The most up-to-date book available on the physics of photonic devices This new edition of Physics of Photonic Devices incorporates significant advancements in the field of photonics that have occurred since publication of the first edition (Physics of Optoelectronic Devices). New topics covered include a brief history of the invention of semiconductor lasers, the Lorentz dipole method and metal plasmas, matrix optics, surface plasma waveguides, optical ring resonators, integrated electroabsorption modulator-lasers, and solar cells. It also introduces exciting new fields of research such as: surface plasmonics and micro-ring resonators; the theory of optical gain and absorption in quantum dots and quantum wires and their applications in semiconductor lasers; and novel microcavity and photonic crystal lasers, quantum-cascade lasers, and GaN blue-green lasers within the context of advanced semiconductor lasers. Physics of Photonic Devices, Second Edition presents novel information that is not yet available in book form elsewhere. Many problem sets have been updated, the answers to which are available in an all-new Solutions Manual for instructors. Comprehensive, timely, and practical, Physics of Photonic Devices is an invaluable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in photonics and an indispensable tool for researchers working in this rapidly growing field.

Table of Contents:
Preface xiii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Basic Concepts of Semiconductor Band and Bonding Diagrams 1 1.2 The Invention of Semiconductor Lasers 4 1.3 The Field of Optoelectronics 8 1.4 Overview of the Book 15 Problems 19 References 19 Bibliography 21 Part I Fundamentals 25 Chapter 2. Basic Semiconductor Electronics 27 2.1 Maxwell’s Equations and Boundary Conditions 27 2.2 Semiconductor Electronics Equations 30 2.3 Generation and Recombination in Semiconductors 40 2.4 Examples and Applications to Optoelectronic Devices 48 2.5 Semiconductor p-N and n-P Heterojunctions 53 2.6 Semiconductor n-N Heterojunctions and Metal–Semiconductor Junctions 69 Problems 73 References 74 Chapter 3. Basic Quantum Mechanics 77 3.1 Schrödinger Equation 78 3.2 The Square Well 80 3.3 The Harmonic Oscillator 90 3.4 The Hydrogen Atom and Exciton in 2D and 3D 95 3.5 Time-Independent Perturbation Theory 97 3.6 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory 104 Appendix 3A: Löwdin’s Renormalization Method 107 Problems 110 References 111 Chapter 4. Theory of Electronic Band Structures in Semiconductors 113 4.1 The Bloch Theorem and the k p Method for Simple Bands Kane’s Model for Band Structure: The k p Method with 113 4.2 the Spin–Orbit Interaction 118 4.3 Luttinger–Kohn Model: The k p Method for Degenerate Bands 126 4.4 The Effective Mass Theory for a Single Band and Degenerate Bands 130 4.5 Strain Effects on Band Structures 132 4.6 Electronic States in an Arbitrary One-Dimensional Potential 144 4.7 Kronig–Penney Model for a Superlattice 152 4.8 Band Structures of Semiconductor Quantum Wells 158 4.9 Band Structures of Strained Semiconductor Quantum Wells 168 Problems 172 References 174 Part II Propagation of Light 179 Chapter 5. Electromagnetics and Light Propagation 181 5.1 Time-Harmonic Fields and Duality Principle 181 5.2 Poynting’s Theorem and Reciprocity Relations 183 5.3 Plane Wave Solutions for Maxwell’s Equations in Homogeneous Media 186 5.4 Light Propagation in Isotropic Media 186 5.5 Wave Propagation in Lossy Media: Lorentz Oscillator Model and Metal Plasma 189 5.6 Plane Wave Reflection from a Surface 197 5.7 Matrix Optics 202 5.8 Propagation Matrix Approach for Plane Wave Reflection from a Multilayered Medium 206 5.9 Wave Propagation in Periodic Media 210 Appendix 5A: Kramers–Kronig Relations 220 Problems 223 References 224 Chapter 6. Light Propagation in Anisotropic Media and Radiation 227 6.1 Light Propagation in Uniaxial Media 227 6.2 Wave Propagation in Gyrotropic Media: Magnetooptic Effects 239 6.3 General Solutions to Maxwell’s Equations and Gauge Transformations 246 6.4 Radiation and the Far-Field Pattern 249 Problems 254 References 256 Chapter 7. Optical Waveguide Theory 257 7.1 Symmetric Dielectric Slab Waveguides 257 