The Comprehensive Introduction to Standard and Advanced Separation for Every Chemical Engineer Separation Process Engineering, Second Edition helps readers thoroughly master both standard equilibrium staged separations and the latest new processes. The author explains key separation process with exceptional clarity, realistic examples, and end-of-chapter simulation exercises using Aspen Plus. The book starts by reviewing core concepts, such as equilibrium and unit operations; then introduces a step-by-step process for solving separation problems. Next, it introduces each leading processes, including advanced processes such as membrane separation, adsorption, and chromatography. For each process, the author presents essential principles, techniques, and equations, as well as detailed examples. Separation Process Engineering is the new, thoroughly updated edition of the author's previous book, Equilibrium Staged Separations. Enhancements include improved organization, extensive new coverage, and more than 75% new homework problems, all tested in the author's Purdue University classes. Coverage includes Detailed problems with real data, organized in a common format for easier understanding Modular simulation exercises that support courses taught with simulators without creating confusion in courses that do not use them Extensive new coverage of membrane separations, including gas permeation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, and key applications A detailed introduction to adsorption, chromatography and ion exchange: everything students need to understand advanced work in these areas Discussions of standard equilibrium stage processes, including flash distillation, continuous column distillation, batch distillation, absorption, stripping, and extraction

Table of Contents:
Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xix Nomenclature xxi Chapter 1: Introduction to Separation Process Engineering 1 1.1. Importance of Separations 1 1.2. Concept of Equilibrium 2 1.3. Mass Transfer 4 1.4. Problem-Solving Methods 5 1.5. Prerequisite Material 7 1.6. Other Resources on Separation Process Engineering 8 1.7. Summary—Objectives 9 References 9 Homework 10 Chapter 2: Flash Distillation 12 2.1. Basic Method of Flash Distillation 12 2.2. Form and Sources of Equilibrium Data 14 2.3. Graphical Representation of Binary VLE 16 2.4. Binary Flash Distillation 21 2.5. Multicomponent VLE 29 2.6. Multicomponent Flash Distillation 34 2.7. Simultaneous Multicomponent Convergence 40 2.8. Size Calculation 45 2.9. Utilizing Existing Flash Drums 49 2.10. Summary—Objectives 50 References 51 Homework 52 Appendix: Computer Simulation of Flash Distillation 59 Chapter 3: Introduction to Column Distillation 65 3.1. Developing a Distillation Cascade 65 3.2. Distillation Equipment 72 3.3. Specifications 74 3.4. External Column Balances 76 3.5. Summary—Objectives 81 References 81 Homework 81 Chapter 4: Column Distillation: Internal Stage-by-Stage Balances 86 4.1. Internal Balances 86 4.2. Binary Stage-by-Stage Solution Methods 90 4.3. Introduction to the McCabe-Thiele Method 97 4.4. Feed Line 101 4.5. Complete McCabe-Thiele Method 109 4.6. Profiles for Binary Distillation 112 4.7. Open Steam Heating 114 4.8. General McCabe-Thiele Analysis Procedure 118 4.9. Other Distillation Column Situations 125 4.10. Limiting Operating Conditions 130 4.11. Efficiencies 133 4.12. Simulation Problems 135 4.13. New Uses for Old Columns 136 4.14. Subcooled Reflux and Superheated Boilup 138 4.15. Comparisons between Analytical and Graphical Methods 140 4.16. Summary—Objectives 142 References 143 Homework 144 Appendix: Computer Simulations for Binary Distillation 157 Chapter 5: Introduction to Multicomponent Distillation 161 5.1. Calculational Difficulties 161 5.2. Profiles for Multicomponent Distillation 167 5.3. Summary—Objectives 172 References 172 Homework 172 Chapter 6: Exact Calculation Procedures for Multicomponent Distillation 176 6.1. Introduction to Matrix Solution for Multicomponent Distillation 176 6.2. Component Mass Balances in Matrix Form 178 6.3. Initial Guess for Flow Rates 181 6.4. Bubble-Point Calculations 181 6.5. θ-Method of Convergence 184 6.6. Energy Balances in Matrix Form 191 6.7. Summary—Objectives 194 References 195 Homework 195 Appendix: Computer Simulations for Multicomponent Column Distillation 200 Chapter 7: Approximate Shortcut Methods for Multicomponent Distillation 205 7.1. Total Reflux: Fenske Equation 205 7.2. Minimum Reflux: Underwood Equations 210 7.3. Gilliland Correlation for Number of Stages at Finite Reflux Ratio 215 7.4. Summary—Objectives 219 References 219 Homework 220 Chapter 8: Introduction to Complex Distillation Methods 225 8.1. Breaking Azeotropes with Other Separators 225 8.2. Binary Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Processes 227 8.3. Steam