In Volume 34, covering May through July 1801, the story of Thomas Jefferson's first presidential administration continues to unfold. He quickly begins to implement his objectives of economy and efficiency in government. Requesting the chief clerk of the War Department to prepare a list of commissioned army officers, Jefferson has his secretary Meriwether Lewis label the names on the list with such descriptors as "Republican" or "Opposed to the administration, otherwise respectable officers." The president calls his moves toward a reduction in the army a "chaste reformation." Samuel Smith, interim head of the Navy Department, in accordance with the Peace Establishment Act, arranges for the sale of surplus warships. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin gathers figures on revenues and expenses and suggests improvements in methods of collecting taxes. Jefferson delivers an eloquent statement on his policy of removals from office to the merchants of New Haven, who objected to his dismissal of the collector of the port of New Haven. He makes clear that while his inaugural address declared tolerance and respect for the minority, it did not mean that no offices would change hands. On the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Fourth of July, Jefferson entertains around one hundred citizens, including a delegation of five Cherokee chiefs. And on 30 July, Jefferson leaves the Federal City for two months at Monticello.

Table of Contents:
Foreword vii Editorial Method and Apparatus xiii Illustrations xli Jefferson Chronology 2 18 0 1 From Abraham Baldwin, 1 May 3 To Samuel Carr, 1 May 4 From James Linn, 1 May 5 Notes on John Hunter's Recommendations, [ca. 1 May] 6 From Newbury Township Inhabitants, [before 2 May] 7 To the Aliens of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, 2 May 8 From [Thomas Dill], 2 May 9 From Charles Wyndham Grymes, 2 May 11 From Robert R. Livingston, 2 May 12 From Samuel A. Otis, 2 May 13 From Ephraim Ramsay, 2 May 14 From Amos Windship, 2 May 15 To Gideon Granger, enclosing To Suffeld Citizens, 3 May 17 To George Jefferson, 3 May 18 To James Magoffin, 3 May 19 From John Monroe, 3 May 19 From Abraham Faw, 4 May 20 From Elbridge Gerry, 4 May 21 From James Monroe, 4 May 24 From Pendleton District, S.C., 16th Regiment, 4 May 27 From Samuel Smith, 4 May 28 From Samuel Smith, 4 April [i.e. May] 31 From Benjamin Vaughan, 4 May 31 From Marinus Willett, 4 May 36 To John Barnes, 5 May 37 From William Scales, 5 May 38 From "A Lover of Republicanism," [before 6 May] 41 From John Barnes, 6 May 42 From William Imlay, 6 May 42 To George Jefferson, 6 May 44 From Fournier Lamorinniere, 6 May 44 From Robert Morris, 6 May 46 From Charles Pinckney, 6 May 46 From Daniel Trump, 6 May 47 From Joseph Barnes, 7 May 48 From the District of Columbia Commissioners, 7 May 51 To Enoch Edwards, 7 May 52 To Charles Wyndham Grymes, 7 May 53 From George Jefferson, 7 May 54 To Thomas Newton, 7 May 55 From Joseph Moss White, 7 May 55 From William Frederick Ast, 8 May 56 From Sylvanus Bourne, 8 May 57 From David Humphreys, 8 May 58 To John Carter Littlepage, 8 May 62 To Robert R. Livingston, 8 May 62 To Gouverneur Morris, 8 May 64 To Newbury Township Inhabitants, 8 May 65 To Theodore Foster, 9 May 66 To James Madison, 9 May 67 To Bishop James Madison, 9 May 68 To Thomas Newton, 9 March [i.e. May] 68 From Robert Patterson and Andrew Ellicott, 9 May 69 From the General Assembly of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, [9 May] 70 From William