High-temperature corrosion is a major problem affecting sectors such as the power generation, aerospace and metal-working industries. This important book summarizes a wide range of research on ways of dealing with this important problem. The first part of the book reviews ways of modifying alloys to improve high-temperature corrosion resistance. The second part discusses surface treatments such as pre-treatments and coatings. The third part of the book summarizes research on testing for high-temperature corrosion resistance and the development of common testing standards. It also reviews research on the behavior of alloys in a wide range of service conditions such as furnace and boiler environments. The final part of the book discusses ways of modelling high-temperature corrosion processes to improve material performance and service life. With its distinguished editors and team of contributors drawn from some of the leading centers of research in the field, Novel approaches to improving high-temperature corrosion resistance will be a standard reference for all those studying and dealing with high-temperature corrosion.

Table of Contents:
PART 1 ALLOY MODIFICATION Design Strategies For Oxidation-Resistant Intermetallic And Advanced Metallic Alloys M P Brady, P F Tortorelli, K L More, E A Payzant, B L Armstrong, H-T Lin and M J Lance, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, F Huang and M L Weaver, University of Alabama, USA - Introduction - Self-graded metallic precursor coating concepts - Surface modification approaches - Functional surface formation by gas reactions - Concluding remarks - Acknowledgements - References Alloying With Copper To Reduce Metal Dusting Rates J Zhang, D M I Cole and D J Young, University of New South Wales, Australia - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Performance Of Candidate Gas Turbine Abradeable Seal Materials In High Temperature Combustion Atmospheres N J Simms, Cranfield University, J F Norton, Consultant and G McColvin, Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd., UK - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Two Calculations Concerning The Critical Aluminium Content In Fe-20Cr-5Al Alloys G Strehl and G Borchardt, Institut für Metallurgie, P Beaven, GKSS-Forschungszentrum, Germany, B Lesage, Université Paris XI, France - Introduction - The critical aluminium content - Three-dimensional Al depletion profile - Conclusions - Acknowledgments - References The Different Role Of Alloy Grain Boundaries On The Oxidation Mechanisms Of Cr-Containing Steels And Ni-Base Alloys At High Temperatures V B Trindade and U Krupp, University of Applied Science and PhE-G Wagenhuber, S Yang and H-J Christ, Universität Siegen, Germany - Introduction - Materials and experimental methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgments - References Improving Metal Dusting Resistance Of Ni-Cr-X Alloys By An Addition Of Cu Y Nishiyama, K Moriguchi, N Otsuka and T Kudo, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan - Introduction - Experimental methods - Theoretical analysis - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - References PART 2 SURFACE TREATMENT Effects Of Minor Additions And Impurities On Oxidation Behaviour Of Fecral Alloys Development Of Novel Surface Coatings Compositions (SMILER) V Kochubey, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, H Al-Badairy and G Tatlock, University of Liverpool, UK, J Le-Coze, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France, D Naumenko, W J Quadakkers, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results and discussion - Alloys with adhesive mode of scale spallation: "MRef", "+C" - Alloys with cohesive mode of scale spallation: "+Zr", "+Hf" - Implications for alloy/coating development - Conclusions - Acknowledgments - References Lifetime Extension Of Fecraire-Alloys In Air. Potential Role Of Enhanced Al Reservoir And Surface Pre-Treatments (SMILER) J R Nicholls, M J Bennett and N J Simms, Cranfield University, UK, H Hattendorf, Thyssen Krupp VDM, Germany, D Britton and A J Smith, Diffusion Alloys Ltd., UK, W J Quadakkers, D Naumenko and V Kochubey, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, R Fordham and R Bachorczyk, JRC Petten, The Netherlands, D Goossens, Bekaert Technology Centre, Belgium - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Air oxidation of foil and sheet coupons - Air oxidation of near real-service components - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Effect Of Gas Composition And Contaminants On The Lifetime Of Surface-Treated Fecraire Alloys (SMILER) G J Tatlock and H Al-Badairy, University of Liverpool, UK, R Bachorczyk and R Fordham, JRC, Petten, The Netherlands - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Development