This fourth edition of Alan E. Kazdin amp rsquo s classic text is, like its predecessors, intended to help students and professionals alike master a wide range of methodological approaches to examining clinical issues and phenomena. The goal is to help the reader design, conduct, recognize, and appreciate high quality research, and recognize the implications of crucial decisions about methodology and design. Articles cover a comprehensive array of topics, including experimental design the principles, procedures, and practices that govern research assessment of study constructs and their interrelationships potential sources of artifact and bias methods of data analysis and interpretation ethical issues and the nuts and bolts of writing research articles and getting published. With 2 new articles and significantly revised and expanded introductory material, this revamped edition features scholarly contributions that explicate core concepts, survey contemporary issues in research, and examine ethical responsibilities toward both research participants and science itself. New additions include articles on translational and qualitative research, advances in data collection methods such as Amazon amp rsquo s Mechanical Turk service and obtaining client feedback in psychotherapy, advances in mathematical and statistical modeling including single-case interventions, and new chapters addressing questionable research practices and fraud.

Table of Contents:
Contributors Preface Part I. Introduction: Overview and Background Chapter . Methodology: What It Is and Why It Is So Important Alan E. Kazdin Part II. Beginning the Research Process Research Ideas Chapter 2. Beginning the Research Process: Key Concepts That Can Guide a Study Alan E. Kazdin Chapter 3. Getting Out of Our Conceptual Ruts: Strategies for Expanding Conceptual Frameworks Allan W. Wicker Chapter 4. Translational Research Michael T. Bardo and Mary Ann Pentz Foci of Research Chapter 5. In Defense of External Invalidity Douglas G. Mook Chapter . When Small Effects Are Impressive Deborah A. Prentice and Dale T. Miller Part III. Sampling and Assigning Participants to Conditions Samples and Selection of Participants Chapter 7. Most People Are Not WEIRD Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine, and Ara Norenzayan Chapter 8. The Neglected 95%: Why American Psychology Needs to Become Less American Jeffrey J. Arnett Chapter 9. Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data? Michael Buhrmester, Tracy Kwang, and Samuel D. Gosling Randomization and Group Equivalence Chapter . Random Sampling, Randomization, and Equivalence of Contrasted Groups in Psychotherapy Outcome Research Louis M. Hsu Research Design Options Chapter . Experimental and Observational Designs: An Overview Alan E. Kazdin Part IV. Assessment Measurement Development, Reliability, and Validity Chapter 2. Constructing Validity: Basic Issues in Objective Scale Development Lee Anna Clark and David Watson Chapter 3. Selecting Measures for Research Investigations Alan E. Kazdin Chapter 4. Measurement and Assessment: An Editorial View Cecil R. Reynolds Measurement Among Diverse Samples Chapter 5. Methodological Issues in Assessment Research With Ethnic Minorities Sumie Okazaki and Stanley Sue Part V. Data Analysis, Evaluation, and Presentation Background and Underpinnings of Data Analyses Chapter . On the Origins of the . 5 Level of Statistical Significance Michael Cowles and Caroline Davis Chapter 7. Things I Have Learned (So Far) Jacob Cohen Null Hypotheses Testing, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Statistics Chapter 8. A Power Primer Jacob Cohen Chapter 9. Statistical Significance Testing and Cumulative Knowledge in Psychology: Implications for Training of Researchers Frank L. Schmidt Chapter 2 . An Effect Size Primer: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers Christopher J. Ferguson Chapter 2 . The Proof of the Pudding: An Illustration of the Relative Strengths of Null Hypothesis, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Analysis George S. Howard, Scott E. Maxwell, and Kevin J. Fleming Data Presentation Chapter 22. Designing Better Graphs by Including Distributional Information and Integrating Words, Numbers, and Images David M. Lane and Anik amp oacute S amp aacute ndor Part VI. Special Topics: Evaluation in Clinical Practice and Research Assessment and Evaluation in Clinical Work Chapter 23. Collecting Client Feedback Michael J. Lambert and Kenichi Shimokawa Chapter 24. Revisiting and Reenvisioning the Outcome Problem in Psychotherapy: An Argument to Include Individualized and Qualitative Measurement Clara E. Hill, Harold Chui, and Ellen Baumann Evaluating Interventions Chapter 25. Beyond Efficacy and Effectiveness: A Multifaceted Approach to Treatment Evaluation Timothy D. Nelson and Ric G. Steele Chapter 2 . Methodological Challenges in Treatment Outcome Research With Ethnic Minorities Anna S. Lau, Doris F. Chang, and Sumie Okazaki Part VII. Multiple Methodologies Chapter 27. The Epistemology of Mathematical and Statistical Modeling: A Quiet Methodological Revolution Joseph Lee Rodgers Chapter 28. Qualitative Research and Its Place in Psychological Science Anna Madill and Brendan Gouge Chapter 29. Single-Case Experimental Research Designs Alan E. Kazdin Part VIII. Ethical Issues and Scientific Integrity Guidelines and Codes Chapter 3 . Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct American Psychological Association Chapter 3 . Research Ethics: How to Treat People Who Participate in Research Ezekiel Emanuel, Emily Abdoler, and Leanne Stunkel Chapter 32. Research Ethics for Mental Health Science Involving Ethnic Minority Children and Youths Celia B. Fisher, Kimberly Hoagwood,Cheryl Boyce, Troy Duster, Deborah A. Frank, Thomas Grisso, Robert J. Levine, Ruth Macklin, Margaret Beale Spencer, Ruby Takanishi, Joseph E. Trimble, and Luis H. Zayas Questionable Research Practices, Fraud, and Professional Responsibilities Chapter 33. False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant Joseph P. Simmons, Leif D. Nelson, and Uri Simonsohn Chapter 34. Why Has the Number of Scientific Retractions Increased? R. Grant Steen, Arturo Casadevall, and Ferric C. Fang Chapter 35. Best Practices for Allocating Appropriate Credit and Responsibility to Authors of Multi-Authored Articles Lucas D. Eggert Part IX. Reproducibility of Findings: Replication and Improving Research Practices Chapter 3 . Shall We Really Do It Again? The Powerful Concept of Replication is Neglected in the Social Sciences Stefan Schmidt Chapter 37. The Empirical March: Making Science Better at Self-Correction Matthew C. Makel Chapter 38. Recommendations for Increasing Replicability in Psychology Jens B. Asendorpf, Mark Conner, Filip de Fruyt, Jan De Houwer, Jaap J. A. Denissen, Klaus Fiedler, Susann Fiedler, David C. Funder, Reinhold Kliegl, Brian A. Nosek, Marco Perugini, Brent W. Roberts, Manfred Schmitt, Marcel A. G. van Aken, Hannelore Weber, and Jelte M. Wicherts Part X. Publication and Communication of Research Reporting Standards: What to Cover and Include in an Article Chapter 39. Reporting Standards for Research in Psychology: Why Do We Need Them? What Might They Be? APA Publications and Communications Board Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards Preparing Articles for Publication Chapter 4 . Publication and Communication of Research Findings Alan E. Kazdin Chapter 4 . Writing a Review Article for Psychological Bulletin Daryl J. Bem Part XI. Perspectives on Methodology Chapter 42. Methodology: Perspectives and General Lessons to Guide Research Alan E. Kazdin Index About the Editor