Describing the essential aspects that need to be considered during the deployment and operational phases of 3GPP LTE/SAE networks, this book gives a complete picture of LTE systems, as well as providing many examples from operational networks. It demystifies the structure, functioning, planning and measurements of both the radio and core aspects of the evolved 3G system. The content includes an overview of the LTE/SAE environment, architectural and functional descriptions of the radio and core network, functionality of the LTE applications, international roaming principles, security solutions and network measurement methods. In addition, this book gives essential guidelines and recommendations about the transition from earlier mobile communications systems towards the LTE/SAE era and the next generation of LTE, LTE-Advanced. The book is especially suitable for the operators that face new challenges in the planning and deployment phases of LTE/SAE, and is also useful for network vendors, service providers, telecommunications consultancy companies and technical institutes as it provides practical information about the realities of the system. Presents the complete end-to-end planning and measurement guidelines for the realistic deployment of networks Explains the essential and realistic aspects of commercial LTE systems as well as the future possibilities An essential tool during the development of transition strategies from other network solutions towards LTE/SAE Contains real-world case studies and examples to help readers understand the practical side of the system

Table of Contents:
List of Contributors xv Foreword xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi Glossary xxiii 1 General 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The LTE Scene 1 1.3 The Role of LTE in Mobile Communications 2 1.4 LTE/SAE Deployment Process 3 1.5 The Contents of the Book 7 References 9 2 Drivers for LTE/SAE 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Mobile System Generations 11 2.3 Data Service Evolution 14 2.4 Reasons for the Deployment of LTE 19 2.5 Next Steps of LTE/SAE 20 2.6 Summary of the Benefits of LTE 21 References 21 3 LTE/SAE Overview 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 LTE/SAE Standards 24 3.3 How to Find Information from Specs? 25 3.4 Evolution Path Towards LTE 27 3.5 Key Parameters of LTE 28 3.6 LTE vs WiMAX 29 3.7 Models for Roaming Architecture 29 3.8 LTE/SAE Services 36 3.9 LTE-Advanced--Next Generation LTE 40 References 42 4 Performance Requirements 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 LTE Key Features 45 4.3 Standards LTE Requirements 49 4.4 Effects of the Requirements on the LTE/SAE Network Deployment 60 References 62 5 LTE and SAE Architecture 63 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 Elements 63 5.3 Interfaces 70 5.4 Protocol Stacks 71 5.5 Layer 2 Structure 75 References 77 6 Transport and Core Network 79 6.1 Introduction 79 6.2 Functionality of Transport Elements 79 6.3 Transport Network 83 6.4 Core Network 85 6.5 IP Multimedia Subsystem 86 References 93 7 LTE Radio Network 95 7.1 Introduction 95 7.2 LTE Radio Interface 95 7.3 LTE Spectrum 96 7.4 OFDM and OFDMA 96 7.5 SC-FDM and SC-FDMA 107 7.6 Reporting 108 7.7 LTE Radio Resource Management 111 7.8 RRM Principles and Algorithms Common to UL and DL 113 7.9 Uplink RRM 123 7.10 Downlink RRM 128 7.11 Intra-LTE Handover 132 References 134 8 Terminals and Applications 137 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Effect of Smartphones on LTE 137 8.3 Interworking 139 8.4 LTE Terminal Requirements 143 8.5 LTE Applications 149 References 155 9 Voice Over LTE 157 9.1 Introduction 157 9.2 CS Fallback for Evolved Packet System 158 9.3 SMS Over SGs 159 9.4 Voice and Other CS Services than SMS 164 9.5 Voice and SMS Over IP 169 9.6 Summary 186 References 187 10 Functionality of LTE/SAE 189 10.1 Introduction 189 10.2 States 189 10.3 End-to-End Functionality 199 10.4 LTE/SAE Roaming 200 10.5 Charging 216 References 219 11 LTE/SAE Security 221 11.1 Introduction 221 11.2 LTE Security Risk Identification 222 11.3 LTE/SAE Service Security--Case Example 234 11.4 Authentication and Authorization 238 11.5 Customer Data Safety 239 11.6 Lawful Interception 239 References 242 12 Planning and Deployment of SAE 243 12.1 Introduction 243 12.2 Network Evolution from 2G/3G PS Core to EPC 243 12.3 Entering Commercial Phase: Support for Multi-Mode LTE/3G/2G Terminals with Pre-Release 8 SGSN 245 12.4 SGSN/MME Evolution 248 12.5 Case Example: Commercial SGSN/MME Offering 249 12.6 Mobile Gateway Evolution 250 12.7 Case Example: Commercial GGSN/S-GW/P-GW Offering 251 12.8 EPC Network Deployment and Topology Considerations 252 12.9 LTE Access Dimensioning 254 13 Radio Network Planning 257 13.1 Introduction 257 13.2 Radio Network Planning Process 257 13.3 Nominal Network Planning 260 13.4 Capacity Planning 263 13.5 Coverage Planning 264 13.6 Self-Optimizing Network 271 Reference 272 14 LTE/SAE Measurements 273 14.1 Introduction 273 14.2 General 273 14.3 Principles of Radio Interface Measurements 273 14.4 LTE Field Measurements 282 14.5 Evolution Changes the Rules of Testing 289 14.6 General Test Requirements and Methods for the LTE Air Interface 292 14.7 Test Requirements in SAE 298 14.8 Throughput Testing 300 14.9 Self-Organizing Network Techniques for Test and Measurement 306 14.10 Field Testing 309 References 323 15 Recommendations 325 15.1 Introduction 325 15.2 Transition to LTE--Use Cases 326 15.3 Spectrum Aspects 327 15.4 Effect of the Advanced GSM Features on the Fluent LTE Deployment 343 15.5 Alternative Network Migration Path (Multi-Operator Case) 367 15.6 Hardware Migration Path 376 15.7 Mobile Backhaul--Towards "All-IP" Transport 381 15.8 LTE Interworking with Legacy Networks for the Optimal Voice and Data Services 384 References 405 Index 407