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Morphine: 6-Monoacetylmorphine, Analgesic, Heroin, Opiate, Opioid, Opium, Papaver Somniferum(English)

Morphine: 6-Monoacetylmorphine, Analgesic, Heroin, Opiate, Opioid, Opium, Papaver Somniferum(English)

          
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About the Book

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 52. Chapters: 6-Monoacetylmorphine, Analgesic, Heroin, Opiate, Opioid, Opium, Papaver somniferum. Excerpt: Opium (poppy tears, lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Opium contains approximately 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The latex also includes codeine and non-narcotic alkaloids such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine. The traditional method of obtaining the latex is to scratch ("score") the immature seed pods (fruits) by hand; the latex leaks out and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off. The modern method is to harvest and process mature plants by machine. "Meconium" historically referred to related, weaker preparations made from other parts of the poppy or different species of poppies. The production of opium itself has not changed since ancient times. Through selective breeding of the Papaver somniferum plant, the content of the phenanthrene alkaloids morphine, codeine, and to a lesser extent thebaine, has been greatly increased. In modern times, much of the thebaine, which often serves as the raw material for the synthesis for hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and other semi-synthetic opiates, originates from extracting Papaver orientale or Papaver bracteatum. Opium for illegal use is often converted into heroin, which is less bulky, making it easier to smuggle, and which multiplies its potency to approximately twice that of morphine. Heroin can be taken by intravenous injection, intranasally, or smoked (vaporized) and inhaled. Apothecary vessel for storage of opium as a pharmaceutical, Germany, 18th or 19th centuryCultivation of opium poppies for food, anaesthesia, and ritual purposes dates back to at least the Neolithic Age (new stone age). The Sumerian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Indian, Minoan, Greek, Roman, Persian and Arab Empires all made widespread use of opium, which was the most potent form of pain relief then available, allowing ancient surgeons to perform prolonged surgical procedures. Opium is mentione


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781156834756
  • Publisher: Books LLC, Wiki Series
  • Publisher Imprint: Books LLC, Wiki Series
  • Height: 246 mm
  • No of Pages: 54
  • Series Title: English
  • Sub Title: 6-Monoacetylmorphine, Analgesic, Heroin, Opiate, Opioid, Opium, Papaver Somniferum
  • Width: 189 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1156834759
  • Publisher Date: 23 Apr 2013
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 3 mm
  • Weight: 113 gr


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