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Radionuclide Behaviour in the Natural Environment: Science, Implications and Lessons for the Nuclear industry(Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)

Radionuclide Behaviour in the Natural Environment: Science, Implications and Lessons for the Nuclear industry(Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)

          
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About the Book

Understanding radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is essential to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and key to assessing potential environmental risks reliably. Minimising those risks is essential to enhancing public confidence in nuclear technology. Scientific knowledge in this field has developed greatly over the last decade.Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration.After an introductory chapter, part one explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment, including aquatic chemistry and the impact of natural organic matter and microorganisms. Part two discusses the migration and radioecological behavior of radionuclides. Topics include hydrogeology, sorption and colloidal reactions as well as in-situ investigations. Principles of modelling coupled geochemical, transport and radioecological properties are also discussed. Part three covers application issues: assessment of radionuclide behaviour in contaminated sites, taking Chernobyl as an example, estimation of radiological exposure to the population, performance assessment considerations related to deep geological repositories, and remediation concepts for contaminated sites.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is an essential tool for all those interested or involved in nuclear energy, from researchers, designers and industrial operators to environmental scientists. It also provides a comprehensive guide for academics of all levels in this field.

Table of Contents:
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Foreword Chapter 1: Overview of radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Radionuclides of interest 1.3 Environmental compartments to be considered 1.4 References Part I: Radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment Chapter 2: Fundamentals of aquatic chemistry relevant to radionuclide behaviour in the environment Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Composition of natural waters 2.3 Dissolution and precipitation 2.4 Aqueous complexes 2.5 Surface sorption 2.6 Colloids 2.7 Redox reactions 2.8 References Chapter 3: Aquatic chemistry of the actinides: aspects relevant to their environmental behavior Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Oxidation states of actinides in aqueous solution 3.3 Actinide solid phases and solubility phenomena 3.4 Actinide complexation reactions 3.5 Chemical modeling tools and thermodynamic databases 3.6 Recommended literature 3.7 References Chapter 4: Aquatic chemistry of long-lived mobile fission and activation products in the context of deep geological disposal Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The effects of the near field in high-level radioactive waste disposal 4.3 Solution and interfacial chemistry of selected radionuclides 4.4 Summary 4.5 References Chapter 5: Impacts of humic substances on the geochemical behaviour of radionuclides Abstract: 5.1 Introduction to humic substances 5.2 The ‘humic acid molecule’ 5.3 Discrete models of metal ion–humic interactions 5.4 Multiligand and macromolecular models of metal ion–humic interactions 5.5 Kinetic models of metal ion–humic interactions 5.6 Impacts of humic substances on radionuclide transport in different sites worldwide 5.7 Conclusions and future trends 5.8 References Chapter 6: Impacts of microorganisms on radionuclides in contaminated environments and waste materials Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Biotransformation of uranium 6.3 Biotransformation of plutonium 6.4 Biosorption and bioaccumulation of uranium and plutonium 6.5 Biotransformation of other actinides and related elements 6.6 Biotransformation of fission and activation products 6.7 Microbiological studies of low- and intermediate-level wastes, and high-level waste repository sites 6.8 Conclusion 6.9 Acknowledgments 6.11 References Part II: Radionuclide migration Chapter 7: Hydrogeological features relevant to radionuclide migration in the natural environment Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The water content of the subsoil 7.3 Groundwater movement in the soil and subsoil 7.4 Aquifer systems 7.5 Groundwater flow equations for aquifer systems 7.6 Solving the flow equations for aquifer systems 7.7 References Chapter 8: Radionuclide retention at mineral–water interfaces in the natural environment Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Macroscopic studies of radionuclide sorption 8.3 Sorption models 8.4 Spectroscopic techniques 8.5 Future developments 8.6 Acknowledgements 8.7 References Chapter 9: