For Fundamentals of Nursing, Introduction to Nursing and Critical Thinking. Can be used in all clinical courses.   This innovative text uses concrete examples and hands-on exercises to help students clearly understand and apply the five steps of the nursing process to today's rapidly changing healthcare environment. Instead of giving step-by-step instructions on how to use the nursing process in practice, it encourages students to critically think about each step of the nursing process and use critical thinking to make better clinical decisions. Wellness concepts and independent critical thinking, major emphases of this text, are incorporated into each step of the nursing process. Case studies and exercises provide students opportunities to apply the concepts presented to real world situations.

Table of Contents:
Contents   1 Overview of Nursing Process 1 INTRODUCTION 1 WHAT IS NURSING? 1     Nursing Theory 3     Human Responses 4     Nursing,Medicine, and Multidisciplinary Practice 5     Nursing in Wellness and Illness 6 WHY IS THE NURSING PROCESS IMPORTANT? 7 WHAT IS NURSING PROCESS? 10     Relationship to Nursing and Caring 10     Background 10     Purpose and Characteristics 12     Organization: Phases of the Nursing Process 13     Relationship to Problem-Solving Process 18 QUALITIES NEEDED BY THE NURSE 20     Cognitive (Intellectual) Skills 20     Creativity and Curiosity 20     Interpersonal Skills 21     Cultural Competence 21     Psychomotor Skills 21     Technological Skills 22 NURSING PROCESS AND WELLNESS 22 NURSING PROCESS AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 23 ETHICAL AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS 24 SUMMARY 26       Nursing Process Practice 27       Critical Thinking Practice: Self-Knowledge 29       Case Study: Applying Critical Thinking and Nursing Process 30 SELECTED REFERENCES 31   2 Critical Thinking 35 WHY DO NURSES NEED TO THINK CRITICALLY? 35     Nursing Is an Applied Discipline 36     Nursing Draws on Knowledge from Other Fields 37     Nurses Deal with Change in Stressful Environments 37     Nurses Make Frequent,Varied, and Important Decisions 38 WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING? 38     Some Definitions of Critical Thinking 39     Characteristics of Critical Thinking 39     Types of Nursing Knowledge 41 CRITICAL THINKING ATTITUDES 43     Independent Thinking 44     Intellectual Humility 44     Intellectual Courage 45     Intellectual Empathy 45     Intellectual Integrity 46     Intellectual Perseverance 46     Intellectual Curiosity 46     Faith in Reason 47     Fair-mindedness 47     Interest in Exploring Thoughts and Feelings 47 CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS 48     Using Language 49     Perceiving 51     Believing and Knowing 52     Clarifying 53     Comparing 54     Judging and Evaluating 57     Reasoning 58 COMPLEX INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITIES 62 STANDARDS OF REASONING 66 CRITICAL THINKING AND NURSING PROCESS 66 CRITICAL THINKING AND NURSING ETHICS 69 DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING 70 SUMMARY 71       Nursing Process Practice 72       Critical Thinking Practice:Using Language 74       Case Study: Applying Critical Thinking and Nursing Process 76 SELECTED REFERENCES 77   3 Assessment ASSESSMENT:THE FIRST PHASE OF THE NURSING PROCESS 79     Purpose of Nursing Assessment 80     Relationship to Other Phases of the Nursing Process 81     Critical Thinking in Assessment 81 COLLECTING DATA 83     Subjective and Objective Data 83     Primary and Secondary Data Sources 87     Initial Versus Ongoing Assessment 88     Comprehensive Versus Focus Assessment 89     Use of Computers in Assessment 94     Data Collection Methods 95 VALIDATING THE DATA 105 ORGANIZING DATA 105     Nursing Models 107 NONNURSING MODELS 109 RECORDING DATA 115 SPECIAL-PURPOSE ASSESSMENTS 116     Home Care and Functional Assessment 116     Cultural Assessment 117     Spiritual Assessment 121     Wellness Assessment 123     Family Assessment 123     Community Assessment 123 ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 