This book presents the latest scientific developments in the field of positron emission tomography (PET) dealing with data acquisition, image processing, applications, statistical analysis, tracer development, parameter estimation, and kinetic modeling. It covers improved methodology and the application of existing techniques to new areas. The text also describes new approaches in scanner design and image processing, and the latest techniques for modeling and statistical analyses. This volume will be a useful reference for the active brain PET scientist, as well as a valuable introduction for students and researchers who wish to take advantage of the capabilities of PET to study the normal and diseased brain.

Table of Contents:
Data Acquisition and Quantification: S.R. Cherry, A. Chatziioannou, Y. Shao, R.W> Silverman, K. Meadors, and M.E. Phelps, Brain Imaging in Small Animals with MicroPET. W.W. Moses, P.R.G. Virador, S.E. Derenzo, R.H. Huesman, and T.F. Budinger, Design of a High-Resolution, High-Sensitivity PET Camera for Human Brains and Small Animals. Y. Shao, R. Slates, K. Farahani, A. Bowery, M. Dahlbom, K. Meadors, R.W. Silverman, M. Sugita, and S.R. Cherry, The Road to Simultaneous PET/MR Images of the Brain. D.L. Bailey, M.P. Miller, T.J. Spinks, P.M. Bloomfield, L. Livieratos, R.B. Banati, R. Myers, and T.J. Jones, Brain PET Studies with a High Sensitivity Fully 3D Tomograph. V. Sossi, K.S. Morrison, T.R. Oakes, and T.J. Ruth, Emission-Transmission Realignment Using a Simultaneous Emission-Transmission Postinjection Scan. P. Johannsen, S.B. Hansen, L. Stergaard, and A. Gjedde, Optimization of H215O Dose and Data Acquisition in 3D Activation Studies Using an ECAT EXACT HR-47 PET Camera and Voxel-by-Voxel t-statistic. S.R. Meikle, J.C. Matthews, V.J. Cunningham, D.L. Bailey, T. Jones, and P. Price, Parametric Image Reconstruction Using Spectral Analysis of Rebinned 3D Projection Data. R.H> Huesman, G.J. Klein, B.W. Reutter, and X. Teng, Multi-Slice PET Quantitation Using 3D Volumes-of-Interest. C. Labbe, M. Koepp, J. Ashburner, T. Spinks, M. Richardson, J. Duncan, and V. Cunningham, Absolute PET Quantification with Correction for Partial Volume Effects within Cerebral Structures. O.G. Rousset, Y. Ma, D.F. Wong, and A.C. Evans, Pixel- versus ROI-based Partial Volume Correction in PET. F. Yokoi, O.G. Rousset, A.S. Dogan, S. Marenco, A.C. Evans, A.H. Gjedde, and D.F. Wong, The Impact of Partial Volume Correction on Kinetic Parameters: Preliminary Experience in Patient Studies. Image Processing: S.C. Huang, J. Yang, C.L. Yu, and K.P. Lin, Performance Characterization of a Feature-Matching Axial Smoothing Method for Brain PET Images. J.L.R. Anderson, Registration of Multitracer PET Data. O.R. Mawlawi, B.J. Beattie, S.M. Larson, and R.G. Blasberg, Multimodality Brain Image Registration Using a 3-D Photogrammetrically Derived Surface. J.Yap, V. Cunningham, T. Jones, M. Cooper, C.T. Chen, and P. Price, Classification of Dynamic PET Images Using A Priori Kinetic Factors. J.R. Rakshi, D.L. Bailey, K. Ito, T. Uema, P.K. Morrish, J. Ashburner, K.J. Friston, and D.J. Brooks, Methodology for Statistical Parametric Mapping of [18F]Fluorodopa Uptake Rate Using 3D PET. H. Litt and B. Horwitz, The Use of Nonlinear Kernal Analysis to Evaluate The Badness-of-Fit of the Transformation of PET Images Into Stereotactic Space: Application to Alzheimers Disease. S. Minoshima, E.P. Ficaro, K.A. Frey, R.A. Koeppe, and D.E. Kuhl, Data Extraction from Brain PET Images Using Three-Dimensional Sterotactic Surface Projections. H.-M. von Stockhausen, U. Pietrzyk, K. Herholz, A.Theil, J. Ilmberger, H.-J. Reulen, and W.-D. Heiss, A Method for Surface-Based Quantification of Functional Data from the Human Cortex. Applications: R. Graf, A. Schuster, J. Littgen, U. Pietrzyk, K. Ohta, E. Kumura, K. Weinhard, and W.-D. Heiss, Sequential Experimental PET: Voxel Based Analysis Reveals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Perfusion in Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. J. Littgen, U. Pietrzyk, K. Herholz, K. Wienhard, and W.