Strategy and Structurecontains 37 short readings arranged by rhetorical patterns, which are presented as techniques or methods that enable a writer to fulfill the purpose of an essay.

Table of Contents:
Thematic Contents Preface 1      Writer as Reader Developing Your Abilities  The Writer’s Purpose x   Active Reading    The Writer’s Approach The Process Illustrated Lyn Metivier, The Reading Disorder  it. Exercises  2      Prewriting: Generating Ideas                                                                   Examining the First Stage of the Writing Process  The Principles and Approaches of Prewriting*  Freewriting    Brainstorming   Clustering * Branching*     Maintaining a Journal Exercises  3      Composing: Developing an Effective Draft Essay                                                                                                   Moving from Ideas to Essay  Recognizing the Structure of an Essay  The Introduction xx   The Body    The Conclusion Understanding the Thesis: The Bridge from Prewriting to Composing  Developing an Effective Thesis xx   Placing the Thesis Effectively xx   Creating Effective Content and Correct Form Focusing on Your Reader* Amplifying to Meet the Needs of Your Reader* Maintaining Unity* Considering Organization* Preserving Coherence* Completing Multiple Drafts  Providing Proper Documentation  Exercises  4      Revising: Refining Your Writing                                                            Making Your Writing Polished and Effective  Reassessing  Redrafting  Editing  Tightening Your Writing    Proofreading The Relationship between Your Purpose and the Rhetorical Modes  Exercises  5      Narration                                                                                                      The Technique  The Proper Sequence    Flashbacks and Flashforwards *  Effective Point of View xx  A Thorough Presentation An Annotated Example LANGSTON HUGHES, Salvation  MARGERY EAGAN, Bond between Mother, Child Understood after Mom Is Gone  . FRANK MCCOURT, The Bed  * HARTLEY NEITA, Old Man Edwards  * Other Possibilities for Using Narration  Writing at Work  Narration Blue Man Group, Tubes Practical Application: Narration  6      Description                                                                                                   The Technique  Sensory Details    A Developed and Focused Description  *  Objective and Subjective Description   An Appropriate Order * An Annotated Example AMY TAN, Fish Cheeks  RICHARD SELZER,The Discus Thrower  JAMAICA KINCAID, My House  * STEPHEN KING, A Walk Seriously Interrupted  * I Other Possibilities for Using Description  Writing at Work Description Press Release:  Too Many Cooks? * Practical Application: Description  7      Example                                                                                                         The Technique  Specific Examples *   Relevant Examples * Multiple and Varied Examples *  An Effective Arrangement * An Annotated Example STEVEN PINKER, Horton Heared a Who BERNICE KANNER, The Nose Knows After All  * . STEVEN DOLOFF, Let’s Offer a Good Word on Politics  * . BOB KERR, The Best Story Turned Out to Be No Story at All  Other Possibilities for Using Example  Writing at Work Example FAQ  Practical Application: Example 8      Process                                                                                                         The Technique  Clarity and Directness    Simple, Logical Steps    Specific Outcomes and Negative Instructions  xxx  Linear Order An Annotated Example DIANE ACKERMAN, Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall  JOSUA PIVEN and DAVID BORGENICHT, How to Land a Plane  . JILL GRIFFIN, Growing a Loyal Customer  * . MALCOLM X with ALEX HALEY, Education  . Other Possibilities for Using Process  Writing at Work  Process Parking  Practical Application: Process  9      Definition The Technique  The Elements of an Effective Definition   Formal, Limited, and Extended Definition * Denotation, Connotation, and Etymology    Negation * An Annotated Example ELLEN GOODMAN, The Workaholic  JOE ROGERS, Yellow Skies, Blue Trees  * ROGER ROSENBLATT, The Man in the Water  ANNA QUINDLEN, Homeless Other Possibilities for Using Definition  Writing at Work  Definition Tonight’s Sky  Practical Application: Definition  10   Comparison and Contrast                                                                          The Technique  A Clear Basis for Comparison   A Thorough and Specific Presentation    Appropriate Analogies and Illustration*   An Effective Arrangement An Annotated Example DEBORAH TANNEN, Conversation at Warp Speed * KAY REDFIELD JAMISON, Speaking of Madness  * STEPHEN BAYLEY, The Triumph of the Good Bad Book * ELIZABETH WONG, To Be an All-American Girl . Other Possibilities for Using Comparison and Contrast  Writing at Work Comparison and Contrast Dexa Scan Report Practical Application: Comparison and Contrast  xxx 11   Cause and Effect The Technique  Direct and Related Causes and Effects    Multiple Cause-and-Effect Situations    An Appropriate Focus    An Effective Arrangement   An Annotated Example KEN WEBER, The Varying Wonder of Waves STANLEY ARONSON, The Sweet, Fresh Smell of Morning  * . NICOLE KRYSTAL, ‘Tutoring’ Rich Kids Cost Me My Dreams * ANNIE DILLARD, Hitting Pay Dirt  Other Possibilities for Using Cause and Effect  Writing at Work  Cause and Effect DixieCups  Practical Application: Cause and Effect 12   Division and Classification The Technique  An Annotated Example DAVID BODANIS, What’s in Your Toothpaste . JONATHAN WALTERS, Throwing  DIANE RIVA, Exposed Toes  . ARNO KARLEN, Ectoparasites  Other Possibilities for Using Division and Classification  Writing at Work Division and Classification Products and Services  Practical Application: Division and Classification  13   Argument                                                                                                     The Approach: Understanding Argument  The Modes in Combination   Types of Appeals   Types of Argument The Development of Your Paper  A Clear Stance on the Issue   Sufficient Valid Support   Tone    Errors in Logic   An Effective Arrangement An Annotated Example* WYNTON MARSALIS, Saving America’s Soul Kitchen * RUBEN NAVARRETTE, JR, Debunking Myths about Latinos * DUANE SHILLINGER, Prison Cells Open as School Doors Close * CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER, Beer?  Hot Dogs?  Steroids?  * Other Possibilities for Argument Essays  Writing at Work  Argument Oxfam:  Dear Friend. . . .  * Practical Application: Argument  Appendix:  Documentation  Glossary