Duane, 10 May, enclosing From John Reich, 4 May 71 From Anthony Haswell, 10 May 75 From George Logan, 10 May 77 From John Southack, 10 May 78 To Enoch Edwards, 11 May 79 From George Helmbold, 12 [i.e. 11] May 79 From Henry Knox, 11 May 80 Henry Dearborn's Report on the War Department, [12 May] 81 From Edward Dowse, 12 May 88 From Bate Dyke, 12 May 89 From Enoch Edwards, 12 May 89 From Pierpont Edwards, 12 May 90 From William Findley, 12 May 95 From Charles Wyndham Grymes, 12 May 97 From Frederic L. Hammer, 12 May 98 From John Hoomes, 12 May 99 To George Jefferson, 12 May 100 From George Jefferson, 12 May 101 Stable and Household Accounts, [on or after 12 May] 102 To James Stuart, 12 May 102 To William Thornton and Others, 12 May 103 From James Traquair, 12 May 104 From William Cooke, 13 May 104 From Gideon Granger, 13 May 105 From Thomas Newton, 13 May 106 From Tadeusz Kosciuszko, [after 13 May] 106 From John F. Gaullier, 14 May 108 From George Jefferson, 14 May 109 To Nathaniel Macon, 14 May 109 To Thomas Mann Randolph, 14 May 110 From David Austin, 15 May 111 From John Barnes, 15 May 113 From Robert Maxwell, [15 May] 113 Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 15 May 114 From David Austin, 16 May 116 From Charles Douglas, 16 May 117 From Andrew Ellicott, 16 May 118 From Arthur Fenner, 16 May 121 From Hugh Ferguson, 16 May 122 To William Jones, 16 May 123 From Blair McClenachan, 16 May 124 From Thomas Newton, 16 May 124 Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 16 May 125 From Richard Rogers, 16 May 126 To George Clinton, 17 May 127 From Thomas Cooper, 17 May 128 Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 17 May 129 From David Leonard Barnes, 18 May 131 From Joseph Barnes, 18 May 132 From Thomas Claxton, 18 May 134 From Albert Gallatin, 18 May 136 From Levi Hunt, Jr., 18 May 136 From Richard Richardson, 18 May 137 From Thomas Truxton, 18 May 138 From Madame de Corny, 19 May 141 From Theodore Foster, 19 May 144 From John Vaughan, 19 May 147 From Joseph G. Chambers, 20 May 147 From Lewis Goldsmith, 20 May 149 From William Jones, 20 May 150 From Peter S. Marks, 20 May 150 From Gouverneur Morris, 20 May 151 From Marc Auguste Pictet, 20 May 152 From Hepzibah Clarke Swan, 20 May 154 John Wagner's Notes on a Letter from Ruhle von Lilienstern, [ca. 20 May] 156 From John Drayton, 21 May 157 From Albert Gallatin, [21 May] 158 To Yusuf Qaramanli, Pasha and Bey of Tripoli, 21 May 159 From Winthrop Sargent, 21 May 161 To James Monroe, 29 [i.e. 22] May 161 From James Monroe, 22 May 163 From Philip Van Cortlandt, 22 May 164 From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., [22 May] 165 To Elias Boudinot, 23 May 167 From Thomas Cooper and Others, 23 May 168 To William Duane, 23 May 169 From Albert Gallatin, 23 May 170 From William Lambert, 23 May 171 To John Langdon, 23 May 172 From James Monroe, 23 May 173 From Thomas Mann Randolph, 23 May 174 To George W. Erving, 24 May 176 From Nathaniel Macon, 24 May 176 To Francis Peyton, 24 May 177 From Aaron Burr, 25 May 178 From John Dickinson, 25 May 179 From Francis Peyton, 25 May 179 From Thomas Woodcock, 25 May 180 From David Austin, 26 May 180 From William Barton, 26 May 182 From Andrew Ellicott, 26 May 183 From George Jefferson, 26 May 185 To James Monroe, 26 May 185 From Charles Pinckney, 26 May 186 To the General Assembly of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 26 May 188 From Robert Coane, 27 May 189 From Albert Gallatin, [27 May] 190 From Henry Ingle, 27 May 191 From William Kilty, 