55 Harm Reduction: New Drug Policies and Practices . . 754
Ernest Drucker, Robert G. Newman, Ethan Nadelmann, Alex Wodak,
Daniel Wolfe, David Marsh, Eugene Oscapella, Jennifer Mcneely,
Yujiang Jia, and Kasia Malinowska-Semprucht
56 Work Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
Paul F. Engelhart and Cindy Taormina

S E C T I O N 9 :
Life Cycle
57 Adolescent Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Robert Milin and Selena Walker
58 The Older Drug Abuser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
Bennett W. Fletcher and Wilson M. Compton

S E C T I O N 1 0 :
Special Populations
59 African Americans: Alcohol and Substance
Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
William B. Lawson, Jessica Herrera, and Robert G. Lawson
60 Hispanic Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Pedro Ruiz
61 Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders . . . . . . . . . . . 829
John W. Tsuang and Edmond H. Pi
62 American Indians and Alaska Natives . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Daniel Dickerson
63 Women and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
Shelly F. Greenfield, Sudie E. Back, Katie Lawson, and
Kathleen T. Brady
64 Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Robert Paul Cabaj
65 Incarcerated Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
Timothy W. Kinlock, Michael S. Gordon, and
Robert P. Schwartz
66 Substance Use Disorders among Health Care
Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892
J. Wesley Boyd and John R. Knight
67 The Homeless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
Jacqueline Maus Feldman
68 Disability, Impairment, and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . 908
Stuart Gitlow
69 New Immigrants and Refugees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
Joseph Westermeyer
70 Substance Use in the Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926
Robert M. Bray and Michael R. Pemberton

S E C T I O N 1 1 :
Training and Education
71 Medical Education on Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
Karen Drexler
72 Psychologists: Training and Education . . . . . . . . . . . 949
D. Baron, C.J. Combs, and A.P. Wells
73 Nursing Education in Addictions and
Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957
Betty D. Morgan and Donna M. White, and Colleen T. LaBelle
74 Social Worker Education and Training in the Care of
Persons with Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 965
Michelle Tuten
75 Counselor Training and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
Gregory S. Brigham, Natasha Slesnick, and Grant Schroeder
76 Other Mental Health Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979
E. Akerele, N. Nahar, and J. Cerimele

S E C T I O N 1 2 :
Policy Issues
77 Drug Policy: A Biological Science Perspective . . . . . 988
Robert L. DuPont, Bertha K. Madras, and Per Johansson
78 Substance Abuse Policy and Payment . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
Anita Everett
79 Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019
Ihsan M. Salloum
80 Clinical and Societal Implications of Drug
Legalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034
Benjamin R. Nordstrom and Herbert D. Kleber
81 Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046
Pedro Ruiz and Eric C. Strain