-D. Heiss, Estimation of Ischemic CBF Using [15O]H2O and PET Without Arterial Blood Sampling. A. Thiel, K. Herholz, H.-M. von Stockhausen, G. Pawlik, and W.-D. Heiss, Suitability of [15O]H2O and PET to Detect Activation-Induced CBF Changes in Brain Tissue Altered by Brain Tumors. K. Herholz, A. Theil, U. Pietrzyk, H.-M. von Stockhausen, M. Ghaemi, A. Berzdorf, J. Sobesky, K. Weinhard, and W.-D. Heiss, MRI-Guided Language Activation PET in Patients: Technical Aspects and Clinical Results. J.R. Moeller, C. Ghez, A. Antonini, M.F. Ghilardi, V. Dhawan, K. Kazumata, and D. Eidelberg, Brain Networks of Motor Behavior Assessed by Principal Component Analysis. M.S. Vafaee, E. Meyer, S. Marrett, T. Paus, A.C. Evans, and A. Gjedde, Frequency-Dependent Changes in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen During Activation of Human Visual Cortex Studied by PET. A.H. Moore, M.J. Raleigh, S.R. Cherry, S.-C. Huang, and M.E. Phelps, Validation of a FDG-PET Protocol in Conscious Vervet Monkey. D.B. Stout, S.C. Huang, M.J. Raleigh, M.E. Phelps, and J.R. Barrio, Comparison of Ketamine/Midazolam Versus Pentobarbital on [18F]Fluorodopa PET Kinetics in Monkeys. E.H. Danielsen, D.F. Smith, A.D. Gee, T.K. Venkatachalam, S.B. Hansen, and A. Gjedde, The Metabolism of [18F]Fluorodopa in Pig Brain Estimated by PET. R. Meyers, R.B. Banati, E. Paulesu, J. Thorpe, D.H. Miller, and T. Jones, The Use of 2D and 3D PET and [11C](R)-PK11195 to Image Focal and Regional Brain Pathology. O. Muzik, D.C. Chugani, C. Shen, and H.T. Chugani, Noninvasive Imaging of Serotonin Synthesis Rate Using PET and [11C](-methyltryptophan in Autistic Children. M. Higuchi, M. Itoh, K. Yanai, N. Okamura, A. Yamaki, T. Ido, H. Arai, and H. Sasaki, Brain Mapping of the Effects of Aging on Histamine H1 Receptors in Humans: A Pet Study with [11C] Doxepin. Statistical Analysis: U.E. Ruttimann, D. Rio, R.R. Rawlings, P. Anderson, and D.W. Hommer, PET Analysis Using a Variance Stabilizing Transform. M. Senda, K. Ishii, K. Oda, N. Sadato, R. Kawashima, I. Kanno, H. Toyama, and I. Tatsumi, Error and t Images Depend on ANOVA Design and Anatomical Standardization in PET Activation Analysis. J.R. Votaw, S.T. Grafton, and J.M. Hoffman, Calculation of the Probability That an Activation Site Has Occurred by Chance. J.D. Van Horn, T.M. Ellmore, J.L. Holt, G. Esposito, D.R. Weinberger, and K.F. Berman, Multifiltering Signal Detection and Statistical Power in Brain Activation Studies. S.C.Strother, K. Rehm, N. Lange, J. Anderson, K.A. Schaper, L.K. Hansen, and D.A. Rottenberg, Measuring Activation Pattern Reproducibility Using Resampling Techniques. D. Eidelberg, J.R. Moeller, V. Dhawan, A. Antonini, L. Moran, J. Missimer, and K.L. Leenders, Reproducibility of Regional Metabolic Covariance Patterns: Comparison of Four Populations. B.A. Ardekani, S.C. Strother, J.R. Anderson, I. Law, O.B. Paulson, I. Kanno, and D.A. Rottenberg, On the Detection of Activation Patterns Using Principal Components Analysis. Tracer Development: M.R. Kilbourn, T.B. Nguyen, S.E. Snyder, and R.A. Koeppe, One For All, Or One For Each? Matching Radiotracers and Regional Brain Pharmacokinetics. A.J. Abrunhosa, F. Brady, S. Luthra, H. Morris, J.J. de Lima, and T. Jones, The Use of Informatin Technology in the Search for New PET Tracers. D. Hussey, J.N. DaSilva, E. Greenwald, K. Cheung, S. Kapur, A.A. Wilson, and S. Houle, Statistical Power Analysis in In Vivo Studies in RatBrain Using PET Radiotracers. A.A. Wilson, T. Inaba, N. Fisher, J.N. DaSilva, and S. Houle, A Human Liver Model of Metabolism as a Tool in the Identification of Potential PET Radiotracers. G. Vorwieger, P. Brust, R. Bergmann, R. Bauer, B. Walter, F. Fuchtner, J. Steinbach, and B. Johannsen, HPLC-Analysis of the Metabolism of 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA) in the Brain of Neonatal Pigs. B. Lopresti, D. Holt, N.S. Mason, Y. Huang, J. Ruszkiewics, J. Perevuznik, J. Price, G. Smith, and C. Mathis, Characterization of the Radiolabeled Metabolites of [18F]Altanserin: Implications for Kinetic Modeling. J. Opacka-Juffry, H. Morris, S. Ashworth, S. Osman, E. Hirani, A.M. MacLeod, S.K. Luthra, and S.P. Hume, Preliminary Evaluation of the Glycine Site Antagonists [11C]L 703,717 and [3H]MDL 105,519 as Putative PET Ligands for Central NMDA Receptors-In Vivo Studies in Rats. Parameter Estimation: J.C. Matthews, V.J. Cunningham, and P.M. Price, Evaluation of the Contribution of Protocol Design to Model Parameter Uncertainty. D. Ho, D. Feng, and L.C. Wu, An Assessment of Optimal Image Sampling Schedule Design in Dynamic PET-FDG Studies. D. Feng, K.