27 May 191 To James and Dolley Madison and Anna Payne, 27 May 193 From Thomas Claxton, 28 May 193 From Christopher Ellery, 28 May 195 To Mary Jefferson Eppes, 28 May 196 To James Jackson, 28 May 197 From George Jefferson, 28 May 197 From Nicholas King, 28 May 198 From Thomas Lomax, 28 May 200 To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 28 May 200 To Thomas Truxtun, 28 May 201 From Enoch Edwards, 29 May 201 To Nicholas King, 29 May 202 From Louis Philippe Gallot de Lormerie, 29 May 203 To James Monroe, 29 May 205 To James Monroe, 29 May 206 From Joseph H. Nicholson, 29 May 206 From Mann Page, 29 May 207 To William Baker, 30 May 208 To the Executive Directory of the Batavian Republic, 30 May 208 Receipt from Edward Frethy, 30 May 210 From Thomas Procter, 30 May 210 From James Traquair, 30 May 211 From James Clark, 31 May 212 To Robert R. Livingston, 31 May 213 From Robert R. Livingston, 31 May 214 From Winthrop Sargent, [31 May] 216 From James Warren, 31 May 218 From Mercy Otis Warren, 31 May 220 Notes on a Conversation with Pierce Butler, [May or October] 221 From David Austin, 1 June 221 From Denniston & Cheetham, 1 June 223 From the District of Columbia Commissioners, 1 June 225 From the District of Columbia Commissioners, 1 June 225 From Albert Gallatin, 1 June 226 To Gibson & Jefferson, 1 June 227 From William Branch Giles, 1 June 227 From George Jefferson, 1 June 229 From James Monroe, 1 June 229 From Thomas Newton, 1 June 230 To Richard Richardson, enclosing CertiAcate for Richard Richardson, 1 June 230 From Walter Carr, 2 June 232 To Thomas Claxton, 2 June 233 To the District of Columbia Commissioners, 2 June 234 To Enoch Edwards, 2 June 235 To George Jefferson, 2 June 235 From Robert Leslie, 2 June 236 To John Watson, 2 June 240 Petition of Lewis Freeman, 3 June 240 To Albert Gallatin, 3 June 242 From Albert Gallatin, 3 June 243 From Harry Innes, 3 June 243 To St. George Tucker, 3 June 245 From Aaron Burr, 4 June 246 From J. C. Cornwell, 4 June 247 From Andrew Ellicott, 4 June 248 To Robert R. Livingston, enclosing Neutral Rights, 4 June 251 From Robert R. Livingston, [4 June] 254 Notes on a Conversation with Robert R. Livingston, [on or after 4 June] 255 Notes on a Conversation with Robert R. Livingston, [4 June] 256 To Thomas Mann Randolph, 4 June 256 From Samuel Smith, 4 June 257 From Archibald Stuart, 4 June 258 From James Taylor, Jr., 4 June 259 From Joshua Barney, 5 June 260 From George W. Erving, 5 June 261 To William Hylton, [5 June] 262 From Robert R. Livingston, 5 June 263 From Rufus Low, 5 June 263 To Denniston & Cheetham, 6 June 264 To Christopher Ellery, 6 June 265 To Arthur Fenner, 6 June 266 To Theodore Foster, 6 June 266 To Gouverneur Morris, 6 June 267 From Samuel Smith, 6 June 268 To Elijah Brown, 7 June 268 From Elijah Griffiths, 7 June 269 To John Roberts, 7 June 271 To Benjamin Vaughan, 7 June 271 From Robert Patterson, 8 June 272 From Benjamin Waterhouse, 8 June 273 From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 8 June 278 From David Austin, 9 June 279 From Albert Gallatin, 9 June 279 Albert Gallatin's Report on Delinquent Collectors, 9 June 280 From Thomas Paine, 9 June 281 From William Short, 9 June 286 To James Dinsmore, 10 June 295 From William Duane, 10 June 296 From Pierpont Edwards, 10 June 301 From George Jefferson, 10 June 302 From John Langdon, 10 June 302 From John Mason, 10 June 303 From Samuel Smith, 10 June 304 From David Austin, 11 June 305 To John Bartram, Jr., 11 June 306 From Robert Lawson, [11 June] 307 