The classic programming guide for architects and clients¿¿—fully updated and revised Architectural programming is a team effort that requires close cooperation between architects and their clients. Problem Seeking, Fifth Edition lays out a five-step procedure that teams can follow when programming any building or series of buildings, from a small house to a hospital complex. This simple yet comprehensive process encompasses the entire range of factors that influence the design of buildings. This Fifth Edition of the only programming guide appropriate for both architect and client features new information related to BIM, integrated practice, and sustainable design when programming. Supplemented with more than 120 illustrations and diagrams updated for this edition, this indispensable resource provides revised technical information and faster, easier access to explanations, examples, and tools, including: Guidance on incorporating the latest technological tools when programming A primer on discounted cash flow analysis and net present value analysis Project statement examples organized by project phase and building type Useful techniques for data management, functional relationship analysis, and more

Table of Contents:
Foreword vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Part One Problem Seeking an Architectural Programming Primer 1 Overview 2 The Primer 2 The Search 4 Programmers and Designers 6 Analysis and Synthesis 8 The Separation 10 The Interface 12 Process 14 Five Steps 14 Procedure 16 Considerations 18 The Whole Problem 18 Four Considerations 20 Framework 22 Information 24 Information Index Matrix 26 Organizing Information 28 Two-Phase Process 30 Data Clog 32 Processing and Discarding 34 Participation 36 User on Team 36 Effective Group Action 38 Team 40 Participatory Process 42 Background Information 43 Decision Making 44 Communication 46 Steps 48 Establish Goals 48 Collect and Analyze Facts 50 Uncover and Test Concepts 52 Determine Needs 66 Cost Estimate Analysis 68 Abstract to the Essence 70 State the Problem 72 Summary 74 Programming Principles 74 Part Two How to Use the Method 77 Introduction 78 Definitions and Examples 78 On Theory and Process 80 On Considerations 85 On Goals 85 On Facts 89 On Concepts 90 On Needs 96 On Problem Statements 124 Programming Procedures 146 Establish Goals 146 Collect and Analyze Facts 148 Uncover and Test Concepts 150 Determine Needs 152 State the Problem 153 Programming Activities 154 Typical Programming Activities 154 Four Degrees of Sophistication 164 Variable Conditions 168 How to Simplify Design Problems 170 Useful Techniques 172 Data Management 173 Questionnaires184 Interviews and Work Sessions 194 Audio- and Videoconferencing 206 Functional Relationship Analysis 208 Gaming and Simulation 210 Space Lists 216 Program Development 222 Brown Sheets and Visualization 231 Analysis Cards and Wall Displays 236 Electronic White Boards and Flip Charts 246 Electronic Presentations 253 Programming Reports 255 Program Evaluation 256 Building Evaluation 260 Selected Bibliography 265 Index 267 About The Authors 273