Updating and expanding the scope of topics covered in the previous edition, Percutaneous Absorption: Drugs, Cosmetics, Mechanisms, Methods, Fifth Edition supplies new chapters on topics currently impacting the field including cutaneous metabolism, skin contamination, exposure to protein allergens, in vitro absorption methodology and the percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures. Complete with studies on the role of the skin as a key portal of entry for chemicals into the body, this book serves as a detailed reference source for recent advances in the field, as well as an experimental guide for laboratory personnel. Key Features: Details in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring absorption, dermal decontamination, mechanisms of transdermal delivery, and the relationship of transepidermal water loss to percutaneous absorption Considers a range of mathematical models, the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients, the absorption of hair dyes, nanoparticles for drug delivery, and other novel methods of drug delivery Discusses topics including skin metabolism, the skin reservoir, and the effects of desquamation on absorption

Table of Contents:
1 Molecular structure and function of the skin barrier 2 Mathematical Models in Percutaneous Absorption 3 In Vivo Percutaneous Absorption: A Key Role for Stratum Corneum/ Vehicle Partitioning 4 The Skin Reservoir for Topically Applied Solutes 5 Chemical Partitioning into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum: A Useful In Vitro Model for Studying Interaction of Chemicals and Human Skin 6 Variations of Hair Follicle Size and Distribution in Different Body Sites 7 In Vivo Relationship Between Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss 8 The correlation between transepidermal water loss and percutaneous absorption: An updated overview 9 Human Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Correlation 10 Evaluation of Stratum Corneum Heterogeneity 11 Regional Variation in Percutaneous Absorption: Principles and Applications to Human Risk Assessment 12 Effects of Anatomical Location on In Vivo Percutaneous Penetration in Man 13 Interrelationships in the Dose-Response of Percutaneous Absorption 14 Effects of Occlusion: Percutaneous Absorption 15 Occlusion Does Not Uniformly Enhance Penetration In Vivo 16 Effect of Single vs. Multiple Dosing in Percutaneous Absorption 17 Influence of formulation on topical and transdermal drug delivery 18 In Vitro Release from Semisolid Dosage Forms—What Is Its Value? 19 Understanding Skin Metabolism: Effect on Altering In Vitro Skin Absorption and Bioavailability of Topically Applied Chemicals 20 Phenomenon of Lateral Spread in Percutaneous Penetration 21 Clinically Pertinent Factors/Observations Affecting Percutaneous Absorption in Humans 22 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixtures 23 Dermal Decontamination and Percutaneous Absorption 24 Skin Decontaminartion 25 Chemical Warfare Agent VX Penetration Through Military Uniform and Human Skin: Risk Assessment and Decontamination 26 Percutaneous Absorption of Hazardous Chemicals from Fabric into and Through Human Skin 27 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Fabric (Textile) 28 The Fate of Material Remaining in Skin in In Vitro Absorption Studies 29 Skin Absorption of Hair Dyes 30 Hair Dye Penetration in Monkey and Man 31 Percutaneous Absorption of Sunscreens 32 Sunscreen Percutaneous Penetration in Vivo in Man 33 Cutaneous Metabolism of Xenobiotics 34 Chemical modification: an important and feasible method for improving peptide and protein dermal and transdermal delivery 35 Enchancing Percutaneous Penetration of Oligonucleotide Drugs 36 Use of Microemulsions for Topical Drug Delivery 37 Transdermal Delivery of Vesicular Nanocarriers Under Electrical Potential 38 Nanocarriers and physical methods 39 Assessment of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery 40 Clinical Testing of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery 41 Delivery of drugs, vaccines, and cosmeceuticals to skin using microneedle patches 42 Mirconeedle dermatotoxicology 43 Transdermal Transport by sonophoresis 44 Effect of Tape Stripping on Percutaneous Penetration and Topical Vaccination 45 Transcutaneous Delivery of Drugs by Electroporation 46 IONTOPHORESIS IN PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT 47 VEHICLES AND TOPICAL THERAPY 48 The role of in vitro skin models in optimization of dermal drug delivery 49 Effects of phospholipids on skin: use of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts as 2D cell culture models 50 Human cadaver skin viability for in vitro percutaneous absorption: storage and detrimental effects 51 Determination of Percutaneous Absorption by In Vitro Techniques 52 Stripping Method for Measuring Percutaneous Absorption In Vivo 53 Tape Stripping - Technique and Applications 54 Blood flow as technology in percutaneous absorption 55 Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy in the assessment of skin barrier function and drug penetration 56 Microscopy methods for assessing percutaneous drug penetration 57 Dermal sampling techniques with focus on dermal Open Flow Microperfusion 58 Dermal-epidermal Separation Methods: Research Implications 59 Use of Skin Absorption Data in the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients 60 Bioequivalence, Pharmaceutical Equivalence, and Biowaivers: Topical Dosage Forms for Local Action 61 In Vitro Human Nail Model To Evaluate Ungual Absorption and Transungual Delivery 62 Drug Permeation through Burn Eschar: Possibilities and Improvements 63 Percutaneous Penetration in Humans: Transfer of Chemicals via Skin-to-Skin Contact 64 Nanoparticles and Their Combination with Physical Methods for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery