Pavlov's research was foundational to the twentieth-century understanding of physiology and psychology, yet much of his work remains untranslated from the original Russian language. In this book, Olga Yokoyama sets out to translate the third volume of Pavlov's Complete Works, as well as his last unpublished paper. This volume also contains the papers from the sixth edition of Twenty Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity of Animals, arguably the most impactful work by the 1904 Nobel Laureate. His concept of the conditional reflex has influenced human thought far beyond physiology, affecting the ways we view not only such practical matters as learning and child-rearing, but philosophical questions of the mind and its relationship to the psyche, creativity, and individual freedom. This translation is accompanied by three introductory essays which contextualize Pavlov's work from three perspectives: that of Pavlov's text as it was subjected to translation, that of neuropsychological science today, and that of the history of scientific thought and practices.

Table of Contents:
Foreword Acknowledgments Translating Pavlov (Olga T. Yokoyama) Pavlov's Continuing Impact (Michael Fanselow) Reading Pavlov (Daniel P. Todes) Twenty-Years' Experience in the Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity of Animals (1923) Foreword to the Second Edition Foreword to the Third Edition Foreword to the Fourth Edition Foreword to the Fifth Edition Foreword to the Sixth Edition Introduction Pavlov 1923 edition (chapters I-XXXV) I. Experimental psychology and psychopathology on animals II. On the psychic secretion of the salivary glands III. The first firm steps on the path of new research IV. The natural science study of so-called psychic activity in higher animals V. Conditional reflexes in dogs after destruction of various parts of the cerebral hemispheres VI. On Dr. Gorshkov's cortical taste centers VII. Some most general points regarding the mechanism of the highest parts of the central nervous system as revealed by the study of the conditional reflexes VIII. Towards establishing the general characteristic of complex-nervous phenomena IX. Further steps in the objective analysis of complex-nervous phenomena as contrasted with their subjective understanding X. General comments on the centers of the cerebral hemispheres XI. Natural science and the brain XII. The challenges and operation of a state-of-the-art research laboratory for the normal activity of the highest part of the central nervous system in the higher animals XIII. About the food center XIV. The basic rules governing the work of the cerebral hemispheres XV. The dog with the cerebral skin analyzer destroyed XVI. The cerebral process of stimuli differentiation XVII. The principal laws governing central nervous system activity as revealed through conditional reflex research XVIII. Summary of results of experiments with extirpation of different parts of the cerebral hemispheres: the conditional reflex method XIX. Internal inhibition as a function of the cerebral hemispheres XX. Objective research on the highest nervous activity of animals XXI. The laboratory for research on activity of the central nervous system of higher animals constructed according to plans by Academician I. P. Pavlov and E. A. Ganike, using resources donated by the Kh. S. Ledentsov Society XXII. Researching the higher nervous activity XXIII. The special lability of internal inhibition in conditional reflexes XXIV. The "real physiology" of the brain XXV. Conditions for the active and restful states of the cerebral hemispheres XXVI. Data for the physiology of sleep XXVII. The purpose reflex XXVIII. An analysis of certain complex reflexes in the dog: the relative strength of the centers and their charge levels XXIX. Physiology and psychology in the study of the higher nervous activity of animals XXX. The freedom reflex XXXI. Psychiatry as a helper for the physiology of the cerebral hemispheres XXXII. A strictly objective study of all the higher manifestations of animal life XXXIII. On the so-called animal hypnosis XXXIV. The normal activity and general constitution of the cerebral hemispheres XXXV. "Internal inhibition" of the conditional reflexes and sleep are one and the same process Added to Pavlov 1924 edition (chapters XXXVI-XXXVIII) XXXVI. The characteristics of the cerebral cortex in terms of changes in the excitability of its various points XXXVII. Another question to be addressed in the physiology of the cerebral hemispheres XXXVIII. The latest advances in the objective study of the higher nervous activity of animals Added to Pavlov 1925 edition (chapter XXXIX) XXXIX. Relations between excitation and inhibition, delimitation of excitation and inhibition, and experimental neuroses in dogs Added to Pavlov 1928 edition (chapters XL-XLII) XL. Healthy and pathological states of the cerebral hemispheres XLI. The inhibitory type of the dog's nervous system XLII. Influence of interruptions in the experiments with conditional reflexes in dogs Added to Pavlov 1932 edition (chapters XLIII-LI) XLIII. A physiological theory of the types of nervous system, a.k.a. temperaments XLIV. Some problems in the physiology of the cerebral hemispheres XLV. A brief sketch of the higher nervous activity XLVI. A trial excursion of a physiologist into the field of psychiatry XLVII. On the physiology of the hypnotic state in the dog XLVIII. On neuroses in humans and animals XLIX. On the possibility of merging the subjective and the objective L. The reply of a physiologist to psychologist LI. Experimental neuroses Added to Pavlov 1938 edition (chapters LII-LXIII) LII. An attempt to interpret the symptomatology of hysteria physiologically LIII. Physiology of the higher nervous activity LIV. A case of an experimental neurosis and its treatment in the weak type of nervous system LV. Dynamic stereotypy of the higher part of the brain LVI. Feelings of possession (les sentiments d'emprise) and the ultra-paradoxical phase LVII. An attempt at a physiological interpretation of obsessive neurosis and paranoia LVIII. Shared types of animal and human higher nervous activity LIX. Experimental pathology of the higher nervous activity LX. Physiological mechanism of the so-called voluntary movements LXI. The conditional reflex LXII. Types of higher nervous activity in relation to neuroses and psychoses, and the physiological mechanism of neurotic and psychotic symptoms LXIII. On the establishment of a new department at the Leningrad Postgraduate Medical Institute Added posthumously in the 1951 edition A. The physiology and pathology of the higher nervous activity B. The problem of sleep C. New research on conditional reflexes Glossary of Pavlovian terms and/or Pavlovian definitions List of Printed Works by the Author's Colleagues Additional Sources Annotated Name Index