Social Work Macro Practice focuses on work with organizations and communities, including planned change approaches and implementation.   This new edition of Social Work Macro Practice has been updated and revised to make it an even stronger and more user-friendly text. The authors have designed the book to mesh well with a variety of contemporary policy texts.

Table of Contents:
Preface Acknowledgments   PART ONE:    VALUES AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES   Chapter 1:    An Introduction to Macro Practice in Social Work     Macro Practice in Context         Experiences of Former Students     What is Macro Practice?         Levels of Involvement in Social Work Practice         A Systematic Approach to Macro Social Work Practice         Interrelationship of Micro and Macro Social Work Practice     The Foundation of Macro Practice         Theories and Models            Values and Ethical Dilemmas             Autonomy             Beneficence             Social Justice     Three Case Examples         Case Example 1: Child Protective Services         Case Example 2: Case Management with Elderly and Disabled Persons         Case Example 3: Displaced Homemaker Services     Surviving the Dilemmas     Professional Identity     Assumptions About Planned Change         Using an Informed Systems Approach to Identify Goals and Outcomes         Valuing Consumer/Collaborator Participation         Embracing One’s Professional Identity by Thinking Critically     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Suggested Readings     References       Chapter 2:    The Historical Roots of Macro Practice     Trends Underlying the Emergence of Social Work Roles         Social Conditions                                      Population Growth and Immigration             Industrialization             Urbanization             Change in Institutional Structures         Ideological Currents         Oppressed and Disadvantaged Populations             Native Americans             Latinos             African Americans             Asian Americans             Women             Persons with Disabilities             Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons         The Development of Social Work         Early Social Work Education     Community Organization and Social Reform         Effects of the Great Depression         Social Work and Social Change     The Organizational Context of Social Work     Contemporary Trends         Social Conditions             Poverty and Welfare Reform             Income Inequality             Patterns of Affiliation and Identification with Community             Changes in Organizations and Delivery Systems         The Information Age         Ideological Currents         Oppressed and Disadvantaged Populations             Terminology             Native Americans             Latinos             African Americans             Asian Americans             Women             Persons with Disabilities             Lesbian, Gay Bisexual, and Transgender Persons             Lingering Problems     The Importance of Change     Summary     Discussion Questions     Suggested Readings     References   PART II:    UNDERSTANDING PROBLEMS AND POPULATIONS   Chapter 3:    Understanding Community and Organizational Problems     What is Social Work Practice?         The Role of the Social Worker in Macro Practice             The Social Worker’s Entry into an Episode of Macro-Level Change     Guidelines for Planning Change         Exploring the Professional Knowledge Base         Narrowing Down to the Most Useful Data and Information     Understanding Problems and Opportunities             Task 1: Gather Information from Key Informants in the Community or Organization             Identify Major Participants             Identify the Community or Organizational Condition             Identify Relevant Historical Incidents                 Task 2: Explore the professional knowledge base on the Condition, Problem, Need or Opportunity             Explore Relevant Theoretical and Research Resources             Collect Supporting Data                     Make the Data Meaningful for Interpretation             Task 3: Select Factors that Help Explain the Underlying Causes of the Problem     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Appendix     Suggested Readings     References   Chapter 4:    Understanding Populations     Selecting and Studying a Population                          Task 1: Search the Professional Knowledge Base on the Target Population             Understand Concepts and Issues Related to Growth and Development             Identify Relevant Theoretical Perspectives         Task 2: Seek Diverse Perspectives             Listen to Persons Who Have Experienced the Problem         Task 3: Select Factors that Help in Understanding the Target Population         Task 4: Develop a Working Hypothesis of Etiology about the Problem         Review What Was Learned in Both the Problem Analysis and Population Analysis             Select Important Factors Explaining the Current Problem             Prepare a Hypothesis     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Appendix: Framework for Understanding the Target Population     References     Suggested Readings   PART III:    COMMUNITIES AS ARENAS OF CHANGE   Chapter 5:    Understanding Communities         Introduction         Defining Community         Types of Communities     Distinguishing Community Theories and Models     Community Functions         When Community Functions Fail     Systems Theory         Strengths and Weaknesses     Human or Population Ecology Theory         Strengths and Weaknesses     Human Behavior Theories         Interaction and Values         Collective Identity         Needs         Strengths and Weaknesses     Theories about Power, Change and Politics         Understanding the Politics of Community Diversity         Strengths and Weaknesses     Contemporary Perspectives         Strengths, Empowerment, and Resiliency Perspectives         Capacity Building and Assets Mapping             Household Units             Natural Support Systems and Social Networks             Self-Help Groups             Voluntary Associations     Community Practice Models     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Suggested Readings     References   Chapter 6:    Assessing Communities     Introduction     Two Community Vignettes         Vignette 1: Canyon City             Encountering the Community             Narrowing the Focus             Mobilizing Resources         Vignette 2: Lakeside             Assessing Major Changes             Witnessing the Impact of Change         Implications of Vignettes     A Framework for Community Assessment         Task 1: Focus on Target Populations             Identify Target Population             Understand Characteristics of Target Population Members             Assess Target Population Needs         Task 2: Determine Community Characteristics             Identify Community Boundaries             Identify Community Strengths, Issues, & Problems             