Note: This is the bound book only and does not include access to the Enhanced Pearson eText. To order the Enhanced Pearson eText packaged with a bound book, use ISBN 0134675444. Speech Science: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice, 4th Edition focuses on the relationship between the scientific study of speech production and perception and the application of the material to the effective evaluation and treatment of communication disorders. Theoretical material is presented first, followed by clinical application chapters highlighting specific disorders. The organization of chapters in the new edition now more closely follows the speech subsystems approach, beginning with basic acoustics, and moving on to the respiratory system, phonatory system, articulatory/resonatory system, auditory system, and nervous system. As in previous editions, the book concludes with information on classic and current models and theories of speech production and perception. New and revised full color illustrations and larger spectrograms supplement the concepts presented by clearly depicting scientific and anatomical material and ensuring understanding of the links between the underlying science and human communicative behavior. Improve mastery and retention with the Enhanced Pearson eText* The Enhanced Pearson eText provides a rich, interactive learning environment designed to improve student mastery of content. The Enhanced Pearson eText is: Engaging. The new interactive, multimedia learning features were developed by the authors and other subject-matter experts to deepen and enrich the learning experience. Convenient. Enjoy instant online access from your computer or download the Pearson eText App to read on or offline on your iPad® and Android® tablet.* Affordable. Experience the advantages of the Enhanced Pearson eText along with all the benefits of print for 40% to 50% less than a print bound book. *The Enhanced eText features are only available in the Pearson eText format. They are not available in third-party eTexts or downloads. *The Pearson eText App is available on Google Play and in the App Store. It requires Android OS 3.1-4, a 7” or 10”  

Table of Contents:
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: The Nature of Sound CHAPTER 2: The Respiratory System CHAPTER 3: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders CHAPTER 4: The Phonatory/Laryngeal System CHAPTER 5: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Phonatory Disorders CHAPTER 6: The Articulatory/Resonatory System CHAPTER 7: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Articulatory and Resonance Disorders CHAPTER 8: The Auditory System CHAPTER 9: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders Related to Hearing Impairment CHAPTER 10: The Nervous System CHAPTER 11: Clinical Application: Brain Imaging in the Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders of the Nervous System CHAPTER 12: Models and Theories of Speech Production and Perception DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Chapter 1: The Nature of Sound   1 International System of Units  2 Basic Physics Concepts  3 Mass, Force, Weight, Volume, and Density  3 Speed, Velocity, Momentum, Acceleration, (and Inertia  5 Elasticity and Stiffness  5 Work, Energy, Power, and Intensity  5 Pressure  6 Sound: Changes in Air Pressure  7 Behavior of Air  7 Air Pressure  7 Airflow  8 Relationship between Air Pressure, Air Volume, and Air Density  8 The Nature of Sound  9 Why Molecules Keep Vibrating: Elasticity, Inertia, and Friction  11 Sound Propagation  13 Wave Motion of Sound  13 Longitudinal Versus Transverse Waves  13 Mass/Spring System  15 Simple Harmonic Motion  15 Frequency, Period, Wavelength, Velocity, and Amplitude  16 Visually Depicting Sound Waves: Waveforms  18 Pure Tones and Complex Sounds  21 Pure Tones  21 Complex Sounds  21 Periodic Versus Aperiodic Complex Waves  21 Visually Depicting Sound Waves: Spectra  23 Sound Absorption, Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction  24 Constructive and Destructive Interference  28 Attributes of Sounds  31 Frequency and Pitch  31 Frequency: Human Range of Hearing  32 Amplitude, Intensity, and Loudness  32 Decibel Scale  34 Logarithms and Ratios  34 Perception on the dB Scale  36 Advantages of the Decibel Scale  37 Applications of the Decibel Scale  38 Resonance  39 Acoustic Resonance  42 Tube Resonance and Standing Waves  44 Acoustic Resonators as Filters  47 Bandwidth  48 Cutoff Frequencies  49 Resonance Curves  49 Parameters of a Filter  49 Types of Filters  50  Summary 53 Review Exercises 54 Chapter 2: The Respiratory System      55 Pulmonary Apparatus  55 Bronchial Tree  56 Chest Wall  59 Muscles of