Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 53. Chapters: Ribosome, Genetic code, Posttranslational modification, Chaperone, Messenger RNA, Stop codon, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, Signal recognition particle RNA, Transfer-messenger RNA, Artificial gene synthesis, Transfer RNA, Internal ribosome entry site, EIF2, Ribosomal RNA, Protein synthesis inhibitor, Kozak consensus sequence, Intein, Eukaryotic translation, DNA codon table, Leader peptidase A, Synonymous substitution, RLI, Eukaryotic initiation factor, Prokaryotic translation, Wobble base pair, Ribosomal protein, Shine-Dalgarno sequence, EF-G, Rotavirus translation, Negative elongation factor, Aminoacyl-tRNA, Reading frame, RNase III, Protein splicing, Polysome, EF-Tu, Protein turnover, Prokaryotic initiation factor, Nitrosylation, Synthetic gene database, N-end rule, Genetic codes, EEF-1, T arm, Eukaryotic elongation factors, Ribosomal binding site, Protease accumulated by inhibitors, Prokaryotic initiation factor-3, Vectorial synthesis, Prokaryotic elongation factors, Prokaryotic initiation factor-2, Prokaryotic initiation factors, EIF2B, Prokaryotic initiation factor-1, Sup45p, Ribosome shunting, EF-Ts. Excerpt: The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. The code defines how sequences of three nucleotides, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see the RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact there are many variant codes. For example, protein synthesis in hum...