To Wilson Cary Nicholas, 11 June 308 From Paul Richard Randall, 11 June 310 From Richard Robotham, 11 June 311 From Collen Williamson, 11 June 313 From David Leonard Barnes, 12 June 314 From David Campbell, 12 June 315 From Denniston & Cheetham, 12 June 316 From Albert Gallatin, 12 June 318 From Albert Gallatin, 12 June 318 From Albert Gallatin, 12 June 320 To Levi Lincoln, 12 June 320 To Mason Locke Weems, 12 June 321 From Everard Meade, 13 June 322 Notes on Resolution of American Debts to British Creditors, 13 June 323 I. Notes on King's and Anstey's Propositions, [ca. 13 June] 326 II. Notes on a Cabinet Meeting, 13 June 326 From Thomas Mann Randolph, 13 June 327 From Joseph T. Scott, 13 June 328 From Samuel Smith, 13 June 329 From John Smyth, 13 June 331 Statement of Account with Thomas Claxton, 13 June 332 From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 14 June 333 Opinion on George Walker's Case, 14 June 334 From Madame de Tesse, 14 June 336 From Albert Gallatin, 15 June 339 From Levi Lincoln, 15 June 340 From James Monroe, 15 June 345 From James Monroe, 15 June 347 From Jesse S. Zane, 15 June 348 From David Austin, 16 June 349 From David Austin, 16 June 350 From Elias Boudinot, 16 June 352 From Albert Gallatin, [16 June] 354 From Albert Gallatin, 16 June 356 From Philippe de Letombe, 16 June 357 From Edward Meeks, 16 June 359 From James Monroe, 16 June 360 From Julian Ursin Niemcewicz, 16 June 361 From William Rose, 16 June 362 From Charles Webb, 16 June 364 From David Austin, 17 June 368 To John Barnes, 17 June 369 From James Clark, with Gallatin's Comment, 17 June 369 To Tench Coxe, 17 June 372 From Henry Dearborn, 17 June 373 To John Drayton, 17 June 374 To John Wayles Eppes, 17 June 374 To George Jefferson, 17 June 375 From George Jefferson, 17 June 376 From David Austin, 18 June 376 From Elijah Boardman, 18 June 377 From Henry Dearborn, 18 June 377 From Mary Jefferson Eppes, 18 June 378 From Albert Gallatin, 18 June 379 Remonstrance of the New Haven Merchants, [18 June] 381 To Thomas Mann Randolph, 18 June 384 From John Daly Burk, [before 19 June] 385 From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 19 June 389 From Stephen Drayton, 20 June 391 From Albert Gallatin, [20 June] 392 From Caleb Gibbs, 20 June 393 From Harry Innes, 20 June 394 To James Madison, 20 June 395 From James Madison, [20 June] 396 To James Madison and Albert Gallatin, enclosing Note on Passports, 20 June 396 To James Monroe, 20 June 398 From James Monroe, 20 June 399 From Jean Baptiste Ternant, 20 June 400 To John Daly Burk, 21 June 400 To John Dickinson, 21 June 401 From Lafayette, 21 June 403 From James Lyon, 21 June 404 From David Austin, [22 June] 405 From William Davy, 22 June 406 To James Dinsmore, 22 June 407 From George Skene Keith, 22 June 407 To John Langdon, 22 June 408 From John Langdon, 22 June 409 To Robert Lawson, 22 June 410 From Samuel Miller, 22 June 410 From Arthur St. Clair, 22 June 412 From Sir John Sinclair, 22 June 414 From Samuel Smith, 22 June 415 From Henry Tuell, 22 June 416 To David Leonard Barnes, 23 June 416 From Michael Fortune, 23 June 417 From James Mease, 23 June 418 Notes on a Conversation with Andrew Ellicott, 23 June 419 From Luke O'Dea, 23 June 420 To George Wythe, [23 June] 421 From Pierre Auguste Adet, 24 June 421 From Francois Barbe de Marbois, 24 June 423 From William Barton, 24 June 424 From Tench Coxe, 24 June 425 To Mary Jefferson Eppes, 24 June 428 To James Madison, 24 June 429 From Wilson Cary Nicholas, 24 June 430 From Kezia