129     Honesty 132     Confidentiality 132     Malpractice Suits 132 SUMMARY 133       Nursing Process Practice 134       Critical Thinking Practice: Believing and Knowing 139       Case Study: Applying Critical Thinking and Nursing Process 147 SELECTED REFERENCES 147   4 Diagnostic Reasoning INTRODUCTION 151 DIAGNOSIS: SECOND PHASE OF NURSING PROCESS 153     History of Nursing Diagnosis 154     Importance of Nursing Diagnosis 155 HUMAN RESPONSES 157 DIAGNOSING HEALTH STATUS 158     Patient Strengths 160     Wellness Diagnoses 160 Recognizing Nursing Diagnoses 160 Recognizing Collaborative Problems 163 Recognizing Medical Diagnoses 164 Computer-Assisted Diagnosis 167 Using Nursing Diagnoses With Critical Pathways 168 DIAGNOSTIC REASONING 171     Use of Nursing Models 171     Interpreting Data 171     Verifying Diagnoses 183     Labeling and Recording Diagnoses 184     Health Promotion: Diagnosing Wellness 184 CRITICAL THINKING AND DIAGNOSIS 185     Reflective Practice 185     Avoiding Diagnostic Errors 185 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 190 SUMMARY 190       Nursing Process Practice 191       Critical Thinking Practice: Analysis and Synthesis 197       Case Study: Applying Nursing Process and Critical Thinking 202 SELECTED REFERENCES 203   5 Diagnostic Language INTRODUCTION 205 STANDARDIZED NURSING LANGUAGES 206     Classification Systems 206     The Need for Uniform Nursing Language 207     Existing Nursing Taxonomies 208 NANDA INTERNATIONAL 208     The NANDA Taxonomy 210     NANDA Review Process 210 CHOOSING A PROBLEM LABEL 210     Components of a NANDA Diagnosis 211     How to Choose a Label 215     Learning to Recognize the NANDA Labels 218 FORMAT FOR WRITING DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS 219     Actual Nursing Diagnoses 220     Potential (Risk) Nursing Diagnoses 225     Possible Nursing Diagnoses 226     Wellness Diagnoses (Format) 226     Collaborative Problems 226 RELATIONSHIP OF NURSING DIAGNOSES TO OUTCOMES AND NURSING ORDERS 227 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT THE CONTENT OF DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS 228 WELLNESS DIAGNOSES 232 SPIRITUAL DIAGNOSES 234 FAMILY AND HOME HEALTH DIAGNOSES 235 COMMUNITY HEALTH DIAGNOSES 236 ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE NANDA CLASSIFICATIONS 237     Unrealistic Expectations 238     Effect on Holistic Perspective 238     Ethical Considerations 238     Cultural Considerations 240 RECORDING NURSING DIAGNOSES 240 PRIORITIZING DIAGNOSES 241 SUMMARY 243       Nursing Process Practice 244       Critical Thinking Practice: Clarifying, Comparing and Contrasting 251       Case Study: Applying Nursing Process and Critical Thinking 254 SELECTED REFERENCES 256   6 Planning: Overview and Outcomes Learning Outcomes 259 INTRODUCTION 259 PLANNING:THIRD PHASE OF NURSING PROCESS 260     Initial Versus Ongoing Planning 262     Discharge Planning 263 PATIENT CARE PLANS 266     Computerized Care Plans 267     Comprehensive Nursing Care Plans 267     Multidisciplinary Care Plans (Critical Pathways) 271 PLANNING OUTCOMES 271     Purpose of the Outcome Statement 273     Writing Outcome Statements 273     The Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) 283     Family and Home Health Outcomes 285     Community Outcomes 286     Outcomes for Wellness Diagnoses 287     Patient Teaching Outcomes 289 CRITICAL THINKING: REFLECTING ON PLANNING 290     Guidelines for Judging the Quality of Outcome     Statements 291     Ethical Considerations in Planning 296     Legal Issues in Planning 297     Spiritual Planning and Outcomes 298     Cultural Considerations in Planning 299 SUMMARY 299       Nursing Process Practice 300       Critical Thinking Practice: Classifying 306       Case Study: Applying Nursing Process and Critical Thinking 310 SELECTED REFERENCES 312   7 Planning: Interventions INTRODUCTION 315 NURSING INTERVENTIONS 316     Types of Interventions 316     Theory-Based Planning 319     Nursing Interventions and Problem Status 319     How to Generate and Select Nursing     Activities/Interventions 322     Computerized