Late Medieval and Renaissance art was surprisingly pushy; its architecture demanded that people move through it in prescribed patterns, its sculptures played elaborate games alternating between concealment and revelation, while its paintings charged viewers with imaginatively moving through them. Viewers wanted to interact with artwork in emotional and/or performative ways. This inventive and personal interface between viewers and artists sometimes conflicted with the Church’s prescribed devotional models, and in some cases it complemented them. Artists and patrons responded to the desire for both spontaneous and sanctioned interactions by creating original ways to amplify devotional experiences. The authors included here study the provocation and the reactions associated with medieval and Renaissance art and architecture. These essays trace the impetus towards interactivity from the points of view of their creators and those who used them. Contributors include: Mickey Abel, Alfred Acres, Kathleen Ashley, Viola Belghaus, Sarah Blick, Erika Boeckeler, Robert L.A. Clark, Lloyd DeWitt, Michelle Erhardt, Megan H. Foster-Campbell, Juan Luis González García, Laura D. Gelfand, Elina Gertsman, Walter S. Gibson, Margaret Goehring, Lex Hermans, Fredrika Jacobs, Annette LeZotte, Jane C. Long, Henry Luttikhuizen, Elizabeth Monroe, Scott B. Montgomery, Amy M. Morris, Vibeke Olson, Katherine Poole, Alexa Sand, Donna L. Sadler, Pamela Sheingorn, Suzanne Karr Schmidt, Anne Rudloff Stanton, Janet Snyder, Rita Tekippe, Mark Trowbridge, Mark S. Tucker, Kristen Van Ausdall, Susan Ward.

Table of Contents:
IMAGINATIVE VOLUME, Volume I CONTENTS Acknowledgements List of Contributors Illustrations … Introduction PART I: SHIFTING PERSPECTIVES: TEXT, IMAGE, AND INTERACTION Chapter 1 Encountering a Dream-Vision: Visual and Verbal Glosses to Guillaume de Digulleville’s Pelerinage Jhesucrist Robert Clark & Pamela Sheingorn Chapter 2 Dangerous Passages and Spiritual Redemption in the Hortus Deliciarum Elizabeth Monroe Chapter 3 Turning the Pages: Marginal Narratives and Devotional Practice in Gothic Prayerbooks Anne Stanton Chapter 4 Exploring the Border: the Breviary of Eleanor of Portugal Margaret Goehring Chapter 5 Inhabiting Alphabetic Space: Early Modern Architectural and Human Alphabets Erika Boeckler PART II: IMAGINED PILGRIMAGE AND SPIRITUAL TOURISM Chapter 6 Still Walking: Spiritual Pilgrimage, Early Dutch Painting and the Dynamics of Faith Henry Luttikhuizen Chapter 7 Pilgrimage through the Pages: Pilgrims’ Badges in Late Medieval Devotional Manuscripts Megan Foster-Campbell PART III: INDULGENCES AND INTERACTIVITY Chapter 8 Prayers and Promises: The Interactive Indulgence Print in the Later Middle Ages Walter Gibson Chapter 9 Art and Advertising: Late Medieval Altarpieces in Germany Amy Morris Chapter 10 Who Sees Christ? An Alabaster Panel of the Mass of St. Gregory Susan Ward PART IV: PERFORMATIVITY AND EMPATHIC DEVOTIONAL PRACTICE Chapter 1 The Well of Moses and Roland Barthes’ ‘Punctum’ of Piety Donna Sadler Chapter 12 Sin and Redemption in Late-Medieval Art and Theater: The Magdalen as Role Model in Hugo van der Goes’s Vienna Diptych Mark Trowbridge Chapter 13 Communicating with the Eucharist: Sacramental Images and Spiritual Communion Kristen Van Ausdall Chapter 14 The Visual and Verbal Rhetoric of Royal Private Piety in Renaissance Spain Juan Luis González García PART V: REFLECTIONS IN MIRRORS, WALLS, AND INTERSTICES Chapter 15 The fairest of them all: Reflections on Some Fourteenth-Century Mirrors Alexa Sand Chapter 16 Bones and Stones: Imaging Sacred Defense in Medieval Cologne Scott Montgomery Chapter 17 The Middle of Diptychs Al Acres PHYSICAL VOLUME, Volume II CONTENTS Acknowledgements List of Contributors Illustrations Introduction PART I: MANIPULATING OBJECTS, MANIPULATIVE OBJECTS Chapter 1 Hugging the Saint: Improvising Ritual on the Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela Kathleen Ashley Chapter 2 Votives, Images, Interaction, and Pilgrimage to the Tomb and Shrine of St. Thomas Becket, Canterbury Cathedral Sarah Blick Chapter 3 Cradling Power: Female Devotions and Early Netherlandish Jésueaux Annette LeZotte PART II: INSISTENT IMAGES AND SPACES Chapter 4 Illusionism and Interactivity: Medieval Installation Art, Architecture and Devotional Response Laura Gelfand Chapter 5 Consorting with stone: The figure of the speaking and moving statue in early modern Italian writing Lex Hermans Chapter 6 Images, Efficacy & Ritual in the Renaissance: Burning the Devil and Dusting the Madonna Fredericka Jacobs PART III: REVEALING AND CONCEALING Chapter 7 Everybody’s Darling. Transformation of value and transformation of meaning in the veneration of St. Elizabeth of Thuringia Viola Belghaus Chapter 8 The Pilgrim’s Progress: Devotional Journey through the Holy Womb Elina Gertsman Chapter 9 Memento Mori: The Deadly Art of Interaction Suzanne Karr Schmidt PART IV: PAINTING, SPECTACLE, AND PERFORMATIVITY Chapter 10 Preparing the Mind. Preparing the Soul. The Fusion of Franciscan Thought into the Daily Lives of Friars in the Sacristy Decoration of Santa Croce, Florence Michelle Erhardt Chapter 11 Parallelism in Giotto’s Santa Croce Frescoes Jane Long Chapter 12 The Guiding Illusions of the Morrison Triptych Mark Tucker and Lloyd De Witt Chapter 13 Christian Crusade as Spectacle: The Cavalieri di Santo Stefano and the Audiences for the Medici Weddings of 1589 and 1608 Kathryn Poole PART V: LIMINALITY, RECEPTION, AND THE MEANING OF MOVEMENT Chapter 14 Intellectual Projection, Liminal Penetration: Programmed Entry and the Tympanum-less Portals of Western France and Northern Spain Mickey Abel Chapter 15 Bodies under Wraps, Revealed: Interaction in twelfth-century French sculpture Janet Snyder Chapter 16 Movement, Metaphor and Memory: The Interactions Between Pilgrims and Portal Programs Vibeke Olson Chapter 17 The Grand Procession at Tournai: the Community Writ Large Rita Tekippe Bibliography Index