As India switches away from a coal-based to a more sustainable energy use pattern, which pathway will it adopt? What is the nature of challenges that it will face, and who will be affected? Who will gain? This volume offers insights into the steps and challenges involved in this transition and addresses some urgent questions about the possible pathways for India’s renewable energy generation. Including contributions from researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, it draws on different disciplines, ranging from science and technology to economics and sociology, and situates the issue of low carbon transition within an interdisciplinary framework. India has committed to gradual decarbonisation of its economy. This book takes this as its starting point and uses a wide-angle lens, incorporating macro as well as micro views, to understand the possible next steps as well as trade-offs that will inevitably be posed. It incorporates the perspectives of all stakeholders ranging from central and state governments, public and private sector firms, on the one hand, to individuals and local communities, on the other, to explore their role in the transition, their interests, and how these will change and evolve. This timely volume will be of interest to students and researchers of environmental studies, development studies, environmental economics, political studies, and Asian studies. It will also be useful to academics, practitioners, and policymakers working on issues related to climate change, sustainable development, energy policy and economics,and public policy.

Table of Contents:
List of Appendices and Boxes viii List of Figures x List of Tables xii Contributors xiv Preface and Acknowledgements xxi Abbreviations xxiv Introduction 1 MRITIUNJOY MOHANTY AND RUNA SARKAR PART 1 A Macroeconomic Analysis of Alternate Pathways 9 A Macroeconomic Analysis of Alternate Pathways: an Introduction MRITIUNJOY MOHANTY AND RUNA SARKAR 1 India’s Coal and Coal-Fired Electricity Needs by 2030: Clearing Vision beyond Black Coal and Hazy Skies 13 SUNIL DAHIYA, ADITYA LOLLA, PRIYANSHU GUPTA, AND NANDIKESH SIVALINGAM 2 India’s Energy Trilemma and Coal-based Power Generation 28 SAMBIT BASU AND SOUMYA PRAKASH NAYAK 3 Energy Transition and Centre–State Priorities: Alignments and Misalignments of Policies and Decisions 43 TIRTHANKAR MANDAL 4 Macroeconomic Impacts of Coal Transition 54 SAON RAY, PIYALI MAJUMDER, AND VASUNDHARA THAKUR 5 The Social Aspects of India’s Energy Transition: Coal, Critical Minerals and Socio-Economic Dependencies 75 VIGYA SHARMA AND JULIA LOGINOVA 6 Deep Electrification in India: A Review of Strategies, Policies, and Sectoral Developments 104 SARTHAK SHUKLA, SHUBHAM THAKARE, AND RAGHAV PACHOURI PART 2 Governance and Policy Perspectives 117 Governance and Policy Perspectives: an Introduction MRITIUNJOY MOHANTY AND RUNA SARKAR 7 Governance Principles for a Just Energy Transition 119 SIMRAN GROVER, NAINI SWAMI, AND V. SURESH 8 Policy Framework for Energy Transition in India 135 SARTHAK SHUKLA AND RAGHAV PACHOURI 9 Industrial Policy 2.0: Policy Space and Decarbonisation 156 MRITIUNJOY MOHANTY, SAON RAY, AND NAINI SWANI 10 International Experiences on Just Energy Transition Planning and Lessons for India 168 MADHURA JOSHI AND SWATI DSOUZA 11 Grounded Perspectives on Energy Transition – The View of Panchayat Members on Energy Transition and Impact of Climate Change 186 JAHNAVI G. PAI, MUNNA JHA, AND VINUTA GOPAL PART 3 Industry: Opportunities and Challenges 199 Industry: Opportunities and Challenges – an Introduction MRITIUNJOY MOHANTY AND RUNA SARKAR 12 Retrofit Decarbonisation and Reutilisation of Thermal Power Plants 203 SUCHARITA BHATTACHARJEE AND TRINAYANI SEN 13 Future-Proofing India’s Coal PSUs: An Analysis of CIL and NTPC 216 SAARTHAK KHURANA, ARNAB SARKAR, AND BALASUBRAMANIAN VISWANATHAN 14 Evaluation of Energy and Environmental Efficiency of the Indian Thermal Power Plants: A State-Level Analysis 240 SABUJ KUMAR MANDAL 15 Energy Storage and Its Potential Role in Electricity Transition 251 SHUBHAM THAKARE AND RISHIKESH SREEHARI 16 International Experiences: The Cases of Iberdrola, Enel, and NextEra Energy 264 SHUBH MAJUMDARR, ABHINAV JINDAL, SHANTANU SRIVASTAVA AND VIBHUTI GARG PART 4 Investors and Shareholders 279 Investors and Shareholders: an Introduction MRITIUNJOY MOHANTY AND RUNA SARKAR 17 Financing India’s 2030 NDC Targets and Beyond 283 VAIBHAV PRATAP SINGH AND NEHA KUMAR 18 Transition Finance 299 AANANDITA SIKKA, NEHA KHANNA AND DHRUBA PURKAYASTHA 19 Role of Domestic Institutional Capital in Funding India’s Energy Transition 311 SHANTANU SRIVASTAVA 20 Operationalising Just Transition in India: Financing Challenge and Options 329 NEHA KUMAR AND SURANJALI TANDON 21 International Climate Financing and Just Energy Transition: Exploring the Synergies 343 PRADIP SWARNAKAR AND RAJSHRI SHUKLA Index 353