The contents of this book are the presentations of a Symposium on "Memory and Transfer of Information", held at Gottingen, May 24-26, 1972 . One of the main reasons for organizing this Symposium was to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion between sci- entists working in the field as a whole. Most of the pre- vious meetings dealing with memory and transfer of infor- mation have tended to be rather limited in scope. The pres- ent Symposium covered a wide range of topics, including neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, neurochemical, behavioral and clinical aspects of learning and chemical transfer of information, presented by specialists in these areas. The Proceedings of the meeting present a large number of previously unpublished results, e.g., recent experiments in neurophysiology and neurochemistry, new approaches to chemical transfer of learned information, experiments using synthetic scotophobin and drugs influencing learning and behavior. The importance of interdisciplinary discussion is perhaps most clearly emphasized by the advances in neuro- chemical micromethods which are of particular interest to scientists working on the chemical transfer of information. Only such interdisciplinary collaboration between highly specialized scientists guarantees further progress and deeper insight into the complex, and until now little under- stood, mechanisms of that most intricate of organs, the brain. Hans Peter ZIPPEL vii CONTRIBUTORS BRADLEY, P.B. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Birmingham B1S 2TJ, England BYRNE, W. L. ~'; Department of Biochemistry. University of Tennessee. College of Basic Medical Sciences. Memphis. Tennessee 38103. U.S.A. CREUTZFELDT, O.D.

Table of Contents:
Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and Behavior.- Neural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man.- Keywords: brain areas, channel capacity, experience, memory (quantitative limitation of), motivation, reduction of data, selection unit, storage capacity (language).- A Study of Memory in Aged People.- Keywords: aging (normal, pathological), consolidation, digit span, ECT, memory scores, memory tests, Raven's coloured matrices, registration, retention, vocabulary.- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review.- Keywords: electric shock, equivalence, language, learning (bi-modal, conditional, general), matching (cross-modal, within-modal) recognition (cross-modal), stimulus generalisation, transfer (cross-modal, general, specific).- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats.- Keywords: avoidance learning (active two-way), differences (hereditary, learning ability), learning (influenced by: cage, cage population density, seasonal month, sex, strain, time of day), model for psychopharmaca, rat strains (bad learning (BL), good learning (GL), unselected), sex differences, strain differences.- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models.- Keywords: sensitivity (pain), sex differences, strain differences, strain reactivity (against: amphetamine, cataleptics, central muscle relaxants, cholinergics, convulsants, isoprenaline, narcotics, norepinephrine, tetrabenazine, tremorine), strain reactivity in tests (adjuvant arthritis, exploration, pain).- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance.- Keywords: arousal, cognitive activities, conditioning (conditioned behavior, conditioned reflexes), cortex (sensorimotor), discriminant analysis, discrimination, EEG (frequency bands, spectra and spectral analysis, genetic influences, theta activity), hippocampus (dorsal), intercorrelation, learning, memory (genetic, immunological, mnemonic trace), motivation, orienting.- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information.- Keywords: amphetamine (attention task performance, human and rabbit EEG, with ethanol), arousal, attention task (acquisition and performance with nicotine and amphetamine), EEG (cortical activation, cortical-hippocampal relationships, cortical-reticular formation relationships, quantitative amplitude analysis), hippocampus, hyperkinetic children, learning (attention task, retrieval, state dependent, storage), limbic system, nicotine (effects on EEG, performance and acquisition), reticular formation, sleep.- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory.- Keywords: atropine, Brom-LSD, chlorpromazine, drugs (acting centrally, effects on reversal learning and performance), 5-HTP, LSD 25, pentobarbitone, physostigmine, psiloybin.- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning.- Keywords: body rotation, cerebellectomy, compensatory mechanisms, eye nystagmus, head deviation, hemispherectomy, labyrinthine lesion, long and short term compensation, neuroleptic drugs, pharmacological investigations, transection of spinal cord, vestibular system.- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus).- Keywords: general activity and drugs, training (shock-free, color differentiation), training effects (of amphetamine, fencamphamine and pyrithioxine).- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle.- Keywords: hindlimb muscle (cat, kitten), motor nerve axons (number of, diameter), motor unit, muscle (soleus, FHL), muscle fiber (diameter, age dependency), polyneuronal innervation, synaptic plasticity, tetanic tension (contraction), twitch muscle.- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning "Memory".