Respiration  62 Accessory Muscles of Respiration  62 Muscles of the Abdomen  62 Pleural Linkage  64 Moving Air Into and Out of the Lungs  66 Inhalation  66 Exhalation  67 Rate of Breathing  67 Lung Volumes and Capacities  68 Resting Expiratory Level  69 Lung Volumes  69 Tidal Volume  70 Inspiratory Reserve Volume  70 Expiratory Reserve Volume  71 Residual Volume  71 Dead Air  72 Lung Capacities  72 Vital Capacity  72 Functional Residual Capacity  72 Inspiratory Capacity  72 Total Lung Capacity  73 Differences between Breathing for Life and Breathing for Speech  75 Location of Air Intake  76 Ratio of Time for Inhalation Versus (Exhalation  77 Volume of Air Inhaled and Exhaled (per Cycle  77 Muscle Activity for Exhalation  78 Chest Wall Shape  79 Breathing Patterns for Speech  80 Speech Breathing for Isolated Vowels and Connected Speech  82 Changes in Speech Breathing Over the Life Span  83 Features of Speech Breathing in Children  83 Features of Speech Breathing in Older Adults  84 Summary 86 Review Exercises 87 Chapter 3: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders 88 Measurement of Respiratory Variables  88 Pulmonary Function Testing  89 Respiratory Kinematic Analysis  92 Air Pressures  94 Airflow  95 Classification of Respiratory Problems  96 Symptoms of Respiratory Disorders  97 Respiratory Function and Speech Production in Selected Disorders  98 Principles of Clinical Management of Speech Breathing Disorders  98 Neurological Disorders  99 Parkinson’s Disease  99 Cerebellar Disease  101 Cervical Spinal Cord Injury  102 Cerebral Palsy  103 Mechanical Ventilation  104 Voice Disorders  106 Stuttering  108 Asthma  111 Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion  113 Summary 115 Review Exercises 115 Integrative Case Studies 116 Chapter 4: The Phonatory/Laryngeal System 118 Laryngeal Skeleton  118 Bones, Cartilages, and Membranes  118 Joints of the Larynx  123 Valves within the Larynx  127 Aryepiglottic Folds  127 False Vocal Folds  127 True Vocal Folds  127 Cover–Body Model  129 Glottis  130 Muscles of the Larynx  130 Extrinsic Muscles  130 Intrinsic Muscles  131 Myoelastic–Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation  137 Models of Vocal Fold Vibration  138 Features of Vocal Fold Vibration  139 Changes in the Phonatory/Laryngeal System Over the Life Span  144 Infancy and Childhood  144 Puberty  144 Adulthood  145 Vocal Quality  147 Normal Voice Quality  148 Abnormal Voice Qualities  149 Vocal Registers  151 Physiologic and Acoustic Characteristics of Registers  152 Use of Different Registers in Singing and Speaking  153 Summary 154 Review Exercises 154 Chapter 5: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Phonatory Disorders 155 Measurement of Phonatory Variables  155 Acoustic Analysis  155 Perturbation Measures  160 Noise Measures  162 Laryngeal Visualization Methods  163 Electroglottography  163 EGG and Register  167 EGG Slope Quotients  167 Techniques for Visualizing the Larynx  170 Advantages of Acoustic and Visual Analysis of Phonatory Function  174 Evaluation and Treatment of Communication Disorders Involving the Phonatory System  176 Neurological Disorders  176 Benign Mucosal Lesions  181 Laryngeal Cancer  183 Hearing Impairment  186 Transsexual Voice  187 Stuttering  188 Summary 191 Review Exercises 192 Integrative Case Studies 192 Chapter 6: The Articulatory/Resonatory System      195 Articulators of the Vocal Tract  195 Oral Cavity  196 Lips  197 Mandible  198 Maxilla  199 Teeth  200 Hard Palate  203 Soft Palate  203 Tongue  207 Pharynx  211 Muscles of the Pharynx  212 Nasal Cavities  213 Valves of the Vocal Tract  214 Traditional Classification System of Consonants and Vowels  215 Place of Articulation of English (Consonants  215 Manner of Articulation of English (Consonants  216 Voicing  221 Vowel Classification  221 Vocal Tract Resonance  223 Characteristics of the Vocal Tract Resonator  224 Source-Filter Theory of Vowel Production  226 Formant Frequencies Related to Oral and Pharyngeal Volumes  228 Vowel Formant Frequencies  231 F1/F2 Plots  233 Spectrographic Analysis  234 Narrowband and Wideband Spectrograms  235 Relationship Between Articulation and Spectrographic Characteristics of Vowels and Consonants  235 Vowels  236 Diphthongs  236 Nasals  238 Glides  239 Liquids  239 Stops  240 Fricatives  244 Affricates  246 The Production of Speech Sounds in Context  246 Coarticulation  247 Speaking Rate  249 Suprasegmentals  249 Summary 253 Review Exercises 253 Chapter 7: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Articulatory and Resonance Disorders 255 Articulation, Intelligibility, and Instrumental Measurement  255 Ultrasound  256 Electropalatography and Glossometry  257 Magnetic Resonance