Cutnell and Johnson has been the #1 text in the algebra-based physics market for almost 20 years. PHYSICS 9e continues that tradition by providing superior support students need to facilitate a deeper level of conceptual understanding, improve their reasoning skills and see the relevance of physics to their lives and future careers. Research studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between time on task and student learning gains. PHYSICS 9e with WileyPLUS offers instructors innovative new tools for engaging students. Through the use of a proven pedagogy that includes integrated reading activities, instructors are able to much more effectively monitor student reading and progress, resulting in a higher level of student engagement with the course content. Success in physics is also based on practice. Working high quality problem sets is one of the best ways for students to learn physics. However, to get the greatest benefit from working problems students need immediate feedback and expert coaching. PHYSICS 9e with WileyPLUS offers an extensive and tested set of assessment questions and sophisticated wrong answer feedback. Access to WileyPLUS not included with this textbook. This text features: ? Tools that help students develop a conceptual understanding of physics: Conceptual Examples, Concepts & Calculations, Focus on Concepts homework material, Check Your Understanding questions, Concept Simulations (an online feature), Concepts at a Glance (available on the instructor companion site). ? Features that help students improve their ability to reason in an organized and mathematically correct manner: Explicit reasoning steps in all examples, Reasoning Strategies for solving certain classes of problems, Analyzing Multiple-Concept Problems, homework problems with associated Guided Online (GO) Tutorials, Interactive LearningWare (an online feature), Interactive Solutions (an online features) ? Examples that show students the relevance of physics to their lives: a wide range of applications from everyday physics to modern technology to biomedical applications. There is extensive support for premed and biomedical students including biomedical applications in the text and end of chapter problems marked with a caduceus, practice MCAT exams, and a supplemental book of biomedical applications.

Table of Contents:
1 Introduction and Mathematical Concepts 1 1.1 The Nature of Physics 1 1.2 Units 1 1.3 The Role of Units in Problem Solving 3 1.4 Trigonometry 6 1.5 Scalars and Vectors 8 1.6 Vector Addition and Subtraction 10 1.7 The Components of a Vector 12 1.8 Addition of Vectors by Means of Components 15 1.9 Concepts & Calculations 18 CONCEPT SUMMARY 20 2 Kinematics in one Dimension 27 2.1 Displacement 27 2.2 Speed and Velocity 28 2.3 Acceleration 30 2.4 Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration 34 2.5 Applications of the Equations of Kinematics 38 2.6 Freely Falling Bodies 43 2.7 Graphical Analysis of Velocity and Acceleration 47 2.8 Concepts & Calculations 49 CONCEPT SUMMARY 51 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions 57 3.1 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration 57 3.2 Equations of Kinematics in Two Dimensions 58 3.3 Projectile Motion 62 3.4 Relative Velocity 72 3.5 Concepts & Calculations 76 CONCEPT SUMMARY 78 4 Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion 85 4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass 85 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion 86 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 87 4.4 The Vector Nature of Newton’s Second Law of Motion 90 4.5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 91 4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview 92 4.7 The Gravitational Force 93 4.8 The Normal Force 97 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces 100 4.10 The Tension Force 106 4.11 Equilibrium Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion 107 4.12 Nonequilibrium Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion 111 4.13 Concepts & Calculations 118 CONCEPT SUMMARY 120 5 