Radionuclide migration: coupling transport and chemistry Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The transport phenomenon 9.3 Coupling chemistry to transport 9.4 Application examples 9.5 References Chapter 10: Impact of colloidal transport on radionuclide migration in the natural environment Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Geochemistry and sorption behavior of radionuclides 10.3 Nature and origin of colloids 10.4 Colloid characteristics 10.5 Laboratory experiments of colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport 10.6 Field studies of radionuclide migration 10.7 Conclusion and future trends 10.8 Acknowledgments 10.9 References Chapter 11: Natural analogues of nuclear waste repositories: studies and their implications for the development of radionuclide migration models Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Nature and limitations of natural analogues 11.3 Selected natural analogue sites 11.4 Lessons on radionuclide (RN) geochemistry and migration from main natural analogues studies 11.5 Conclusion 11.6 Acknowledgement 11.7 References Chapter 12: Studying radionuclide migration on different scales: the complementary roles of laboratory and in situ experiments Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Designing laboratory studies at different scales on radionuclide diffusion in underground environments 12.3 Studies at different scales on diffusion in Swiss Opalinus Clay 12.4 Studies at different scales on diffusion in French Callovo-Oxfordian claystone 12.5 Laboratory experiments at the decimetre-scale on the transport of radionuclides in non-consolidated porous media 12.6 Conclusions and future trends 12.7 References 12.8 Appendix: definitions and abbreviations Chapter 13: Radionuclide transfer processes in the biosphere Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Radionuclide speciation and interactions with biological ligands 13.3 Transfer to plants and biodistribution 13.4 Transfer to animal species and biodistribution 13.5 Transfer to man 13.6 Effect on metabolic pathways 13.7 Transfers through epithelial barriers: the digestive barrier 13.8 Membrane transport 13.9 Intracellular mechanisms: homeostasis and stress 13.10 Future trends 13.11 Acknowledgements 13.12 References Part III: Environmental impact and remediation Chapter 14: Modelling radionuclide transport in the environment and calculating radiation doses Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Modelling radionuclide transport in the environment 14.3 Assessing radiation doses to humans 14.4 Assessing radiation doses to non-human biota 14.5 Achieving a comprehensive assessment 14.6 Conclusion and future trends 14.7 References Chapter 15: Quantitative assessment of radionuclide migration from near-surface radioactive waste burial sites: the waste dumps in the Chernobyl exclusion zone as an example Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Chernobyl Pilot Site in the Red Forest 15.3 Modelling radionuclide migration in the aquifer considering stationary hydrodynamic and geochemical conditions 15.4 Prediction of 90Sr migration, assuming non-stationary hydro-biogeochemical conditions 15.5 Conclusions and future trends 15.6 Acknowledgements 15.7 References Chapter 16: Remediation of sites contaminated by radionuclides Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Potential sources of radionuclide release 16.3 Methods of cleaning contaminated sites 16.4 Environmental monitoring tools 16.5 Modelling tools for planning clean-up 16.6 Risk assessment studies of hazardous sites and clean-up measures 16.7 Examples of remediation of contaminated sites 16.8 Sources of further information 16.9 References Chapter 17: Safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories: a radionuclide migration perspective Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Repository concepts 17.3 Safety assessment (SA) methodology 17.4 Integration of the main radionuclide migration processes and parameters in the safety assessment (SA) models 17.5 Gaps in understanding and the qualification and quantification of the safety assessment (SA) models 17.6 Conclusions 17.7 Acknowledgements 17.8 References Index


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780857091321
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
  • Publisher Imprint: Woodhead Publishing Ltd
  • Depth: 44
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 40 mm
  • Weight: 1200 gr
  • ISBN-10: 0857091328
  • Publisher Date: 20 Sep 2012
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Height: 234 mm
  • No of Pages: 744
  • Series Title: Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
  • Sub Title: Science, Implications and Lessons for the Nuclear industry
  • Width: 156 mm


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Radionuclide Behaviour in the Natural Environment: Science, Implications and Lessons for the Nuclear industry(Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)
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