Collective insight of key thought leaders in the field to clarify and reshape the vision of smart cities Smart Cities, Energy and Climate: Governing Cities for a Low-Carbon Future is a seminal work that draws together insights and case studies on post-carbon urbanism across a variety of fields—from smart energy grids to active buildings, sustainable mobility and urban design. Another objective is to foster an understanding of how digitally-enhanced smart city solutions can assist energy transitions, and what new developments and challenges they bring in areas ranging from urban governance to energy security. Key topics covered in this book include: Recent developments in urban planning, building design and smart technologies Urban-scale digital platforms and innovation for clean energy systems, energy efficiency and net-zero policies Socio-technical and political relationships in climate-neutral cities and smart cities Context-rich, situated perspectives from Europe, Africa and Asia Smart Cities, Energy and Climate serves as a primary reference for scholars, students and policy makers interested in the conceptual, technical, economic and political challenges associated with the transition towards a smart and sustainable urban future.

Table of Contents:
About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Introduction: Cities in the Twin Net-Zero and Digital Transition 1 Oleg Golubchikov and Komali Yenneti 1.1 The Rise of Smart Energy Cities 1 1.2 Thematical Threads and Issues 3 1.3 Imagining Smart Urban Energy Systems 6 1.4 Urban Design, Planning and Policies 7 1.5 Technologies and Data for Smart and Low-Carbon Urban Futures 9 1.6 Relevance for Practice and Future Research 11 References 12 Part I Imagining Smart Urban Energy Systems 15 2 Competing Narratives and Interests in Smart Urban Energy Systems 17 Jess Britton and Emily Judson 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Smart Energy Cities 19 2.3 Momentum in Energy System Change 20 2.4 Smart Local Energy Systems in the United Kingdom 21 2.5 Competing Logics and Interests 25 2.6 Evolving Smart Energy Governance 26 2.7 Conclusions 29 References 30 3 Where are Smart Sustainable Cities Made? Tracing Wired Socio-Technical Relationships in, Through, Beneath, and Beyond a City 35 Torik Holmes, Rebecca Windemer, and Carla De Laurentis 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Orientating Ideas, Approaches and Methods 36 3.3 The City of Manchester 38 3.4 Connecting ‘Smart’ Buildings 40 3.5 ‘Smart’ and Not-So-Smart Large-Scale Network Investments 42 3.6 Turbulent Urban–Rural Relationships and Contingencies 43 3.7 Scout Moor Wind Farm: Policy, Social Attitudes and Limiting Growth 44 3.8 Royd Moor Wind Farm: The Continuation of Ageing Infrastructure 45 3.9 Addressing ‘Hot Areas’ 47 3.10 Conclusions 49 References 50 4 Smart Energy Cities: A Perspective from West Africa 53 Charlotte Ray, Sam Williamson, Zuzana Hrdlicǩová, Derrick Kajjoba, Hillary Kasedde, Lauren Hermanus, Amadu Labor, Joseph Macarthy, and Braima Koroma 4.1 Introduction – Smart Cities: An Urban Panacea? 53 4.2 Smart Energy City in an African Context 56 4.3 Current Policy Environment around Smart Cities and SECs in West Africa 58 4.4 The Need for a More Integrated Approach 63 4.5 Conclusions 65 References 66 5 Beyond Urban Smart Grid Experiments: Replication and Upscaling as Contested Concepts 75 Harald Rohracher, Gudrun Haindlmaier, Klaus Kubeczko, and Dick Magnusson 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Analysing Context Conditions for the Replicability of Smart Grid Pilot Projects 77 5.3 Analysis of the Use Cases from the Demo Sites Hartberg and Malmö 81 5.4 Discussion and Conclusions 88 Acknowledgements 90 References 90 6 The Role of Active Buildings in Smart Energy Imaginaries: Implications of Living Well in Low-Carbon Homes and Neighbourhoods 93 Kate O’Sullivan, Fiona Shirani, Nick Pidgeon, and Karen Henwood 6.1 Introduction 93 6.2 Decarbonisation and Smart Energy Systems 95 6.3 Smart Homes, Smart Occupants? 96 6.4 Realising Smart Energy Futures: Active Buildings and Homes 99 6.5 Living Well in Low-Carbon Homes – Initial Insights 100 6.6 Discussion 105 References 106 7 Do Mobility and Sustainability Rhyme in the Autonomous City? 111 Federico Cugurullo and Alexander Gaio 7.1 Introduction 111 7.2 From Smart to Autonomous Cities 112 7.3 Sustainability in the Autonomous City 113 7.4 Autonomous Vehicle-Induced Urbanism 114 7.5 Bicycle Urbanism in the Autonomous City 117 7.6 Conclusions 119 References 120 Part II Urban Design, Planning and Policies 123 8 Re-Defining the Smart City Concept from the Urban Climate Perspectives 125 Joachim Fallmann, Christopher Holst, Matthias Mauder, and Stefan Emeis 8.1 Introduction 125 8.2 Existing Urban Studies 127 8.3 Recent Approaches for Reshaping Building Design 129 8.4 Suggestions for Urban Planning and Building Design 130 8.5 Model Approaches 135 8.6 Conclusion 137 Funding Sources 138 Conflict of Interests 138 References 138 9 Berlin’s Pathway to Climate