Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Up-to-date polymer nanocomposite principles, practices, and characteristics This fully updated guide helps engineers and scientists understand and use the special properties of cutting-edge polymer nanocomposites. Written by a recognized authority in the field, Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing, Characterization, and Applications, Second Edition, begins with an overview of key technologies and processes. Each chapter then examines a different property (structural, mechanical, thermal, flammability, ablation, and electrical) and explains relevant commercial and industrial applications. Examples for a wide variety of usage include applications for spacecraft and defense vehicles, medical and dental implants, flame-retardant and conductive polymers for additive manufacturing, and fire-resistant woven and nonwoven fabrics. Coverage includes: • Nanotechnology and nanomaterials fundamentals • Applications in an expansive range of industries and commercial sectors • Processing of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites • Structure and properties characterization • Mechanical, thermal, flammability, ablation, electrical, and tribological properties • Opportunities, trends, and challenges in the field

Table of Contents:
Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Author Contents Preface Part 1 Nanomaterials, Processing, and Characterization 1 Introduction to Nanotechnology 1.1 Definition of Nanotechnology 1.2 Brief History of Nanotechnology 1.3 What Is the Significance of Nanoscale Materials? 1.4 Why Is This Nanoscale So Special and Unique? 1.5 How Polymer Nanocomposites Work 1.6 Strengths and Weaknesses of Nanoparticles 1.7 Safety of Nanoparticles 1.8 Overview of the Book 1.9 Summary 1.10 Study Questions 1.11 References 1.12 Further Reading 2 An Overview of Nanomaterials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Types of Nanomaterials 2.2.1 One Nanoscale Dimension in the Form of Lamellar 2.2.2 Two Nanoscale Dimensions in the Form of Fibers 2.2.3 Three Nanoscale Dimensions in the Form of Particulates 2.3 Summary 2.4 Study Questions 2.5 References 3 Selecting Resin Matrix and Nanomaterials for Applications 3.1 Characteristics of Polymer Nanocomposites 3.2 Different Types of Polymer Nanocomposites 3.2.1 Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 3.2.2 Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 3.2.3 Elastomer-Based Nanocomposites 3.3 Summary 3.4 Study Questions 3.5 References 4 Processing of Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites 4.1 Synthesis Methods 4.2 Solution Intercalation 4.2.1 Solution Intercalation from Polymers in Solution 4.2.2 Solution Intercalation from Prepolymers in Solution 4.3 Melt Intercalation 4.3.1 Thermoplastic Nanocomposites 4.3.2 Elastomer Nanocomposites 4.4 Three-Roll Milling 4.5 Centrifugal Processing 4.6 In Situ Polymerization 4.6.1 Thermoplastic Nanocomposites 4.6.2 Thermoset Nanocomposites 4.6.3 Rubber-Modified Epoxy Nanocomposites 4.7 Emulsion Polymerization 4.8 High-Shear Mixing 4.9 Ultrasonic Mixing 4.10 Summary 4.11 Study Questions 4.12 References 5 Structure and Property Characterization 5.1 Global Characterization Methods 5.2 Optical Microscopy 5.3 X-Ray Diffraction 5.4 Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy 5.4.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 5.4.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 5.4.3 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) 5.5 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) 5.6 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) 5.6.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) 5.6.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 5.7 Raman Spectroscopy 5.8 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 5.9 Other Techniques 5.10 Mechanical Properties 5.11 Thermal Properties 5.11.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 5.11.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 5.11.3 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) 5.11.4 Thermal Conductivity 5.11.5 Other Thermal Properties 5.12 Flammability Properties 5.12.1 Cone Calorimeter (CC) 5.12.2 Mass Loss Calorimetry (MLC) 5.12.3 Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) 5.12.4 Oxygen Index—Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) 5.12.5 UL 94 5.12.6 Steiner Tunnel Test (ASTM E 84) 5.13 Ablation Properties 5.13.1 Simulated Solid Rocket Motor (SSRM) 5.13.2 Subscale Solid Rocket Motor (Char Motor) 5.13.3 Oxyacetylene Test Bed (OTB) 5.13.4 Char Strength Sensor 5.13.5 In Situ Ablation Recession and Thermal Sensors 5.14 Electrical Properties 5.15 Other Properties 5.16 Summary, Future Needs, and Assessments 5.17 Study Questions 5.18 References Part 2 Multifunctional Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 6 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 6.2.1 Nanoclay-Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites 6.2.2 Carbon-Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites 6.2.3 Other Nanomaterial-Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites 6.2.4 Summary of Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 6.3 Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 6.3.1 Nanoclay-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites 6.3.2 Carbon-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites 6.3.3 Other Nanomaterial-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites 6.3.4 Summary of Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 6.4 Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 6.4.1 Epoxy Nanocomposites 6.4.2 Special Types of CNT-Based Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 6.4.3 Summary of Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 6.5 Overall Summary 6.6 Study Questions 6.7 References 7 Thermal Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 7.2.1 Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites 7.2.2 PEEK–Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposites 7.2.3 PVC-Layered Double-Hydroxide Nanocomposites 7.2.4 Hybrid Systems 7.2.5 Summary of Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 7.3 Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 7.3.