of Novel Diffusion Coatings For 9-12% Cr Ferritic-Martensitic Steels (SUNASPO) V Rohr and M Schütze, Karl-Winnacker-Institut, Germany, E Fortuna and D N Tsipas, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, A Milewska and F J Pérez, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain - Introduction - Experimental methods - Experimental results - Discussion - Conclusion - Acknowledgement - References Steam Oxidation And Its Potential Effects On Creep Strength Of Power Station Materials (SUNASPO) M Schütze and V Rohr, Karl-Winnacker-Institut der DECHEMA e.V, L N Hierro, P J Ennis and W J Quadakkers, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany - Introduction - Steam oxidation tests - Model alloys - Effect of oxidation on creep behaviour - Creep tests on oxidised Alloy 800 and P92 - Acknowledgement - References The Erosion-Corrosion Resistance Of Aluminized And Uncoated 9% Chromium Ferritic Steels Under Fluidized-Bed Conditions At Elevated Temperature (SUNASPO) E Huttunen-Saarivirta, Institute of Materials Science, Finland, S Kalidakis and F H Stott, Corrosion and Protection Centre, UMIST, UK, V Rohr and M Schütze, Karl-Winnacker-Institut der DECHEMA e.V, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Silicon Surface Treatment Via CVD Of The Inner Surface Of Steel Pipes K Berreth, K Maile and A Lyutovich, Universität Stuttgart, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results and discussion - Conclusion - Acknowledgment - References Performance Of Thermal Barrier Coatings On G-Tial R Braun, German Aerospace Center (DLR), C Leyens, Technical University of Brandenburg at Cottbus and M Fröhlich, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results and discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgments - References Looking For Surface Treatments With Potential Industrial Use In High Temperature Oxidation Conditions G Bonnet, J M Brossard and J Balmain, University of La Rochelle, France - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Conclusion - References - Acknowledgment PART 3 TEST METHODS AND SERVICE CONDITIONS Reliable Assessment Of High Temperature Oxidation Resistance By The Development Of A Comprehensive Code Of Practice For Thermal Cycling Oxidation Testing (COTEST) M Schütze and M Malessa, Karl-Winnacker-Institut der DECHEMA e.V, Germany - Introduction - The Concept of COTEST - Work package 1: Evaluation of current test procedures and experimental facilities for cyclic oxidation testing - Work package 2: Evaluation of existing cyclic oxidation data available from the literature and those supplied by the various project contractors - Work package 3: Development of a set of test procedures suitable for standardisation - Work package 4: Reference materials in the test programme - Work package 5: Experimental investigation of selected materials under cyclic oxidation conditions and evaluation of oxidation behaviour - Work package 6: Development of a draft code of practice - Work package 7: Experimental validation of the draft code of practice - Work package 8: Formulation and fine-tuning of the final version of the code of practice - Concluding remarks - Acknowledgement - References Variation In Cyclic Oxidation Testing Practice And Data: The European Situation Before COTEST S Osgerby, Alston Power, Formerly National Physical Laboratory, UK, R Pettersson, Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Sweden - Introduction - Methodology - Differences in testing practice - Cyclic oxidation data - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Designing Experiments For Maximum Information From Cyclic Oxidation Tests And Their Statistical Analysis Using Half Normal Plots (COTEST) S Y Coleman, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, J R Nicholls, Cranfield University, UK - Introduction - Experimental method and response summaries - Influential parameters - Design of experiments, results and operational observations - Analysis of results for Alloy 800 - Orthogonal contrasts - Synergies - Method of half normal plotting - Prediction of oxidation trends - Summary - Appendices - References Influence Of Cycling Parameter Variation In Thermal Cyclic Oxidation Of High Temperature Materials (COTEST) L Niewolak, M Schütze and M Malessa Karl-Winnacker-Institut der DECHEMA e.V, Germany, S Y Coleman, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, W J Quadakkers, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgement - References Rapid Cyclic Oxidation Tests, Using Joule Heating Of Wire And Foil Materials (COTEST) J R Nicholls and T Rose, Cranfield University, UK, R Hojda, Thyssen Krupp VDM GmbH, Germany - Introduction - Background - Design of a joule heated ultra-short dwell cycle test facility capable of materials testing in controlled environments - Statistical design of a test matrix to investigate critical parameters controlling ultra-short dwell cyclic oxidation tests - Statistical analysis of the rapid thermal cycle tests on Kanthal A1 wire/foil samples tested in laboratory air - Conclusions - Acknowledgement - References Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue - The Route To Standardisation (TMF-STANDARD) T Beck, Universität Karlsruhe, Germany, P Hähner, Joint Research Centre, The Netherlands, H-J Kühn, BAM, Labor V 21, Germany, C Rae, University of Cambridge, UK, E E Affeldt, MTU AeroEngines GmbH & Co. KG, Germany, H Andersson, SIMR, Sweden, A Köster, ENMSP/ARMINES, France; M Marchionni, CNR-IENI – TEMPE, Italy - Introduction - Test material - Reference TMF-cycle - Pre-normative research work - Conclusions and outlook - References Oxidation Behaviour Of Fe-Cr-AI Alloys During Resistance And Furnace Heating H Echsler, Forschungszentrum Jülich, H Hattendorf, Thyssen Krupp, VDM GmbH, L Singheiser and W J Quadakkers, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - References Service Conditions And Their Influence On The Oxide Scale Formation On Metallic High Temperature Alloys For The Application In Innovative Combustion Processes G Teneva-Kosseva, H Köhne and H Ackermann, Oel-Wärme-Institut GmbH, M Spähn, S Richter and J Mayer, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusion - References Reducing Superheater Corrosion In Wood-Fired Boilers P J Henderson, C Andersson, H Kassman and J Högberg, Vattenfall Research and Development, P Szakálos and R Pettersson, Corrosion and Metals Research Institute, Sweden - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Hot Erosion Wear And Carburization In Petrochemical Furnaces R L Deuis, A M Brown and S Petrone, Quantiam Technologies Inc., Canada - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References High Temperature Corrosion Of Structural Materials Under Gas Cooked Reactor Helium C Cabet, A Terlain and P Lett , L Guétaz and J-M Gentzbittel, CEA, France - Introduction - Overview of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys corrosion in GCR helium - Experimental methods - Results - Summary and conclusion - Acknowledgements - Reference Geometry Effects On The Oxide Scale Integrity During Oxidation Of The Ni-Base Superalloy CSX-4 Under Isothermal And Thermal Cycling Conditions R Orosz and H-J Christ, Universität Siegen, U Krupp, University of Applied Science, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References What Are The Right Test Conditions For The Simulation Of High Temperature Alkali Corrosion In Biomass Combustion? T Blomberg, ASM Microchemistry Ltd, Finland - Introduction - Biomass vs - fossil fuels - Discussion - Conclusions - References PART 4 MODELLING Optimisation Of In-Service Performance Of Boiler Steels By Modelling High-Temperature Corrosion (OPTICORR) L Heikinheimo, VTT Industrial Systems, Finland, D Baxter, JRC, Petten, The Netherlands, K Hack, GTT-Technologies, Germany, M Spiegel, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany, M Hämäläinen, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, U Krupp, University of Applied Science Osnabruck, Germany, M Arponen, Rautaruukki Steel, Finland - Introduction - Thermodynamic data collection - Corrosion and oxidation modelling - Summary - Acknowledgements - References Influence Of Gas Phase Composition On The Kinetics Of Chloride Melt Induced Corrosion Of Pure Iron (OPTICORR) A Ruh and M Spiegel, Max Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Germany - Introduction - Experimental methods - Results - Discussion - Conclusions - References Development Of Toolboxes For The Modelling Of Hot Corrosion Of Heat Exchanger Components (OPTICORR) K Hack and T Jantzen, GTT-Technologies, Germany - Introduction - Available software tools at the onset of the project - Database work - Calculational results - Summary - Acknowledgement - References Computer-Based Simulation Of Inward Oxide Scale Growth On Cr-Containing Steels At High Temperatures (OPTICORR) U Krupp, University of Applied Science, V B Trindade, P Schmidt, S Yang, H-J Christ, U Buschmann and W Wiechert, Universität Siegen, Germany - Introduction - Numerical modeling of diffusion-controlled corrosion processes - Simulation results and discussion - Summary - Acknowledgements - References Modelling The Thermal Oxidation Of Ternary Alloys - Compositional Changes In The Alloy In Relation To The Formation Of Non-Protective Oxide Phases N M van der Pers, T J Niidam and W G Sloof, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands - Introduction - Experimental methods - Data evaluation - Results and discussion - Conclusions - Acknowledgement - References