Planning 327 WRITING NURSING ORDERS 327     Purpose 328     Components of a Nursing Order 328 STANDARDIZED LANGUAGE FOR NURSING INTERVENTIONS 329     The Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) 330     Community Nursing Interventions 332     Family and Home Health Interventions 335 FORMAL TEACHING PLANS 336 WELLNESS INTERVENTIONS 338     Standardized Wellness Interventions 338 SPIRITUAL INTERVENTIONS 339 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT PLANNING 341     Reflecting on Interventions 341     Reflecting on Ethical Factors 342     Reflecting on Cultural Factors 343 SUMMARY 344       Nursing Process Practice 346       Critical Thinking Practice: Recognizing Relevant Information 350       Case Study: Applying Nursing Process and Critical Thinking 353 SELECTED REFERENCES 353   8 Implementation LEARNING OUTCOMES 357 INTRODUCTION 357     Relationship of Implementation to Other     Nursing Process Phases 360     Healthcare Delivery Systems 360 PREPARING TO ACT 361     Preparing the Nurse 363     Preparing the Patient 363     Preparing Supplies and Equipment 364 ACTION:DOING OR DELEGATING 365     Teaching for Self-Care 366     Delegation and Supervision 367 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT IMPLEMENTATION 370 RECORDING 370     Functions of Client Records 372     Documenting Nursing Process 373     Documentation Methods 378     Computerized Documentation 381     Documenting with Standardized Language 386     Guidelines for Charting 386     Home Healthcare Documentation 388     Long-Term Care Documentation 390 ORAL REPORTS 391 ETHICAL ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATION 392     Respect for Dignity 393     Privacy and Confidentiality 393 LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 394     Falls 394     Restraints 395     Questioning Medical Orders 395     Patient Behaviors That May Contribute to an Injury 395 CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL CONSIDERATIONS 396     Cultural Care 397     Spiritual Care 397 SUMMARY       Nursing Process Practice       Critical Thinking Practice: Reasoning       Case Study: Applying Nursing Process and Critical ThinkingSELECTED REFERENCES   9 Evaluation LEARNING OUTCOMES 411 INTRODUCTION 411 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION 412     Standards and Criteria 413 EVALUATION IN NURSING PROCESS 414     Relationship to Other Phases 415     Evaluating Patient Progress 416     Evaluating/Revising the Plan of Care 421 REFLECTING CRITICALLY ABOUT EVALUATION 428     Evaluation Errors 428     Ethical Considerations 429     Cultural and Spiritual Considerations 430 QUALITY ASSURANCE/IMPROVEMENT 431     Computerized Records and Standardized Language 431 Types of Quality-Assurance Evaluation 432     A Procedure for Quality-Assurance Evaluation 434 SUMMARY       Nursing Process Practice       Critical Thinking Practice: Judging and Evaluating       Case Study: Applying Nursing Process and Critical Thinking SELECTED REFERENCES   10 Creating a Care Plan LEARNING OUTCOMES 449 INTRODUCTION 449 COMPREHENSIVE CARE PLANS 450     Components of a Comprehensive Care Plan 451     Standardized Approaches to Care Planning 455 COMPUTERIZED CARE PLANS AND STANDARDIZED LANGUAGE 465 CARE-PLANNING GUIDE 465 CREATING A COMPREHENSIVE CARE PLAN 466     Case Study: Luisa Sanchez 468     Assessment 470     Diagnosis 470     Planning 473     Implementation 480     Evaluation 480 HOW TO MIND-MAP A CARE PLAN 182 WELLNESS IN THE ACUTE-CARE SETTING 483 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 485 SUMMARY       Nursing Process Practice       Instructions for Preparing the Nursing Plan of Care       Critical Thinking Practice: Similarities and Differences   Appendix A:    ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with     Interpretive Statements 494 Appendix B:    Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Problems     Associated with Diseases and other Physiological Disorders 495 Appendix C:    Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Problems     Associated with Surgical Treatments 504 Answer Keys 508 Index 533