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion 130 5.1 Uniform Circular Motion 130 5.2 Centripetal Acceleration 131 5.3 Centripetal Force 134 5.4 Banked Curves 138 5.5 Satellites in Circular Orbits 139 5.6 Apparent Weightlessness and Artificial Gravity 142 5.7 Vertical Circular Motion 146 5.8 Concepts & Calculations 147 CONCEPT SUMMARY 149 6 Work and Energy 155 6.1 Work Done by a Constant Force 155 6.2 The Work–Energy Theorem and Kinetic Energy 158 6.3 Gravitational Potential Energy 165 6.4 Conservative Versus Nonconservative Forces 167 6.5 The Conservation of Mechanical Energy 169 6.6 Nonconservative Forces and the Work–Energy Theorem 172 6.7 Power 174 6.8 Other Forms of Energy and the Conservation of Energy 176 6.9 Work Done by a Variable Force 177 6.10 Concepts & Calculations 178 CONCEPT SUMMARY 181 7 Impulse and Momentum 189 7.1 The Impulse–Momentum Theorem 189 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum 193 7.3 Collisions in One Dimension 198 7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions 203 7.5 Center of Mass 205 7.6 Concepts & Calculations 207 CONCEPT SUMMARY 209 8 Rotational Kinematics 216 8.1 Rotational Motion and Angular Displacement 216 8.2 Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration 219 8.3 The Equations of Rotational Kinematics 221 8.4 Angular Variables and Tangential Variables 223 8.5 Centripetal Acceleration and Tangential Acceleration 225 8.6 Rolling Motion 228 8.7 The Vector Nature of Angular Variables 230 8.8 Concepts & Calculations 230 CONCEPT SUMMARY 233 9 Rotational Dynamics 240 9.1 The Action of Forces and Torques on Rigid Objects 240 9.2 Rigid Objects in Equilibrium 242 9.3 Center of Gravity 247 9.4 Newton’s Second Law for Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis 252 9.5 Rotational Work and Energy 260 9.6 Angular Momentum 263 9.7 Concepts & Calculations 265 CONCEPT SUMMARY 267 10 Simple Harmonic Motion and Elasticity 276 10.1 The Ideal Spring and Simple Harmonic Motion 276 10.2 Simple Harmonic Motion and the Reference Circle 280 10.3 Energy and Simple Harmonic Motion 285 10.4 The Pendulum 288 10.5 Damped Harmonic Motion 291 10.6 Driven Harmonic Motion and Resonance 292 10.7 Elastic Deformation 293 10.8 Stress, Strain, and Hooke’s Law 298 10.9 Concepts & Calculations 299 CONCEPT SUMMARY 301 11 Fluids 310 11.1 Mass Density 310 11.2 Pressure 311 11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid 313 11.4 Pressure Gauges 316 11.5 Pascal’s Principle 317 11.6 Archimedes’ Principle 320 11.7 Fluids in Motion 324 11.8 The Equation of Continuity 326 11.9 Bernoulli’s Equation 328 11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation 330 11.11 Viscous Flow 335 11.12 Concepts & Calculations 337 CONCEPT SUMMARY 340 12 Temperature and Heat 348 12.1 Common Temperature Scales 348 12.2 The Kelvin Temperature Scale 349 12.3 Thermometers 350 12.4 Linear Thermal Expansion 352 12.5 Volume Thermal Expansion 358 12.6 Heat and Internal Energy 360 12.7 Heat and Temperature Change: Specific Heat Capacity 360 12.8 Heat and Phase Change: Latent Heat 365 12.9 Equilibrium Between Phases of Matter 369 12.10 Humidity 372 12.11 Concepts & Calculations 374 CONCEPT SUMMARY 376 13 The Transfer of Heat 384 13.1 Convection 384 13.2 Conduction 387 13.3 Radiation 393 13.4 Applications 398 13.5 Concepts & Calculations 399 CONCEPT SUMMARY 401 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory 406 14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro’s Number 406 14.2 The Ideal Gas Law 409 14.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases 414 14.4 Diffusion 419 14.5 Concepts & Calculations 422 CONCEPT SUMMARY 425 15 Thermodynamics 431 15.1 Thermodynamic Systems and Their Surroundings 431 15.2 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 431 15.