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane–Montmorillonite Clay 7.3.2 Thermoplastic Polyurethane–MWNT Nanocomposites 7.3.3 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Mixed with Laponite and Cloisite 7.3.4 Poly(dimethyl siloxane)/Boron Nitride 7.3.5 Polyethylene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 7.3.6 Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/ZnO 7.3.7 Summary of Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 7.4 Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 7.4.1 Epoxy Nanocomposites 7.4.2 Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites 7.4.3 Heterogeneously Structured Conductive Resin Matrix/Graphite Fiber Composite for High Thermal Conductive Structural Applications 7.5 Summary of Thermal Conductivity Properties of Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 7.6 Phenylethynyl Polyimide–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites 7.7 Summary of Thermal Properties of Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 7.8 Overall Summary 7.9 Study Questions 7.10 References 8 Flammability Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Thermal and Flame Retardancy Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 8.2.1 One Nanoscale Dimension–Based Nanocomposites 8.2.2 Two Nanoscale Dimensions–Based Nanocomposites 8.2.3 Three Nanoscale Dimensions–Based Nanocomposites 8.2.4 Multicomponent FR Systems: Polymer Nanocomposites Combined with Additional Materials 8.3 Flame-Retardant Mechanisms of Polymer Nanocomposites 8.4 Concluding Remarks and Trends of Polymer Nanocomposites 8.5 Study Questions 8.6 References 9 Ablation Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Behavior of Thermal Protection Materials 9.3 Polymer Nanocomposite Review 9.3.1 Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Studies 9.3.2 Polymer-Clay Nanocomposite Studies 9.3.3 EPDM Nanocomposite Studies 9.3.4 Natural Rubber (NR) and Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) Nanocomposite Studies 9.3.5 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposite (TPUN) Studies 9.3.6 Phenolic Nanocomposite Studies 9.4 In Situ Ablation Sensing Technology 9.4.1 A Comparison Among the Temperature Profiles of High-, Mid-, and Low-Density Materials 9.4.2 Summary and Conclusions of Ablation Recession Rate of Different Types of Ablatives and Future Outlook 9.5 Overall Summary and Conclusions 9.6 Study Questions 9.7 References 10 Electrical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Electrical Properties of Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 10.2.1 Carbon Nanotube–Reinforced Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 10.2.2 Carbon Nanofiber–Reinforced Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 10.2.3 Graphite-Reinforced Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites 10.3 Electrical Properties of Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 10.3.1 Carbon Nanotube–Reinforced Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 10.3.2 Carbon Nanofiber–Reinforced Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 10.3.3 Carbon Black–Reinforced Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 10.3.4 Graphite-Reinforced Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites 10.4 Electrical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 10.4.1 Inorganic Filler in Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 10.4.2 Organic Fillers in Thermoplastic Elastomer–Based Nanocomposites 10.5 Summary 10.6 Study Questions 10.7 References 11 Widespread Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Tribological Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 11.2.1 Abrasion, Wear, and Scratch Resistance Characterization Techniques 11.2.2 Wear and Abrasion Resistance of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites 11.2.3 Wear and Scratch Resistance of Polymer–Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites 11.2.4 Wear Resistance of PTFE-Graphene Nanocomposites 11.2.5 Summary of Tribological Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 11.3 Permeability Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites and Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in the Oil Field 11.4 Overall Summary 11.5 Study Questions 11.6 References 11.7 Further Reading Part 3 Opportunities and Trends for Polymer Nanocomposites 12 Opportunities, Trends, and Challenges for Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Government and Commercial Research Opportunities 12.2.1 U.S. Government Research Opportunities, Program Plans, and Progress 12.2.2 Commercial Market Opportunities 12.2.3 Cost and Property and Geographical Breakdown Analyses 12.2.4 Technical and Funding Developments 12.3 Nanotechnology Research Output 12.4 Trend and Forecast 12.5 Challe nges 12.5.1 Manufacturability of Nanoparticles 12.5.2 Manufacturability of Polymer Nanocomposites 12.6 Concluding Remarks 12.7 References Index