Norris, 24 June 432 To Samuel Smith, 24 June 433 From Benjamin Vaughan, 24 June 434 From Dr. John Vaughan, 24 June 437 From Volney, 24 June 437 From Tench Coxe, 25 June 442 From Thomas Paine, 25 June 450 To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 25 June 451 From Stephen Sayre, 25 June 452 From Volney, [25 June] 454 From George Walton, 25 June 455 From "A Kentucky-Citizen," [before 26] June 455 To Henry Dearborn, 26 June 458 From the Delaware Baptist Association, 26 June 458 From Albert Gallatin, 26 June 460 From Wade Hampton, 26 June 460 From Samuel Smith, 26 June 461 To Benjamin Waterhouse, 26 June 462 From David Austin, 27 June 463 To Henry Dearborn, 27 June 463 From John Dickinson, 27 June 464 From Charles Douglas, 27 June 467 From Baron von Geismar, 27 June 468 From John Christ, 28 June 470 To Charles Douglas, 28 June 471 From Mathew Carey, [on or before 29 June] 471 From William Adamson, 29 June 472 From David Austin, 29 June 475 From Albert Gallatin, [29 June] 476 From John F. Gaullier, 29 June 477 From Francis Hoskins, 29 June 479 To James Mease, 29 June 480 To Julian Ursin Niemcewicz, 29 June 481 From Charles Willson Peale, 29 June 481 From David Austin, 30 June 482 From Timothy Bloodworth, 30 June 483 From William Kilty, James Marshall, and William Cranch, 30 June 485 From Thomas Peerce, 30 June 486 From James Tilton, 30 June 487 Statement of Account with Thomas Carpenter, 1 July 488 To Elizabeth House Trist, 1 July 489 To the Delaware Baptist Association, 2 July 490 From David Jones, 2 July 491 To Elijah Boardman, 3 July 493 From John Coalter, 3 July 494 From Jacques Joseph Ducarne de Blangy, 3 July 495 From Enoch Edwards, 3 July 496 Levi Lincoln's Opinion on the Betsy Cathcart, [3 July] 497 From William Maclure, 3 July 503 Reply to a Cherokee Delegation, 3 July 505 I. Heads of Answer to Speech of The Glass [30 June-3 July] 508 II. Reply to the Cherokee Delegation by Henry Dearborn, [3 July] 510 From William Keteltas, 4 July 511 From Levi Lincoln, 5 July 515 From Albert Gallatin, [6 July] 517 From Gideon Granger, 6 July 518 To George Jefferson, 6 July 521 From Hugh Williamson, 6 July 522 From Peter Frailey and Others, 7 July 523 From Albert Gallatin, [7 July] 525 From Thomas Newton, 7 July 527 From Benjamin Kneeland, 8 July 527 From Charles Pinckney, 8 July 528 To Samuel Harrison Smith, 8 July 529 To Enoch Edwards, 9 July 530 Report by Albert Gallatin, with Jefferson's Opinion, 9 July 531 To Robert Smith, 9 July 534 To Samuel Smith, 9 July 535 From Samuel Smith, 9 July 536 From Samuel Darley, 10 July 537 From Thomas Newton, 10 July 537 From Daniel Parker, 10 July 538 From Craven Peyton, 10 July 540 From Elijah Brainerd, 11 July 540 From Albert Gallatin, 11 July 543 From Albert Gallatin, 11 July 543 From William Kilty, 11 July 544 From Philippe de Letombe, 11 July 544 To Levi Lincoln, 11 July 546 To Samuel Smith, 11 July 549 From John Steele, 11 July 550 From John Elmslie, Jr., 12 July 551 To the New Haven Merchants, 12 July 554 To Abraham Baldwin, 13 July 558 To William C. C. Claiborne, 13 July 560 From Robert Smith, 13 July 562 From Dr. John Vaughan, 13 July 563 To David Austin, 14 July 565 From Caleb Prew Bennett, [14] July 566 To Craven Peyton, 14 July 567 To Philippe de Letombe, 15 July 568 Memorandum on Restitution of Prizes, 15 July 568 From Georges Thomas, 15 July 571 To Mary Jefferson Eppes, 16 July 571 Albert Gallatin's Report on Collector for Michilimackinac, 16 July 572 From James Hopkins, 16 July 573 From Joel Lewis, 16 July 578 From John