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics 432 15.4 Thermal Processes 434 15.5 Thermal Processes Using an Ideal Gas 438 15.6 Specific Heat Capacities 441 15.7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 442 15.8 Heat Engines 443 15.9 Carnot’s Principle and the Carnot Engine 444 15.10 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps 447 15.11 Entropy 451 15.12 The Third Law of Thermodynamics 455 15.13 Concepts & Calculations 455 CONCEPT SUMMARY 458 16 Waves and Sound 467 16.1 The Nature of Waves 467 16.2 Periodic Waves 469 16.3 The Speed of a Wave on a String 470 16.4 The Mathematical Description of a Wave 473 16.5 The Nature of Sound 473 16.6 The Speed of Sound 476 16.7 Sound Intensity 480 16.8 Decibels 482 16.9 The Doppler Effect 484 16.10 Applications of Sound in Medicine 490 16.11 The Sensitivity of the Human Ear 491 16.12 Concepts & Calculations 492 CONCEPT SUMMARY 494 17 The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena 503 17.1 The Principle of Linear Superposition 503 17.2 Constructive and Destructive Interference of Sound Waves 504 17.3 Diffraction 508 17.4 Beats 510 17.5 Transverse Standing Waves 512 17.6 Longitudinal Standing Waves 516 17.7 Complex Sound Waves 520 17.8 Concepts & Calculations 520 CONCEPT SUMMARY 522 18 Electric Forces and Electric Fields 529 18.1 The Origin of Electricity 529 18.2 Charged Objects and the Electric Force 530 18.3 Conductors and Insulators 532 18.4 Charging by Contact and by Induction 533 18.5 Coulomb’s Law 534 18.6 The Electric Field 539 18.7 Electric Field Lines 545 18.8 The Electric Field Inside a Conductor: Shielding 548 18.9 Gauss’ Law 550 18.10 Copiers and Computer Printers 554 18.11 Concepts & Calculations 555 CONCEPT SUMMARY 558 19 Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential 565 19.1 Potential Energy 565 19.2 The Electric Potential Difference 566 19.3 The Electric Potential Difference Created by Point Charges 572 19.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Their Relation to the Electric Field 576 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics 579 19.6 Biomedical Applications of Electric Potential Differences 584 19.7 Concepts & Calculations 587 CONCEPT SUMMARY 589 20 Electric Circuits 595 20.1 Electromotive Force and Current 595 20.2 Ohm’s Law 597 20.3 Resistance and Resistivity 598 20.4 Electric Power 601 20.5 Alternating Current 603 20.6 Series Wiring 606 20.7 Parallel Wiring 609 20.8 Circuits Wired Partially in Series and Partially in Parallel 613 20.9 Internal Resistance 614 20.10 Kirchhoff’s Rules 615 20.11 The Measurement of Current and Voltage 618 20.12 Capacitors in Series and in Parallel 620 20.13 RC Circuits 622 20.14 Safety and the Physiological Effects of Current 623 20.15 Concepts & Calculations 624 CONCEPT SUMMARY 626 21 Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields 637 21.1 Magnetic Fields 637 21.2 The Force that a Magnetic Field Exerts on a Moving Charge 639 21.3 The Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field 642 21.4 The Mass Spectrometer 646 21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field 647 21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil 649 21.7 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents 651 21.8 Ampère’s Law 660 21.9 Magnetic Materials 661 21.10 Concepts & Calculations 664 CONCEPT SUMMARY 666 22 Electromagnetic Induction 674 22.1 Induced Emf and Induced Current 674 22.2 Motional Emf 676 22.3 Magnetic Flux 681 22.4 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction 683 22.5 Lenz’s Law 686 22.6 Applications of Electromagnetic Induction to the Reproduction of Sound 689 22.7 The Electric Generator 690 22.8 Mutual Inductance and Self-Inductance 695 22.9 Transformers 700 22.10 Concepts & Calculations 702 CONCEPT SUMMARY 705 23 Alternating Current Circuits 713 23.1 Capacitors and Capacitive Reactance 713 23.2 Inductors and Inductive Reactance 715 23.3 Circuits Containing Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance 717 23.4 Resonance in Electric Circuits 722 23.5 Semiconductor Devices 726 23.6 Concepts & Calculations 731 CONCEPT SUMMARY 734 24 Electromagnetic Waves 739 24.1 The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 739 24.