Distillation 234 8.4. Two-Pressure Distillation Processes 238 8.5. Complex Ternary Distillation Systems 240 8.6. Extractive Distillation 246 8.7. Azeotropic Distillation with Added Solvent 251 8.8. Distillation with Chemical Reaction 254 8.9. Summary—Objectives 258 References 259 Homework 260 Appendix: Simulation of Complex Distillation Systems 270 Chapter 9: Batch Distillation 276 9.1. Binary Batch Distillation: Rayleigh Equation 278 9.2. Simple Binary Batch Distillation 279 9.3. Constant-Level Batch Distillation 283 9.4. Batch Steam Distillation 284 9.5. Multistage Batch Distillation 285 9.6. Operating Time 291 9.7. Summary—Objectives 292 References 292 Homework 293 Chapter 10: Staged and Packed Column Design 301 10.1. Staged Column Equipment Description 301 10.2. Tray Efficiencies 309 10.3. Column Diameter Calculations 314 10.4. Sieve Tray Layout and Tray Hydraulics 320 10.5. Valve Tray Design 327 10.6. Introduction to Packed Column Design 329 10.7. Packed Column Internals 329 10.8. Height of Packing: HETP Method 331 10.9. Packed Column Flooding and Diameter Calculation 333 10.10. Economic Trade-Offs 341 10.11. Summary—Objectives 345 References 345 Homework 348 Chapter 11: Economics and Energy Conservation in Distillation 354 11.1. Distillation Costs 354 11.2. Operating Effects on Costs 359 11.3. Changes in Plant Operating Rates 366 11.4. Energy Conservation in Distillation 366 11.5. Synthesis of Column Sequences for Almost Ideal Multicomponent Distillation 370 11.6. Synthesis of Distillation Systems for Nonideal Ternary Systems 376 11.7. Summary—Objectives 380 References 380 Homework 382 Chapter 12: Absorption and Stripping 385 12.1. Absorption and Stripping Equilibria 387 12.2. Operating Lines for Absorption 389 12.3. Stripping Analysis 394 12.4. Column Diameter 396 12.5. Analytical Solution: Kremser Equation 397 12.6. Dilute Multisolute Absorbers and Strippers 403 12.7. Matrix Solution for Concentrated Absorbers and Strippers 406 12.8. Irreversible Absorption 410 12.9. Summary—Objectives 411 References 412 Homework 413 Appendix: Computer Simulations for Absorption and Stripping 421 Chapter 13: Immiscible Extraction, Washing, Leaching, and Supercritical Extraction 424 13.1. Extraction Processes and Equipment 424 13.2. Countercurrent Extraction 428 13.3. Dilute Fractional Extraction 435 13.4. Single-Stage and Cross-Flow Extraction 439 13.5. Concentrated Immiscible Extraction 443 13.6. Batch Extraction 444 13.7. Generalized McCabe-Thiele and Kremser Procedures 445 13.8. Washing 448 13.9. Leaching 452 13.10. Supercritical Fluid Extraction 454 13.11. Application to Other Separations 457 13.12. Summary—Objectives 457 References 457 Homework 459 Chapter 14: Extraction of Partially Miscible Systems 468 14.1. Extraction Equilibria 468 14.2. Mixing Calculations and the Lever-Arm Rule 471 14.3. Single-Stage and Cross-Flow Systems 474 14.4. Countercurrent Extraction Cascades 477 14.5. Relationship between McCabe-Thiele and Triangular Diagrams 485 14.6. Minimum Solvent Rate 486 14.7. Extraction Computer Simulations 488 14.8. Leaching with Variable Flow Rates 489 14.9. Summary—Objectives 492 References 492 Homework 493 Appendix: Computer Simulation of Extraction 499 Chapter 15: Mass Transfer Analysis 501 15.1. Basics of Mass Transfer 501 15.2. HTU-NTU Analysis of Packed Distillation Columns 504 15.3. Relationship of HETP and HTU 511 15.4. Mass Transfer Correlations for Packed Towers 513 15.5. HTU-NTU Analysis of Absorbers and Strippers 521 15.6. HTU-NTU Analysis of Co-current Absorbers 526 15.7. Mass Transfer on a Tray 528 15.8. Summary—Objectives 531 References 531 Homework 532 Chapter 16: Introduction to Membrane Separation Processes 535 16.1. Membrane Separation Equipment 537 16.2. Membrane Concepts 541 16.3. Gas Permeation 544 16.4. Reverse Osmosis 558 16.5. Ultrafiltration 573 16.6. Pervaporation 579 16.7. Bulk Flow Pattern Effects 588 16.8. Summary—Objectives 595 References 596 Homework 597 Appendix: Spreadsheets for Flow Pattern Calculations for Gas Permeation 603 Chapter 17 Introduction to Adsorption, Chromatography, and Ion Exchange 609 17.1. Sorbents and Sorption Equilibrium 610 17.2. Solute Movement Analysis for Linear Systems: Basics and Applications to Chromatography 621 17.3. Solute Movement Analysis for Linear Systems: Thermal and Pressure Swing Adsorption and Simulated Moving Beds 631 17.4. Nonlinear Solute Movement Analysis 654 17.5. Ion Exchange 663 17.6. Mass and Energy Transfer 672 17.7. Mass Transfer Solutions for Linear Systems 678 17.8. LUB Approach for Nonlinear Systems 687 17.9. Checklist for Practical Design and Operation 692 17.10. Summary—Objectives 693 References 693 Homework 696 Appendix: Introduction to the Aspen Chromatography Simulator 708 Appendix A: Aspen Plus Troubleshooting Guide for Separations 713 Answers to Selected Problems 715 Index 721