McDonald, 16 July 578 To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 16 July 580 From "T. J. M," 16 July 581 To William Wardlaw, 16 July 581 To Albert Gallatin, 17 July 582 From Gean Leach, 17 July 583 From James Madison, [on or before 17 July] 583 From Robert Maxwell, 17 July 585 Memorandum on Restitution of Prizes, [on or after 17 July] 586 To Dr. John Vaughan, 17 July 587 From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 17 July 588 From John Dickinson, 18 July 590 From James Jackson, 18 July 591 From Thomas Mann Randolph, 18 July 595 From Samuel Smith, 18 July 596 To James Madison, 19 July 597 To John Barnes, [20 July] 598 From Daniel Clark, 20 July 598 From Maria Cosway, 20 July 599 From Anthony Haswell, 20 July 601 From James Lyon, 20 July 602 From Richard Richardson, 20 July 603 From Robert Smith, 20 July 604 From Samuel Smith, 20 July 605 To Pierpont Edwards, 21 July 606 From Theodore Foster, 21 July 607 To Gideon Granger, 21 July 610 To Edmund Jenings, 21 July 611 From Thomas McKean, 21 July 612 To James Monroe, 21 July 614 From Henry Daniel, 22 July 614 To Joseph Yznardi, Sr., [22 July] 615 To John Dickinson, 23 July 616 From Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 23 July 617 From James Lyon, 23 July 620 From Samuel Latham Mitchill, 23 July 624 From Samuel Smith, 23 July 625 To Thomas McKean, 24 July 625 From Charles Willson Peale, 24 July 627 From Joel R. Poinsett, 24 July 628 From Benjamin Waterhouse, 24 July 629 Meriwether Lewis's ClassiAcation of Army Officers, [after 24 July] 629 From "A. Z.," 25 July 630 From Sebastian Bauman, 25 July 631 From William Bingham, 25 July 632 From Theodore Foster, 25 July 632 From Albert Gallatin, enclosing Circular to Customs Collectors, 25 July 635 From Albert Gallatin, 25 July 637 From Tobias Lear, 25 July 637 From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 25 July 639 From Isaac Shelby, 25 July 639 To Samuel Smith, [25 July] 640 To Benjamin Waterhouse, 25 July 640 From Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 25 July 641 From "A Boston Merchant," 26 July 644 To Albert Gallatin, 26 July 644 From Calvin Jones, 26 July 645 To Pierce Butler, 27 July 646 From Samuel Davidson, 27 July 647 To Philippe de Letombe, 27 July 648 To Thomas Mann Randolph, 27 July 649 To Henry SheaC, 27 July 650 To Henry Dearborn, 28 July 650 To Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 28 July 651 Albert Gallatin's Report on Collection of Internal Revenues, 28 July 651 From Jacob Lewis, 28 July 656 From Levi Lincoln, 28 July 657 From Levi Stutson, 28 July 669 To William Bingham, 29 July 670 To Hugh Henry Brackenridge, 29 July 671 From Anthony Butler, 29 July 671 From William Caruthers, 29 July 672 From George Clinton, 29 July 674 From John Drayton, 29 July 674 Executive Order on Revenue Districts, 29 July 676 From Albert Gallatin, 29 July 678 From Albert Gallatin, 29 July 681 From Albert Gallatin, 29 July 683 To Benjamin Hichborn, 29 July 683 To George Jefferson, 29 July 684 To Philippe de Letombe, 29 July 685 To Charles Willson Peale, 29 July 686 From Samuel H. Smith, 29 July 686 From Matthew Groves, 30 July 687 From George Helmbold, 30 July 689 From Philip Mazzei, [30 July] 691 From Francis Peyton, 30 July 692 From Hugh Williamson, 30 July 693 From Robert Leslie, 31 July 694 From George Wythe, 31 July 695 Summary of British Debt Claims, [July 1801 or after] 696 APPENDICES Appendix I: Letters Not Printed in Full 697 Appendix II: Letters Not Found 701 Appendix III: Financial Documents 705 Index 709