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 743 24.3 The Speed of Light 745 24.4 The Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Waves 747 24.5 The Doppler Effect and Electromagnetic Waves 751 24.6 Polarization 754 24.7 Concepts & Calculations 759 CONCEPT SUMMARY 761 25 The Reflection of Light: Mirrors 768 25.1 Wave Fronts and Rays 768 25.2 The Reflection of Light 769 25.3 The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror 770 25.4 Spherical Mirrors 772 25.5 The Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors 775 25.6 The Mirror Equation and the Magnification Equation 779 25.7 Concepts & Calculations 784 CONCEPT SUMMARY 785 26 The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments 790 26.1 The Index of Refraction 790 26.2 Snell’s Law and the Refraction of Light 791 26.3 Total Internal Reflection 796 26.4 Polarization and the Reflection and Refraction of Light 802 26.5 The Dispersion of Light: Prisms and Rainbows 802 26.6 Lenses 804 26.7 The Formation of Images by Lenses 805 26.8 The Thin-Lens Equation and the Magnification Equation 808 26.9 Lenses in Combination 811 26.10 The Human Eye 813 26.11 Angular Magnification and the Magnifying Glass 817 26.12 The Compound Microscope 819 26.13 The Telescope 820 26.14 Lens Aberrations 822 26.15 Concepts & Calculations 823 CONCEPT SUMMARY 825 27 Interference and the Wave Nature of Light 836 27.1 The Principle of Linear Superposition 836 27.2 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 838 27.3 Thin-Film Interference 841 27.4 The Michelson Interferometer 845 27.5 Diffraction 846 27.6 Resolving Power 850 27.7 The Diffraction Grating 855 27.8 Compact Discs, Digital Video Discs, and the Use of Interference 857 27.9 X-Ray Diffraction 858 27.10 Concepts & Calculations 859 CONCEPT SUMMARY 862 28 Special Relativity 869 28.1 Events and Inertial Reference Frames 869 28.2 The Postulates of Special Relativity 870 28.3 The Relativity of Time: Time Dilation 872 28.4 The Relativity of Length: Length Contraction 876 28.5 Relativistic Momentum 878 28.6 The Equivalence of Mass and Energy 880 28.7 The Relativistic Addition of Velocities 885 28.8 Concepts & Calculations 888 CONCEPT SUMMARY 890 29 Particles and Waves 895 29.1 The Wave–Particle Duality 895 29.2 Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Constant 896 29.3 Photons and the Photoelectric Effect 897 29.4 The Momentum of a Photon and the Compton Effect 903 29.5 The De Broglie Wavelength and the Wave Nature of Matter 906 29.6 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 908 29.7 Concepts & Calculations 911 CONCEPT SUMMARY 913 30 The Nature of the Atom 918 30.1 Rutherford Scattering and the Nuclear Atom 918 30.2 Line Spectra 919 30.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 921 30.4 De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Assumption about Angular Momentum 926 30.5 The Quantum Mechanical Picture of the Hydrogen Atom 926 30.6 The Pauli Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table of the Elements 930 30.7 X-Rays 933 30.8 The Laser 937 30.9 Medical Applications of the Laser 939 30.10 Holography 941 30.11 Concepts & Calculations 943 CONCEPT SUMMARY 946 31 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity 952 31.1 Nuclear Structure 952 31.2 The Strong Nuclear Force and the Stability of the Nucleus 954 31.3 The Mass Defect of the Nucleus and Nuclear Binding Energy 955 31.4 Radioactivity 958 31.5 The Neutrino 965 31.6 Radioactive Decay and Activity 966 31.7 Radioactive Dating 969 31.8 Radioactive Decay Series 973 31.9 Radiation Detectors 973 31.10 Concepts & Calculations 975 CONCEPT SUMMARY 976 32 Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Energy, and Elementary Particles 982 32.1 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation 982 32.2 Induced Nuclear Reactions 986 32.3 Nuclear Fission 988 32.4 Nuclear Reactors 990 32.5 Nuclear Fusion 991 32.6 Elementary Particles 994 32.7 Cosmology 999 32.8 Concepts & Calculations 1001 CONCEPT SUMMARY 1004 Appendixes A-1 Appendix A Powers of Ten and Scientific Notation A-1 Appendix B Significant Figures A-1 Appendix C Algebra A-2 Appendix D Exponents and Logarithms A-3 Appendix E Geometry and Trigonometry A-4 Appendix F Selected Isotopes A-5 Answers to Check Your Understanding A-9 Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems A-16 Index A-27