Science Essentials Middle School Level gives classroom teachers and science specialists a dynamic and progressive way to meet curriculum standards and competencies. Science Essentials are also available from Jossey-Bass publishers at the Elementary and High School Levels. You’ll find the lessons and activities at each level actively engage students in learning about the natural and technological world in which we live by encouraging them to use their senses and intuitive abilities on the road to discovery. They were developed and tested by professional science teachers who sought to give students enjoyable learning experiences while preparing them for district and statewide proficiency exams. For easy use, the lesson and activities at the Middle School Level are printed on a big 8 ½” x 11” lay-flat format that folds flat for photocopying of over 165 student activity sheets, and are organized into four sections:
- PHYSICAL SCIENCE: MOTION AND FORCES (22 Lessons)
- CHEMISTRY (34 Lessons)
- ASTRONOMY (16 Lessons)
- BIOLOGY (12 Lessons)
Table of Contents:
Preface ix Acknowledgments xi
Credits xiii
PART I HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 1
Strategies 3
Introduction to the Five-Step Program 3
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP World History Exam 4
Calendars for Preparing for Each of the Plans 6
Graphics Used in This Book 10
PART II AN INTRODUCTION TO THE AP WORLD HISTORY EXAMINATION 13
Background Information 15
Reasons for Taking the Advanced Placement Examination 16
What You Need to Know About the AP World History Examination 16
World History Diagnostic Test Section I 21
Answers and Explanations 31
Section II/Document-Based Question (DBQ) 39
Change-over-Time Question 43
Comparative Question 44
Comments on Possible Solutions to the Free Response Questions 45
PART III REVIEW OF WORLD HISTORY 49
Unit 1 Foundations (8000 B.C.E.--600 C.E.) 51 (51) The World History Environment and Periodization 51
Development of Agriculture and Technology 59
Structure of Early Civilizations 64
Rise of Classical Civilizations 71
Origins of World Belief Systems 83
Interactions in the Late Classical Period 91
Unit 1 Summary: Foundations (8000 B.C.E.--600 C.E.) 98
Timeline 98
Key Comparisons 99
Change/Continuity Chart 99
Unit 2 Period Two (600--1450) 102
The Rise and Spread of Islam 102
The Expansion of China 113
Changes in European Institutions 122
Interregional Trade and Exchange 130
Empires in the Americas 141
Unit 2 Summary: Period Two (600--1450) 148
Timeline 148
Key Comparisons 148
Change/Continuity Chart 149
Unit 3 Period Three (1450--1750) 151
Empires and Other Political Systems 151
Hemispheric Exchange 164
Systems of Slavery 170
Cultural and Intellectual Changes 175
Unit 3 Summary: Period Three (1450--1750) 181
Timeline 181
Key Comparisons 181
Change/Continuity Chart 181
Unit 4 Period Four (1750--1914) 183
The Industrial Revolution and Social Changes 183
Demographic and Environmental Developments 190
World Trade 195
Political Revolutions 201
Western Imperialism 211
Unit 4 Summary: Period Four (1750--1914) 219
Timeline 219
Key Comparisons 220
Change/Continuity Chart 220
Unit 5 Period Five (1914--Present) 222
World Wars and Depression 222
The Cold War and the Postwar Balance of Power 231
End of the Cold War and Nationalist Movements 241
Global Trade 245
Technological Developments 250
Social Changes 254
Demographic and Environmental Developments 260
Unit 5 Summary: Period Five (1914--Present) 266
Timeline 266
Key Comparisons 267
Change/Continuity Chart 267
PART IV TEST STRATEGIES 269
The Multiple-Choice Question 271
The Document-Based Question 273
The Change-over-Time Question 276
The Comparative Question 278
PART V PRACTICE TESTS 281
Practice Test One 285
Answers and Explanations 296
Practice Test Two 317
Answers and Explanations 327
APPENDIXES 347
Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms 349
Appendix 2: Bibliography 357
Appendix 3: Web sites 359
About the Author 361