7.2 Asymmetric Dielectric Slab Waveguides 268 7.3 Ray Optics Approach to Waveguide Problems 271 7.4 Rectangular Dielectric Waveguides 273 7.5 The Effective Index Method 279 7.6 Wave Guidance in a Lossy or Gain Medium 281 7.7 Surface Plasmon Waveguides 285 Problems 290 References 293 Chapter 8. Coupled-Mode Theory 295 8.1 Waveguide Couplers 295 8.2 Coupled Optical Waveguides 300 8.3 Applications of Optical Waveguide Couplers 307 8.4 Optical Ring Resonators and Add-Drop Filters 311 8.5 Distributed Feedback (DFB) Structures 322 Appendix 8A: Coupling Coefficients for Parallel Waveguides 332 Appendix 8B: Improved Coupled-Mode Theory 333 Problems 334 References 339 Part III Generation of Light 345 Chapter 9. Optical Processes in Semiconductors 347 9.1 Optical Transitions Using Fermi’s Golden Rule 347 9.2 Spontaneous and Stimulated Emissions 353 9.3 Interband Absorption and Gain of Bulk Semiconductors 360 9.4 Interband Absorption and Gain in a Quantum Well 365 9.5 Interband Momentum Matrix Elements of Bulk and Quantum-Well Semiconductors 371 9.6 Quantum Dots and Quantum Wires 375 9.7 Intersubband Absorption 384 9.8 Gain Spectrum in a Quantum-Well Laser with Valence-Band Mixing Effects 391 Appendix 9A: Coordinate Transformation of the Basis Functions and the Momentum Matrix Elements 398 Problems 401 References 405 Chapter 10. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Lasers 411 10.1 Double-Heterojunction Semiconductor Lasers 412 10.2 Gain-Guided and Index-Guided Semiconductor Lasers 428 10.3 Quantum-Well Lasers 432 10.4 Strained Quantum-Well Lasers 446 10.5 Strained Quantum-Dot Lasers 457 Problems 472 References 474 Chapter 11. Advanced Semiconductor Lasers 487 11.1 Distributed Feedback Lasers 487 11.2 Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers 502 11.3 Microcavity and Photonic Crystal Lasers 515 11.4 Quantum-Cascade Lasers 530 11.5 GaN-Based Blue–Green Lasers and LEDs 548 11.6 Coupled Laser Arrays 571 Appendix 11A: Hamiltonian for Strained Wurtzite Crystals 578 Appendix 11B: Band-Edge Optical Transition Matrix Elements 581 Problems 583 References 584 Part IV Modulation of Light 603 Chapter 12. Direct Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers 605 12.1 Rate Equations and Linear Gain Analysis 605 12.2 High-Speed Modulation Response with Nonlinear Gain Saturation 611 12.3 Transport Effects on Quantum-Well Lasers: Electrical versus Optical Modulation 614 12.4 Semiconductor Laser Spectral Linewidth and the Linewidth Enhancement Factor 622 12.5 Relative Intensity Noise Spectrum 629 Problems 632 References 632 Chapter 13. Electrooptic and Acoustooptic Modulators 639 13.1 Electrooptic Effects and Amplitude Modulators 639 13.2 Phase Modulators 648 13.3 Electrooptic Effects in Waveguide Devices 652 13.4 Scattering of Light by Sound: Raman–Nath and Bragg Diffractions 658 13.5 Coupled-Mode Analysis for Bragg Acoustooptic Wave Couplers 661 Problems 664 References 666 Chapter 14. Electroabsorption Modulators 669 14.1 General Formulation for Optical Absorption Due to an Electron–Hole Pair 670 14.2 Franz–Keldysh Effect: Photon-Assisted Tunneling 673 14.3 Exciton Effect 677 14.4 Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) 683 14.5 Electroabsorption Modulator 691 14.6 Integrated Electroabsorption Modulator-Laser (EML) 693 14.7 Self-Electrooptic Effect Devices (SEEDs) 702 Appendix 14A: Two-Particle Wave Function and the Effective Mass Equation 705 Appendix 14B: Solution of the Electron–Hole Effective-Mass Equation with Excitonic Effects 709 Problems 714 References 714 Part V Detection of Light and Solar Cells 721 Chapter 15. Photodetectors and Solar Cells 723 15.1 Photoconductors 723 15.2 p-n Junction Photodiodes 734 15.3 p-i-n Photodiodes 740 15.4 Avalanche Photodiodes 744 15.5 Intersubband Quantum-Well Photodetectors 756 15.6 Solar Cells 761 Problems 776 References 778 Appendix A. Semiconductor Heterojunction Band Lineups in the Model–Solid Theory 787 Appendix B. Optical Constants of GaAs and InP 797 Appendix C. Appendix D. Electronic Properties of Si, Ge, and a Few Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Compounds 801 Parameters for InN, GaN, AlN, and Their Ternary Compounds 807 Index 811