- Keywords: cortical column, filter functions (cortical), inhibitory mechanisms (and learning), limbic system, McCollough-effect, motor output, sensory input.- Transfer of Acquired Information.- The Structure of the "Memory-Code-Word" Scotophobin.- Keywords: carboxypeptidase, dark avoidance test (scotophobin), gel filtration, mass spectrometry, microdansylation, peptide, scotophobin (structure, synthesis, biological activity, dose response curve), thin layer chromatography.- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information.- Keywords: behavioral bioassay (specificity), chemical transfer of information, chemo-specificity of pathways, interanimal transfer of learned behavior, learning (chemical correlates, impairment by metabolic inhibitors), molecular code (hypotheses), peptides (inducing color avoidance, motor adaptation and sound habituation), scotophobin(chemical detection, regional distribution in brain).- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer.- Keywords: emotionality, fear, memory, memory transfer, planarians, polypeptide, RNA, scotophobin.- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca).- Keywords: dark avoidance and preference, donors, dose response, intracranial and intraperitoneal injection, light (light/darkness rhythm, tolerance), peptides, scotophobin, transfer effect.- Peptides and Behavior.- Keywords: ACTH, ACTH analogues, ACTH4-10, active and passive avoidance behavior, appetitive behavior, conditioned dark avoidance, desglycinamide lysine vasopressin, D-isomer ACTH analogues, hypophysectomy, light-dark preference, long term effect, lysine vasopressin, MSH, open field behavior, pituitary neurogenic peptides, pole jumping avoidance, posterior lobectomy, pitressin, resistance to extinction, scotophobin-1ike peptides, shuttle-box avoidance.- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin.- Keywords: dark avoidance (mechanism of), microdansylation, scotophobin (analogues of, localization in neural tissue).- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information.- Keywords: chicken, goldfish (maze learning), mice, saccharin, taste aversion, transfer of information, X-ray.- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish.- Keywords: audiogenic seizure (priming for), injection site, massed training of fish, oxygen reinforced training, shuttle box for fish, Skinner box, transfer (active component of extracts used in, in fish, in rodents, of alternation, of priming for audiogenic seizure, of right-left discrimination, RNA extracts in, specificity of, types of extract used in).- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the "Critical Period", from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the "Critical Period".- Keywords: cichlids (mouthbreeding), critical period, imprinting, linking behavior, transfer (of genetically controlled behavior).- Neurochemistry.- Neurochemical Micromethods.- Keywords: antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis, electrical stimulation (effect on amino acids and 14C-glucose metabolism), enzyme kinetics of dehydrogenase, feedback neurons, fresh weight determination, high speed capillary centrifugation, LDH isoenzymes in brain regions, micro determination (of phospholipids, amino acids, GABA and serotonin), micro disc electrophoresis, micro dialysis, micro homogenisation, micro-immunopreci pitation, mi croisoelectri c focussing, nerve cell isolation, polymerase-template complexes, post tetanic potentiation, proteins (of different brain regions, snail neurons and rabbit egg), quantitative cytophotometry, SI00 protein, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior.- Keywords: anti-S100-protein antiserum and behavior, brain areas and incorporation of labelled leucine, Ca-increase and conformation state of SI00 protein, Ca, S100 protein and information storage, hippocampus and behavior, plasma membrane protein, SI00 protein and behavior.- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain.- Keywords: adrenalectomy conditioning, emotional responses, histones, hypophysectomy, nuclear proteins (fractionation, isolation), performance, phosphoserine, protein phosphorylation, radioactive phosphate.- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity.- Keywords: acetylcholine, 6-azauracil, brightness discrimination, consolidation, cortex, cycloheximide, electroconvulsive shock, hippo-campus, KAMIN-effect, memory (intermediate, short and long term), messenger metabolites, nuclear and synaptosomal regulation, orotic acid, purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, RNA and protein synthesis, uridine-5?-monophosphate.- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts.- Keywords: autoradiography, cerebellum, histidine, optic system, optic tectum, protein (soluble, structural), scintillation counting, stimulation (adequate, electrical, inadequate, light-pattern, motor), uridine, valvula cerebell.- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.- Keywords: activity (specific), age, amphetamine, blood-brain barrier, DNA, EEG (changes), gel filtration, glucose (transport, utilization), memory (impaired), naftidrofuryl, patient (depressive), pentobarbital, phosphate, protein (metabolism, synthesis), pyritinol, RNA (base ratio, density gradient analysis, differences, fractions, high molecular weight salt soluble (toss) RNA, messenger (m) RNA, metabolism, P-incorporation, precursors, purification, rapidly labelled RNA, residual (res.) RNA, ribosomal (r) RNA, synthesis, transfer (t) RNA, turnover), vigilance.