-P. Wong, C.-M. Wu, and W.-C. Siu, Simultaneous Extraction of Physiological and Input Function Parameters from PET Measurement. V.J. Cunningham, R.N. Gunn, H. Byrne, and J.C. Matthews, Suppression of Noise Artifacts in Spectral Analysis of Dynamic PET Data. D.C. Reutens and M. Andermann, Constraints in Spectral Analysis. D. Feng, D. Ho, K.K. Lau, and W.C. Siu, GLLS Modeling Algorithm for Optimally Sampled Positron Emission Tomography Image Data. M.M. Graham, S.B. Gillispie, M. Muzi, and F. OSullivan, Parametric Image Generation with Neural Networks. S. Houle, Kinetic Modeling: Achieving Computer Platform Independence with Java. Kinetic Modeling: R.A. Koeppe, E.P. Ficaro, D.M. Raffel, S. Minoshima, and M.R. Kilbourn, Temporally Overlapping Dual-Tracer PET Studies. P.J. Toussaint and E. Meyer, Simultaneous Estimation of Perfusion (K1) and Vascular (0) Responses in[15O]H2O PET Activation Studies. J.J. Moreno-Cant, C.J. Thompson, E. Meyer, P. Fiset, R.J. Zatorre, D. Klein, and D. Reutens, Enhanc ement of Signal-to-Noise Ration in [15O]H2O Bolus PET Activation Studies Using a Combined Cold-bolus/Switched Protocol. P. Vontobel, G. Kunig, M. Bruhlmeier, I. Gunther, A. Antonini, M. Psylla, and K.L. Leenders, Neutral Amino Acids Influence [18F]FDOPA Quantification. D.J. Doudet, O.T. DeJesus, G.L.Y. Chan, S. Jivan, J.E. Holden, C. English, T.G. Aigner, and T.J. Ruth, Imaging of the Dopamine Presynaptic System by PET: 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA vs. 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-M-Tyrosine. S. Nagatsuka, H. Namba, M. Iyo, K. Fukushi, H. Shinotoh, T. Suhara, Y. Sudo, K. Suzuki, and T. Irie, Quantitative Measurement of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Living Human Brain Using a Radioactive Acetylcholine Analog and Dynamic PET. R.N. Gunn, A.A. Lammertsa, and V.J. Cunningham, Parametric Imaging of Ligand-Receptor Interactions Using a Reference Tissue Model and Cluster Analysis. E.D. Morris, S.I. Chefer, and E.D. London, Limitations of Binding Potential asa Measure of Receptor Function. A Two-Point Correction for the Effects of Mass. M.C. Petit-Taboue, B. Landeau, A.R. Young, P. Schumann, L. Besret, M. Ibazizene, and J.C. Baron, Estimation of Non-Specific Binding of [18F]Setoperone, a 5HT2A Receptor PET Radioligand, From Saturation Kinetic Data in Baboon and Human Neocortex. A.A. Bonab, A.J. Fischman, and N.M. Alpert, Estimation of Binding Potential for the 5-HT2 Receptor Ligand, [18F]Setoperone by an Non-Invasive Reference Region Graphical Method. J.C. Price, B. Lopresti, N.S. Mason, Y. Huang, D. Holt, G.S. Smith, and C.A. Mathis, [18F]Altanserin PET Studies of Serotonin-2A Binding: Examination of Nonspecific Component. C.J. Endres and R.E. Carson, Characteristics of Neurotransmitter Competition Studies Using Constant Infusion of Tracer. J.C. Price, N.S. Mason, B. Lopresti, D. Holt, N.R. Simpson, W. Drevets, G.S. Smith, and C.A. Mathis, PET Measurement of Endogenous Neurotransmitter Activity Using High and Low Affinity Radiotracers. A. Dagher, R.N. Gunn, G. Lockwood, V.J. Cunningham, P.M. Grasby, and D.J. Brooks, Measuring Neurotransmitter Release with Positron Emission Tomography: Methodological Issues. M. Laruelle, A. Abi-Dargham, and R.B. Innis, Imaging Receptor Occupancy by Endogenous Transmitters in Humans. D.F. Wong, T. Solling, F. Yokoi, and A. Gjedde, Quantification of Extracellular Dopamine release in Schizophrenia and Cocaine Use by Means of TREMBLE. BrainPET97 Discussion. Subject Index.