Most people want to stay healthy. Few enjoy being sick. Given that health is such a universally shared value, one might think that people's thinking about health is easily understood, and that changing behaviours with health consequences should be relatively easy. Of course, this not the case at all. For example, fewer than 50 per cent of sexually active college students use condoms to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, and less than 60 per cent of women over the age of 50 seek annual screening mammography, despite its obvious value for the early detection of breast cancer and the intense publicity devoted to it. The principles of social psychology provide a unique vantage point for understanding these paradoxes of health cognition and health behaviour. This volume provides classic and contemporary theory and research in social psychology that sheds light on how people think about health and illness as well as their willingness to engage in health-relevant behaviours. It begins by exploring mental representations. These personal construals and implicit theories can be linked to behaviour, and the second section of the volume looks at those links. People can react to new health information in different ways - with acceptance, defensiveness, or downright ignorance, and this volume next turns to research that can help us to understand these varied reactions. Several sections of the volume consider the utility of classic social psychological theories and perspectives in understanding behaviour relevant to health and illness. These include social influence, social comparison, pluralistic ignorance, social support, cognitive dissonance, message framing, and fear communication. Attention is also directed to links between personality characteristics and health, such as those between hostility and heart disease, and confiding traumatic experiences and immune function. A final section concludes with articles considering the broader social environment - including race, gender, and class - and its role in health and illness. The volume also contains an introductory chapter by the editors providing a history of personality and social psychology's interest in health and illness. Together with overviews for each section, discussion questions, and suggestions for further reading, the volume is a suitable text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on health psychology.

Table of Contents:

Part 1. Mental Models of Health and Illness. D. Meyer, H. Leventhal, M. Guttman, Common-sense Models of Illness: The Example of Hypertension. M. Gerrard, F.X. Gibbons, A.C. Benthin, R.M. Hessling, A Longitudinal Study of the Reciprocal Nature of Risk Behaviors and Risk Cognitions in Adolescents: What You Do Shapes What You Think and Vice Versa. N.D. Weinstein, Testing Four Competing Theories of Health-protective Behavior. Part 2. HealthBeliefs and Health Behavior. N.D. Weinstein, A.J. Rothman, S.R. Sutton, Stage Theories of Health Behavior: Conceptual and Methodological Issues. J.O. Prochaska, C.C. DiClemente, J.C. Norcross, In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors. F.X. Gibbons, M. Gerrard, H. Blanton, D.W. Russell, Reasoned Action and Social Reaction: Willingness and Intention as Independent Predictors of Health Risk. Part 3. HealthInformation Processing. P.H. Ditto, R.T. Croyle, Understanding the Impact of Risk Factor Test Results: Insights from a Basic Research Program. A. Liberman, S. Chaiken, Defensive Processing of Personally Relevant Health Messages. T.K. MacDonald, G.T. Fong, M.P. Zanna, A.M. Martineau, Alcohol Myopia and Condom Use: Can Alcohol Intoxication be Associated with More Prudent Behavior? Part 4. Social Influence and Health andIllness: Social Comparison and Social Norms. J.V. Wood, S.E. Taylor, R.R. Lichtman, Social Comparison in Adjustment to Breast Cancer. F.X. Gibbons, M. Gerrard, Predicting Young Adults' Health Risk Behavior. D.A. Prentice, D.T. Miller, Pluralistic Ignorance and Alcohol Use on Campus: Some Consequences of Misperceiving the Social Norm. J.A. Kulik, H.I.M. Mahler, P.J. Moore, Social Comparison and Affiliation under Threat: Effects on Recovery from Major Surgery. Part 5. Social Supportand Health and Illness. J.S. House, K.R. Landis, D. Umberson, Social Relationships and Health. S. Cohen, Psychosocial Models of the Role of Social Support in the Etiology of Physical Disease. Part 6. Changing Behavior.N.D. Weinstein, J.E. Lyon, P.M. Sandman, C.L. Cuite, Experimental Evidence for Stages of Health Behavior Change: The Precaution Adoption Process Model Applied to Home Radon Testing. A.J. Rothman, P. Salovey, C. Turvey, S.A. Fishkin, Attributions of Responsibility and Persuasion: Increasing Mammography Utilization among Women over Forty with an Internally Oriented Message. J. Stone, E. Aronson, A.L. Crain, M.P. Winslow, C.B. Fried, Inducing Hypocrisy as a Means of Encouraging Young Adults to Use Condoms. A.J. Rothman, S.C. Martino, B.T. Bedell, J.B. Detweiler, P. Salovey, The Systematic Influence of Gain- and Loss-framed Messages on Interest in and Use of Different Types of Health Behavior. Part 7. Personalityand Health. H.S. Freidman, S. Booth-Kewley, The 'Disease-prone Personality'. T.W. Smith, Hostility and Health: Current Status of a Psychosomatic Hypothesis. M.F. Scheier, K.A. Matthews, J.F. Owens, G.J. Magovern, Sr., R.C. Lefebvre, R.A. Abbott, C.S. Carver, Dispositional Optimism and Recovery from Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: The Beneficial Effect on Physical and Psychological Well-being. J.W. Pennebaker, Writing about Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process.