Neutrality: Scenarios and Measures for a European Metropole 147 Bernd Hirschl 9.1 Introduction 147 9.2 The Search for a Climate Policy Target for Berlin 149 9.3 The Status Quo and Current Trends: Berlin Not Yet on the Path to Climate Neutrality 154 9.4 Scenarios for 2050, 2030 and 2040 – A Restrictions-Based Approach 155 9.5 Strategy Recommendations and Measures for a Climate-Neutral Berlin 160 9.6 Conclusions 162 Acknowledgement 164 Literature/References 164 10 City, Neighbourhood and Citizens: Putting the ‘20-Minute’ Idea to Work in Edinburgh 167 Alice Creasy, Matthew Lane, and Dan van der Horst 10.1 Introduction 167 10.2 The 20-Minute Idea 169 10.3 Case Study: Putting the 20-Minute Concept to Work in Edinburgh 176 10.4 Discussion 185 Acknowledgements 188 References 188 11 From Smart Urbanism to Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan: A Critical Evaluation of the Case of Cagliari 195 Chiara Garau, Giulia Desogus, and Vincenza Torrisi 11.1 Introduction: Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) 195 11.2 Comparison Between the Guidelines for Italian PUMS and the Guidelines of the mcc 197 11.3 Results and Discussion 208 11.4 Conclusions 210 Acknowledgements 210 References 211 12 Analysing India’s Smart Cities Mission from a Sustainability Perspective 215 Sarbeswar Praharaj 12.1 Introduction 215 12.2 Overview of the Smart Cities Mission in India 217 12.3 Untangling the Indian Smart City Models 219 12.4 Sustainability Assessment of Indian Smart Cities 221 12.5 Discussion and Conclusions 231 References 233 13 Energy Transitions and Smart Cities in Russia 237 Irina Ilina and Michinaga Kohno 13.1 Introduction 237 13.2 National Climate Policy 237 13.3 Cities in the Climate and Energy Agendas 241 13.4 The Digitalisation of Energy and Smart Cities 242 13.5 Conclusions 246 References 247 14 Energy Poverty in Cities: A Behaviourally Informed Perspective 249 Nives Della Valle 14.1 Introduction 249 14.2 An Additional Lens to Approaching Urban Energy Poverty 251 14.3 Limitations and Ways Forward 256 14.4 Conclusions 257 Disclaimer 257 References 258 Part III Technologies and Data for Smart and Low-carbon Urban Futures 263 15 Smart Energy Future and Smart Cities 265 Wadim Strielkowski 15.1 Introduction 265 15.2 The Concept of the Smart City 266 15.3 Growing Importance of Cities 266 15.4 Smart Technologies and Energy 268 15.5 Energy Infrastructure for Smart Cities 269 15.6 Concluding Remarks 272 References 273 16 Governing the Transition Towards Smart Grids Through Organised Industry Events 277 Suyash Jolly 16.1 Introduction 277 16.2 Theoretical Background 278 16.3 Research Method 280 16.4 India Smart Grid Week 2016 281 16.5 Discussion: Role of the Event in Facilitating Future Developments 285 16.6 Conclusion 287 References 288 17 Emission Reduction and Renewables Integration Through Distributed Ledger Technology 293 Hamid M. Pouran, Komali Yenneti, Mariana Padilha Campos Lopes, Louis Gyoh, and Yong Sheng 17.1 Introduction 293 17.2 What is the DLT or Blockchain Platform? 293 17.3 How DLT Could Catalyse Mitigation of GHG Emissions and Integration of Renewables 296 17.4 Concluding Remarks 300 References 300 18 Just Comfort: District Heating and Cooling as a Sustainable Energy Solution 305 Keith Baker and Ronald Mould Glossary of Abbreviations 305 18.1 Introduction – A Brief History of District Heating 305 18.2 Defining District Heating and Cooling by Generation 307 18.3 Technologies and Fuel Supplies 308 18.4 District Cooling 311 18.5 Lessons from Denmark’s District Heating Revolution 313 18.6 District Heating and Cooling as a Solution to Energy Poverty 316 18.7 Defining Successful District Heating and Cooling Schemes 318 18.8 Concluding Remarks 321 References 322 19 The Role of Energy-Efficient Buildings in the Post-Carbon Future 327 Gloria Pignatta and Shayan Naderi 19.1 Introduction 327 19.2 Building Retrofitting 330 19.3 Thermal Mass Energy Storage 332 19.4 Battery Energy Storage 335 19.5 Solar Energy Utilisation 336 19.6 Energy Flexibility in Buildings and Districts 339 19.7 Conclusions 340 References 341 20 Using Bottom-Up Digital Technologies in Technical Decision-Making for Designing a Low-Carbon Built Environment 347 Clarice Bleil de Souza, Camilla Pezzica, and Jakob Hahn 20.1 The Role of Bottom-Up Data in Technical Decision-Making 347 20.2 Possibilities for Bottom-Up Data Gathering 349 20.3 Data Gathered by Sensors on Behalf of the People 351 20.4 Data Gathered by Citizen Scientists Using Digital Technologies 356 20.5 Challenges in Using Bottom-Up Data in Technical Decision-Making 360 Acknowledgements 361 References 361 21 Street Lighting as a Dimension of Smart Energy Cities 365 Mary Thornbush and Oleg Golubchikov 21.1 Introduction 365 21.2 Hardwiring the City 365 21.3 Street Lighting Efficiency 366 21.4 Smart Lighting 367 21.5 System of Street Lights Controller 367 21.6 Connected Security Lighting System 368 21.7 The ‘Smart Pole’ 368 21.8 Dynamic Lighting Control System 369 21.9 Conclusions 370 References 370 Index 373