Imaging  258 Electromagnetic Articulography  258 Evaluation and Treatment of Communication Disorders Involving Articulation and Resonation  260 Dysarthria/Apraxia  260 Hearing Impairment  267 Cochlear Implantation  270 Speech Sound Disorders  272 Cleft Palate  274 Stuttering  275 Resonance Problems  76 Summary 278 Review Exercises 278 Integrative Case Studies 279 Chapter 8: The Auditory System 282 Anatomy of the Ear  282 Outer Ear  282 Tympanic Membrane  284 Middle Ear  284 Inner Ear  288 Perception of Speech  293 Segmentation Problem  293 Role of Redundancy in Speech (Perception  294 Instrumental Analysis of Vowel and Consonant Perception  294 Perception of Vowels and Diphthongs  295 Formant Frequency Relationships  295 Diphthongs  297 Consonants  298 Categorical Perception  298 Multiple Acoustic Cues  299 Influence of Coarticulation  299 Perception of Consonants  300 Liquids  300 Glides  300 Nasals  300 Stops  301 Fricatives  303 Affricates  303 Summary 304 Review Exercises 304 Chapter 9: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders Related to Hearing Impairment 305 Types of Hearing Loss  305 Diagnosis of Hearing Impairment  306 Immittance Audiometry  306 Tympanometry  307 Static-Acoustic Middle Ear Admittance  311 Acoustic Reflex Testing  311 Otoacoustic Emissions Testing  312 Auditory Brain Stem Response Testing  313 Hearing Loss and Speech Perception  314 Clinical Application  314 Phoneme Recognition in Speakers with Hearing Loss  315 Acoustic Cues Used in Phoneme (Recognition  316 Vowel Perception  316 Consonant Perception  317 Cochlear Implants  317 Clinical Application  320 Otitis Media and Speech Perception  320 Language and Reading Disability and Speech Perception  321 Temporal Processing Problems  322 Developmental Dyslexia and Speech Perception  324 Articulatory Problems and Speech Perception  324 Clinical Application  326 Summary 326 Review Exercises 327 Integrative Case Studies 327Chapter 10 Chapter 10: The Nervous System 328 Brain Tissue  329 Glial Cells  329 Neurons  330 Neuronal Function  333 Neurotransmission  333 Central and Peripheral Nervous (Systems  338 Central Nervous System  339 Functional Brain Anatomy  342 Cortex  342 Cortical Connections  344 Lobes of the Brain  345 Subcortical Areas of the Brain  350 Basal Nuclei  350 Thalamus  352 Hypothalamus  353 Brain Stem  354 Midbrain  355 Pons  355 Medulla  355 Cerebellum  356 Spinal Cord  357 Spinal Nerves  361 Cranial Nerves  362 CN V: Trigeminal  363 CN VII: Facial  365 CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear  365 CN IX: Glossopharyngeal  365 CN X: Vagus  365 CN XII: Hypoglossal  367 Blood Supply to the Brain  368 Motor Control Systems Involved in Speech Production  369 Motor Cortex  370 Upper and Lower Motor Neurons  372 Direct and Indirect Systems  375 Motor Units  375 Principals of Motor Control  378 Role of Feedback and Feedforward in Speech Motor Control  378 Role of Sensory Information in Speech Motor Control  379 Efference Copy  379 Summary 380 Review Exercises 380 Chapter 11: Clinical Application: Brain Imaging in the Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders of the Nervous System 381 Techniques for Imaging Brain (Structure  382 Computerized Tomography  382 Magnetic Resonance Imaging  383 Techniques for Imaging Brain Function  384 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging  384 Positron Emission Tomography  385 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography  385 Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials  386 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  388 Use of Brain Imaging Techniques in Communication Disorders  390 Stuttering  390 Stroke  391 Parkinson’s Disease  392 Multiple Sclerosis  393 Alzheimer’s Disease  394 Summary 395 Review Exercises 395 Integrative Case Studies 396 Chapter 12: Models and Theories of Speech Production and Perception 397 Models and Theories  398 Models  398 Theories  399 Issues Related to Organization and Regulation of Speech Motor Control  400 The Serial-Order Issue  400 Degrees of Freedom  401 Context-Sensitivity Problem  401 Models and Theories of Speech Production  401 Dynamic Systems Models  401 Connectionist Models  402 Spatial and Articulatory Target Models  402 Feedback and Feedforward Models  404 The DIVA Model  405 Speech Perception  406 Specialization of Speech Perception  406 Infant Perception  407 Models and Theories of Speech Perception  408 Acoustic Invariance Theory  408 Direct Realism  409 TRACE Model  409 Logogen Theory  410 Cohort Theory  410 Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception  410 Native Language Magnet Theory  411 Motor Theory  411 Summary 413 Review Exercises 414 Glossary 415 References 431 Index 459