Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings
Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts.
The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention.
A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows:
- Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces
- Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies
- Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory
- Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure
Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 Liquid Surfaces 5
2.1 Microscopic Picture of a Liquid Surface 5
2.2 Surface Tension 6
2.3 Equation of Young and Laplace 10
2.4 Techniques to Measure Surface Tension 15
2.5 Kelvin Equation 20
2.6 Capillary Condensation 23
2.7 Nucleation Theory 26
2.8 Summary 31
2.9 Exercises 31
3 Thermodynamics of Interfaces 33
3.1 Thermodynamic Functions for Bulk Systems 33
3.2 Surface Excess 34
3.3 Thermodynamic Relations for Systems with an Interface 38
3.4 Pure Liquids 43
3.5 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm 45
3.6 Summary 51
3.7 Exercises 51
4 Charged Interfaces and the Electric Double Layer 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Mathematical Description of the Electric Double Layer 55
4.3 Experimental Characterization of Charged Interfaces 68
4.4 Electrokinetic Phenomena: The Zeta Potential 83
4.5 Summary 91
4.6 Exercises 91
5 Surface Forces 93
5.1 Van der Waals Forces between Molecules 93
5.2 Van der Waals Force Between Macroscopic Solids 97
5.3 Concepts for the Description of Surface Forces 107
5.4 Measurement of Surface Forces 110
5.5 Electrostatic Double-Layer Force 112
5.6 Beyond DLVO Theory 119
5.7 Steric and Depletion Interaction 122
5.8 Spherical Particles in Contact 127
5.9 Summary 131
5.10 Exercises 132
6 Contact Angle Phenomena and Wetting 135
6.1 Young's Equation 135
6.2 Wetting of Real Surfaces 145
6.3 Important Wetting Geometries 153
6.4 Dynamics of Wetting and Dewetting 158
6.5 Applications 164
6.6 Thick Films: Spreading of One Liquid on Another 169
6.7 Summary 172
6.8 Exercises 173
7 Solid Surfaces 175
7.1 Introduction 175
7.2 Description of Crystalline Surfaces 176
7.3 Preparation of Clean Surfaces 180
7.4 Thermodynamics of Solid Surfaces 183
7.5 Surface Diffusion 191
7.6 Solid–Solid Interfaces 198
7.7 Microscopy 200
7.8 Diffraction Methods 206
7.9 Spectroscopy 209
7.10 Summary 217
7.11 Exercises 218
8 Adsorption 219
8.1 Introduction 219
8.2 Thermodynamics of Adsorption 224
8.3 Adsorption Models 228
8.4 Experimental Aspects of Adsorption from the Gas Phase 236
8.5 Adsorption from Solution 249
8.6 Summary 251
8.7 Exercises 252
9 Surface Modification 255
9.1 Introduction 255
9.2 Physical and Chemical Vapor Deposition 256
9.3 Soft Matter Deposition 262
9.4 Etching Techniques 274
9.5 Lithography 278
9.6 Summary 280
9.7 Exercises 281
10 Friction, Lubrication, and Wear 283
10.1 Friction 283
10.2 Lubrication 296
10.3 Wear 305
10.4 Summary 306
10.5 Exercises 307
11 Surfactants, Micelles, Emulsions, and Foams 309
11.1 Surfactants 309
11.2 Spherical Micelles, Cylinders, and Bilayers 314
11.3 Macroemulsions 323
11.4 Microemulsions 333
11.5 Foams 338
11.6 Summary 344
11.7 Exercises 345
12 Thin Films on Surfaces of Liquids 347
12.1 Introduction 347
12.2 Phases of Monomolecular Films 350
12.3 Experimental Techniques to Study Monolayers 353
12.4 Langmuir–Blodgett Transfer 366
12.5 Summary 368
12.6 Exercises 369
13 Solutions to Exercises 371
Chapter 2: Liquid Surfaces 371
Chapter 3: Thermodynamics of Surfaces 373
Chapter 4: Charged Interfaces and the Electric Double Layer 375
Chapter 5: Surface Forces 377
Chapter 6: Contact Angle Phenomena and Wetting 380
Chapter 7: Solid Surfaces 382
Chapter 8: Adsorption 384
Chapter 9: Surface Modification 388
Chapter 10: Friction, Lubrication, and Wear 389
Chapter 11: Surfactants, Micelles, Emulsions, and Foams 390
Chapter 12: Thin Films on Surfaces of Liquids 391
14 Analysis of Diffraction Patterns 395
14.1 Diffraction at Three-Dimensional Crystals 395
14.2 Diffraction at Surfaces 399
14.3 Intensity of Diffraction Peaks 400
Appendix A Symbols and Abbreviations 405
Bibliography 411
Index 441
