Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer Discover a complete treatment of microcomputer programming and application development with Arduino and 3D printers Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer: Learn, Program, Manufacture delivers a comprehensive guide to learning microcontrollers that’s perfectly suited to educators, researchers, and manufacturers. The book provides readers with a seasoned expert’s perspective on the process of microcomputer programming and application development. Carefully designed and written example code and explanatory figures accompany the text, helping the reader fully understand and retain the concepts described within. The book focuses on demonstrating how to craft creative and innovative solutions in embedded systems design by providing practical and illustrative methods and examples. An accompanying website includes functioning and tested source code and learning exercises and the book relies on freeware development tools for the creation of firmware and software code, 3D printed enclosures, and debugging. It allows the reader to work with modern sensors and collect sensor data to a host PC for offline analysis. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the art of embedded computers, including their interdisciplinarity, TPACK analysis, and the impact of microcontroller technology on the maker industry An exploration of embedded programming with Arduino, including number representation and special-function codes and C common language reference A discussion of hardware interfaces with the outside world, including digital pin interface, analog pin interface, UART serial interface, I2C, and SPI A treatment of sensors and data acquisition, including environmental measurements with Arduino Uno, orientation and motion detection with Teensy, gesture recognition with TinyZero, and color sensing with Micro:bit A variety of supplementary resources—including source codes and examples—hosted on an accompanying website to be maintained by the author: www.mikroct.com. Perfect for researchers and undergraduate students in electrical and electronic engineering or computer engineering, Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer: Learn, Program, Manufacture will also earn a place in the libraries of hardware engineers, embedded system designers, system engineers, and electronic engineers.

Table of Contents:
About the Author xi List of Figures xii List of Tables xxvi Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxx Abbreviations xxxi Syllabus xxxv 1 The Art of Embedded Computers 1 Overview of Embedded Computers and Their Interdisciplinarity 1 Computer vs. Embedded Computer Programming and Application Development 2 Group 1: Programmable Logic Devices 3 Group 2: Reconfigurable Computers 4 Group 3: Microcomputers 4 Group 4: Single-Board Computers 6 Group 5: Mobile Computing Devices 6 TPACK Analysis Toward Teaching and Learning Microcomputers 7 TPACK Analysis of the Interdisciplinary Microcontroller Technology 7 Content Knowledge (The What) 8 Technology Knowledge (The Why) 9 Pedagogical Knowledge (The How) 11 From Computational Thinking (CT) to Micro-CT (μCT) 12 CT Requirement and Embedded Computers 13 Microcomputers and Abstraction Process 14 The μCT Concept: An Onion Learning Framework 15 “Transparent” Teaching Methods 17 The Impact of Microcontroller Technology on the Maker Industry 19 Hardware Advancement in μC Technology 20 Software Advancement in μC Technology 23 The Impact of Arduino on the μC Community 23 Where Is Creativity in Embedded Computing Devices Hidden? 26 Creativity in Mobile Computing Devices: Travel Light, Innovate Readily! 26 Communication with the Outside World: Sensors, Actuators, and Interfaces 28 Conclusion 30 2 Embedded Programming with Arduino 31 Number Representation and Special-Function Codes 31 Arduino and C Common Language Reference 34 Working with Data (Variables, Constants, and Arrays) 36 Arduino UART Interface to the Outside World (Printing Data) 39 Arduino Ex.2–1 40 Arduino Ex.2–2 44 Program Flow of Control (Arithmetic and Bitwise Operations) 47 Arduino UART Interface (Flow of Control and Arithmetic/Bitwise Examples) 52 Arduino Ex.2–3 52 Arduino Ex.2–4 53 Arduino Ex.2–5 54 Arduino Ex.2–6 59 Arduino Ex.2–7 63 Code Decomposition (Functions and Directives) 69 Arduino Ex.2–8 69 Conclusion 72 Problem 2–1 (Data Output from the μC Device: Datatypes and Bytes Reserved by the hw) 73 Problem 2–2 (Data Output from the μC Device: Logical Operators in Control Flow) 73 Problem 2–3 (Data Input to the μC Device: Arithmetic and Bitwise Operations) 73 Problem 2–4 (Code Decomposition) 73 3 Hardware Interface with the Outside World 75 Digital Pin Interface 75 Arduino Ex.3.1 76 Arduino Ex.3.2 77 Arduino Ex.3.3 81 Arduino Ex.3.4 82 Arduino Ex.3.5 84 Analog Pin Interface 86 Arduino Ex.3.6 87 Arduino Ex.3.7 91 Interrupt Pin Interface 91 Arduino Ex.3.8 94 UART Serial Interface 96 Arduino Ex.3.9 97 Arduino Ex.3.10 98 Arduino Ex.3.11 99 SPI Serial Interface 101 Arduino Ex.3.12 103 Arduino Ex.3.13 110 Arduino Ex.3.14 115 Arduino Ex.3.15 121 I2C Serial Interface 122 Arduino Ex.3.16 125 Arduino Ex.3.17 130 Arduino Ex.3.18 135 Arduino Ex.3.19 142 Conclusion 146 Problem 3.1 (Data Input and Output to/from the μC Using Push-Button and LED IO Units) 147 Problem 3.2 (PWM) 147 Problem 3.3 (UART, SPI, I2C) 147 4 Sensors and Data Acquisition 149 Environmental Measurements with Arduino Uno 149 Arduino Ex.4–1 150 DAQ Accompanying Software of the Ex.4–1 157 DAQ Accompanying Software with Graphical Monitoring Feature Via gnuplot 166 Arduino Ex.4–2 169 Orientation, Motion, and Gesture Detection with Teensy 3.2 171 Arduino Ex.4–3 173 Arduino Ex.4–4 174 Arduino Ex.4–5 177 Arduino Ex.4–6 184 DAQ Accompanying Software for Orientation, Motion, and Gesture Detection with gnuplot 191 Real Time Monitoring with Open GL 193 Distance Detection and 1D Gesture Recognition with TinyZero 200 Arduino Ex.4–7 201 Arduino Ex.4–8 205 DAQ Accompanying Software for Distance Measurements 209 Color Sensing and Wireless Monitoring with Micro:bit 211 Arduino Ex.4–9 212 Arduino Ex.4–10 216 Open GL Example Applying to RGB Sensing 220 Arduino Ex.4–11 222 Conclusion 226 Problem 4–1 (Data Acquisition of Atmospheric Pressure) 226 Problem 4–2 (Fusion of Linear Acceleration and Barometric Altitude) 226 Problem 4–3 (1D Gesture Recognition) 226 Problem 4–4 (Color Sensing) 226 5 Tinkering and Prototyping with 3D Printing Technology 227 Tinkering with a Low-cost RC Car 227 Arduino Ex.5.1 231 Arduino Ex.5.2 236 A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play 237 Hardware Boards of the Prototype System 238 Assembly Process of the 3D Printed Parts of the System’s Enclosure 243 Firmware Code Design and User Instructions 249 Arduino Ex.5.3 250 Arduino Ex.5.4 253 Arduino Ex.5.5 256 Arduino Ex.5.6 260 3D Printing 262 Modeling 3D Objects with FreeCAD Software 262 Preparing the 3D Prints with Ultimaker Cura Software 269 3D Printing with Prima Creator P120 272 Presentation of the Rest 3D Models of the Prototype Interactive Game 276 PrototypeB (Modeling the battery.stl Part) 276 PrototypeC (Modeling the booster.stl Part) 278 PrototypeD (Modeling the speaker.stl Part) 283 PrototypeE (Modeling the cover.stl Part) 284 PrototypeF (Modeling the button.stl Part) 287 PrototypeG (Modeling the sensor.stl Part) 290 PrototypeH (Modeling the front.stl Part) 290 Conclusion 294 Problem 5.1 (Tinkering with a Low-cost RC Car) 294 Problem 5.2 (A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play) 294 Problem 5.3 (A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play) 295 Problem 5.4 (A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play) 296 Problem 5.5 (3D Printing) 296 References 297 Index 301