This book collects essays on the political economy of Brazil, focusing on the federal administrations led by the Workers’ Party (PT), under Presidents Lula and Dilma Rousseff. The essays examine the economic, political, and social aspects of these governments, and a whole spectrum of policies implemented – or not – between 2003 and 2016, with implications for the subsequent period up to, and including, the administration led by Jair Bolsonaro. It is shown that those governments were neoliberal, but in different ways when compared with other administrations in that country. Their similarities and differences are examined in detail. Contributors are: Adalmir Antonio Marquetti, Alessandro Miebach, Alfredo Saad-Filho, Ana Paula Colombi, André Singer, Andréia Galvão, Armando Boito Jr, Barbara Fritz, Cecilia Hoff, Célio Hiratuka, Claudio Castelo Branco Puty, Cristhiane Falchetti, Daniela Magalhães Prates, Denise Gentil, Eduardo Fagnani, Fabiano Santos, Fabio Luis Barbosa dos Santos, Glaison Augusto Guerrero, Guilherme Mello, Gustavo Codas Friedmann, Humberto Martins, José Dari Krein, Lena Lavinas, Lucas Salvador, Andrietta, Luiz Fernando de Paula, Luiz Filgueiras, Marcelo Arend, Patrícia Rocha Lemos, Paula Marcelino, Pedro Cezar Dutra Fonseca, Pedro Mendes Loureiro, Pedro Paulo Zuluth Bastos, Pedro Rossi, Rafael Moura, Ruy Braga, and Soraia Aparecida Cardozo.

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Notes on Contributors Introduction   Alfredo Saad-Filho 1 Shades of Neoliberalism Brazil under the Workers’ Party (2003–2020)   Alfredo Saad-Filho 2 Capitalist Development and Macroeconomic Policy Regimes in Brazil since 1994   Luiz Filgueiras 3 Varieties of Developmentalism A Critical Assessment of the pt Governments   Daniela Magalhães Prates, Barbara Fritz and Luiz Fernando de Paula 4 Puzzles of Economic Growth and Crisis under the Workers’ Party Governments   Pedro Cezar Dutra Fonseca, Marcelo Arend and Glaison Augusto Guerrero 5 Sailing against the Wind The Rise and Crisis of a Low-Conflict Progressivism   Gustavo Codas Friedmann and Claudio A. Castelo Branco Puty 6 The Growth Model of the pt Governments A Furtadian View of the Limits of Recent Brazilian Development   Pedro Rossi, Guilherme Mello and Pedro Paulo Zahluth Bastos 7 The Brazilian Crises Profits, Distribution and Growth   Adalmir Antonio Marquetti, Cecilia Hoff and Alessandro Miebach 8 Why Bolsonarism Should Be Characterized as Neofascism   Armando Boito Jr. 9 The Failure of Dilma Rousseff’s Developmentalist Experiment   André Singer 10 The Political Economy of Lulism and Its Aftermath   Ruy Braga and Fábio Luis Barbosa dos Santos 11 Assessing the Developmentalist Character of the Workers’ Party Government Project   Luiz Fernando de Paula, Fabiano Santos and Rafael Moura 12 The Limits of Dependency The Foreign Policy of Rouseff’s Administration   Pedro Paulo Zahluth Bastos and Célio Hiratuka 13 Brazilian Labor Market From the Workers’ Party Administrations to the Bolsonaro Government   Ana Paula Fregnani Colombi and José Dari Krein 14 A Poverty-Reducing Variety of Neoliberalism? The Workers’ Party Distributive Policies   Pedro Mendes Loureiro 15 Brazilian Unions in the Twenty-First Century   Andréia Galvão and Paula Marcelino 16 Social Policy since Rousseff Misrepresentation and Marginalization   Lena Lavinas and Denise Gentil 17 The Reform of Pensions under the Workers’ Party Shades of Commodification   Lucas Salvador Andrietta, Patrícia Rocha Lemos and Eduardo Fagnani 18 The Housing Policy under the pt Governments Between the Social Inclusion and the Commodification   Cristhiane Falchetti 19 Tackling Regional Inequalities under the Workers’ Party Advances and Limitations   Soraia Aparecida Cardozo and Humberto Martins Index