Understand Dominant Values         Task 3: Recognize Community Differences             Identify Formal and Covert Mechanisms of Oppression             Recognize Potential Discrimination         Task 4: Identify Community Structure             Recognize Locations of Power and Resource Availability             Examine Service-Delivery Units             Identify Patterns of Resource Control and Service Delivery             Determine Linkages Between Units     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Appendix: Framework for Assessing Community     Suggested Readings     References   PART IV:    ORGANIZATIONS AS ARENAS OF CHANGE   Chapter 7:    Understanding Organizations     Introduction         Defining Organizations         Using Theory         Distinguishing Organizational Theories     Bureaucracy and Organizational Structure     Management Theories         Scientific and Universalistic Management         Human Relations         Theory X and Theory Y         Management by Objectives (MBO)     Organizational Goals and the Natural-System Perspective     Decision Making     Organizations as Open Systems         Understanding Open Systems         Contingency Theory     Contemporary Perspectives         Power and Politics         Organizational Culture         Quality-oriented Management         Evidence-Based Management         Summary and Analysis of Contemporary Theories     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     References     Suggested Readings   Chapter 8:    Assessing Human Service Organizations     Introduction     Two Vignettes of Human Service Organizations         Vignette 1: Canyon County Department of Child Welfare             Creating a Dynamic Organization             Dismantling a Dynamic Organization             Involvement of the County Board         Vignette 2: Lakeside Family Services             Historical Development             Major Changes Occur             The Search for Strategies     A Framework for Organizational Assessment         Task 1: Assess the Task Environment             Identify and Assess Relationships with Revenue Sources             Identify and Assess Relationships with Clients and Referral Sources                Identify and Assess Relationships with Other Elements in the Task Environment         Task 2: Assess the Organization Internally             Identify Corporate Authority and Mission             Understand Program Structure and Management Style             Assess the Organization=s Programs and Services             Assess Personnel Policies, Procedures and Practices             Assess Adequacy of Technical Resources and Systems     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Appendix: Framework for Assessing a Human Service Organization     References     Suggested Readings   PART V:    CHANGING MACRO SYSTEMS   Chapter 9:    Building Support for the Proposed Change     Designing the Intervention           Task 1: Develop the Intervention Hypothesis             Refine the Working Hypothesis of Etiology             Develop a Working Intervention Hypothesis             Summary of Steps in Developing the Intervention             Hypothesis     Building Support         Task 2: Define Participants             Identify the Initiator System             Identify the Change Agent System             Identify the Client System             Identify the Support System             Identify the Controlling System             Identify the Host and Implementing Systems             Identify the Target System             Identify the Action System             Systems in Interaction            Task 3: Examine System Readiness for Change             Assess General Openness to Change             Identify Anticipated or Actual Response             Determine Availability of Resources             Examine Outside Opposition to Change     Selecting an Approach to Change             Task 4: Select a Change Approach             Select a Policy, Program, Project, Personnel, or Practice Approach             Approaches in Interaction     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Appendix: Framework for Developing an Intervention     Suggested Readings     References   Chapter 10:    Selecting Appropriate Strategies and Tactics     Assessing the Political & Economic Context              Task 1: Assess Political and Interpersonal Considerations             Assess Duration, Intensity, and Frequency             Address Public Image and Relationship              Task 2: Assess Resource Considerations                Determine the Cost of Change             Determine the Cost of Doing Nothing              Task 3: Weigh the Likelihood of Success             Identify Alternative Perspectives             Assess Support from Individuals, Groups, and Organizations             Assess Level of Support     Selecting Strategies and Tactics              Task 4: Select Strategies and Tactics             Consider Strategies             Identify Tactics             Consider the Pros and Cons of Collaborative Strategies             Consider the Pros and Cons of Campaign Strategies                 Consider the Pros and Cons of Contest Strategies             Weigh Relevant Considerations in Selecting Tactics     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises     Appendix     Suggested Readings     References   Chapter 11:    Planning, Implementing, Monitoring, and Evaluating the Intervention     Planning the Details of the Intervention         Example #1: A Program Approach         Example #2: A Policy Approach         The Importance of Implementation     Intervention Planning         Task 1: Set a Goal for the Intervention     Developing Objectives for the Intervention         Task 2: Write Outcome Objectives             Establish a Time Frame for the Objective             Define the Target Population             Specify a Result or Outcome             Define a Criterion for Measuring Success             Example of a Complete Outcome Objective         Task 3: Develop Process Objectives             Establish a Time Frame for the Process Objective             Define the Target             Specify a Result for the Process Objective             Define a Criterion to be used for Documentation Purposes             Example of a Process Objective         Task 4: List Activities for Process Objectives             Formatting Activities for Easy Monitoring     Implementing and Monitoring the Plan         Task 5: Initiate the Action Plan             Manage Logistics             Select and Train Personnel         Task 6: Monitor and Evaluate the Intervention             Monitor Technical Activities             Monitor Interpersonal Activities         Task 7: Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Intervention             Make Use of Available Resources             Compile Periodic Evaluation Reports     Summary     Discussion Questions and Exercises         Appendix A: Framework for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the intervention     Appendix B: Case example: Jackson County Foster Care     Suggested Readings     References   Index