This print textbook is available for students to rent for their classes. The Pearson print rental program provides students with affordable access to learning materials, so they come to class ready to succeed. For courses in introductory calculus-based physics.  A research-driven approach to physics   Physics for Scientists and Engineers incorporates Physics Education Research and cognitive science best practices that encourage conceptual development, problem-solving skill acquisition, and visualization. Knight stresses qualitative reasoning through physics principles before formalizing physics mathematically, developing student problem-solving skills with a systematic, scaffolded approach. The text presents a finely tuned, practical introduction to physics with problems that relate physics to everyday life and includes models, modeling, and advanced topics. With the 5th Edition, new and expanded media and assessments in Mastering and the Pearson eText provide fully integrated print and digital resources for both the active and traditional classroom. New content includes key topics such as Entropy quantitatively, Viscosity and Poiseuille’s Equation, and Carnot Efficiency details. 

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents Volume 1 Applications List Preface To Students Use of Color Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1–1 How Science Works 1–2 Models, Theories, and Laws 1–3 Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures 1–4 Units, Standards, and the SI System 1–5 Converting Units 1–6 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating *1–7 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension 2–1 Reference Frames and Displacement 2–2 Average Velocity 2–3 Instantaneous Velocity 2–4 Acceleration 2–5 Motion at Constant Acceleration 2–6 Solving Problems 2–7 Freely Falling Objects *2–8 Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions; Vectors 3–1 Vectors and Scalars 3–2 Addition of Vectors—Graphical Methods 3–3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar 3–4 Adding Vectors by Components 3–5 Unit Vectors 3–6 Vector Kinematics 3–7 Projectile Motion 3–8 Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion 3–9 Relative Velocity Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion 4–1 Force 4–2 Newton’s First Law of Motion 4–3 Mass 4–4 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 4–5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 4–6 Weight—the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force 4–7 Solving Problems with Newton’s Laws: Free-Body Diagrams 4–8 Problem Solving—A General Approach Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Using Newton’s Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces 5–1 Using Newton’s Laws with Friction 5–2 Uniform Circular Motion—Kinematics 5–3 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion 5–4 Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked 5–5 Nonuniform Circular Motion *5–6 Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Gravitation and Newton’s Synthesis 6–1 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 6–2 Vector Form of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 6–3 Gravity Near the Earth’s Surface 6–4 Satellites and “Weightlessness” 6–5 Planets, Kepler’s Laws, and Newton’s Synthesis 6–6 Moon Rises an Hour Later Each Day 6–7 Types of Forces in Nature *6–8 Gravitational Field *6–9 Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black Holes Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Work and Energy 7–1 Work Done by a Constant Force 7–2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors 7–3 Work Done by a Varying Force 7–4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Conservation of Energy 8–1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 8–2 Potential Energy 8–3 Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation 8–4 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy 8–5 The Law of Conservation of Energy 8–6 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems 8–7 Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity 8–8 Power 8–9 Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium *8–10 Gravitational Assist (Slingshot) Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Linear Momentum 9–1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force 9–2 Conservation of Momentum 9–3 Collisions and Impulse 9–4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions 9–5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension 9–6 Inelastic Collisions 9–7 Collisions in 2 or 3 Dimensions 9–8 Center of Mass (CM) 9–9 Center of Mass and Translational Motion *9–10 Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Rotational Motion 10–1 Angular Quantities 10–2 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities 10–3 Constant Angular Acceleration 10–4 Torque 10–5 Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia 10–6 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics 10–7 Determining Moments of Inertia 10–8 Rotational Kinetic Energy 10–9 Rotation plus Translational Motion; Rolling *10–10 Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down? Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Angular Momentum; General Rotation 11–1 Angular Momentum—Objects Rotating About a Fixed Axis 11–2 Vector Cross Product; Torque as a Vector 11–3 Angular Momentum of a Particle 11–4 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion 11–5 Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object 11–6 Conservation of Angular Momentum *11–7 The Spinning Top and Gyroscope 11–8 Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces *11–9 The Coriolis Effect Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture 12–1 The Conditions for Equilibrium 12–2 Solving Statics Problems *12–3 Applications to Muscles and Joints 12–4 Stability and Balance 12–5 Elasticity; Stress and Strain 12–6 Fracture *12–7 Trusses and Bridges *12–8 Arches and Domes Fluids 13–1 Phases of Matter 13–2 Density and Specif ic Gravity 13–3 Pressure in Fluids 13–4 Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure 13–5 Pascal’s Principle 13–6 Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer 13–7 Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle 13–8 Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity 13–9 Bernoulli’s Equation 13–10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs, Blood Flow 13–11 Viscosity *13–12 Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille’s Equation, Blood Flow *13–13 Surface Tension and Capillarity *13–14 Pumps, and the Heart Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Oscillations 14–1 Oscillations of a Spring 14–2 Simple Harmonic Motion 14–3 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator 14–4 Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion 14–5 The Simple Pendulum *14–6 The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum 14–7 Damped Harmonic Motion 14–8 Forced Oscillations; Resonance Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Wave Motion 15–1 Characteristics of Wave Motion 15–2 Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal 15–3 Energy Transported by Waves 15–4 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave *15–5 The Wave Equation 15–6 The Principle of Superposition 15–7 Reflection and Transmission 15–8 Interference 15–9 Standing Waves; Resonance 15–10 Refraction 15–11 Diffraction Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Sound 16–1 Characteristics of Sound 16–2 Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves 16–3 Intensity of Sound: Decibels 16–4 Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns *16–5 Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition 16–6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats 16–7 Doppler Effect *16–8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom *16–9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law 17–1 Atomic Theory of Matter 17–2 Temperature and Thermometers 17–3 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 17–4 Thermal Expansion *17–5 Thermal Stresses 17–6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature 17–7 The Ideal Gas Law 17–8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law 17–9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro’s Number *17–10 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale—a Standard Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Kinetic Theory of Gases 18–1 The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature 18–2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds 18–3 Real Gases and Changes of Phase 18–4 Vapor Pressure and Humidity 18–5 Temperature Decrease of Boiling Water with Altitude 18–6 Van der Waals Equation of State 18–7 Mean Free Path 18–8 Diffusion Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics 19–1 Heat as Energy Transfer 19–2 Internal Energy 19–3 Specific Heat 19–4 Calorimetry—Solving Problems 19–5 Latent Heat 19–6 The First Law of Thermodynamics 19–7 Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law 19–8 Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy 19–9 Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas 19–10 Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Second Law of Thermodynamics 20–1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics—Introduction 20–2 Heat Engines 20–3 The Carnot Engine; Reversible and Irreversible Processes 20–4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps 20–5 Entropy 20–6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 20–7 Order to Disorder 20–8 Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death 20–9 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law *20–10 Thermodynamic Temperature; Third Law of Thermodynamics 20–11 Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Appendices Mathematical Formulas Derivatives and Integrals Numerical Integration More on Dimensional Analysis Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution Differential Form of Maxwell’s Equations Selected Isotopes Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems Index Photo Credits Contents Volume 2 Applications List Preface To Students Use of Color Electric Charge and Electric Field 21–1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation 21–2 Electric Charge in the Atom 21–3 Insulators and Conductors 21–4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope 21–5 Coulomb’s Law 21–6 The Electric Field 21–7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions 21–8 Field Lines 21–9 Electric Fields and Conductors 21–10 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field 21–11 Electric Dipoles *21–12 Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Gauss’s Law 22–1 Electric Flux 22–2 Gauss’s Law 22–3 Applications of Gauss’s Law *22–4 Experimental Basis of Gauss’s and Coulomb’s Laws Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Electric Potential 23–1 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference 23–2 Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field 23–3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges 23–4 Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution 23–5 Equipotential Lines and Surfaces 23–6 Potential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole Moment 23–7 E → Determined from V 23–8 Electrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron Volt 23–9 Digital; Binary Numbers; Signal Voltage *23–10 TV and Computer Monitors *23–11 Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage 24–1 Capacitors 24–2 Determination of Capacitance 24–3 Capacitors in Series and Parallel 24–4 Storage of Electric Energy 24–5 Dielectrics *24–6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Electric Currents and Resistance 25–1 The Electric Battery 25–2 Electric Current 25–3 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Resistors 25–4 Resistivity 25–5 Electric Power 25–6 Power in Household Circuits 25–7 Alternating Current 25–8 Microscopic View of Electric Current *25–9 Superconductivity *25–10 Electrical Conduction in the Human Nervous System Questions, MisConceptions, Problems DC Circuits 26–1 EMF and Terminal Voltage 26–2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel 26–3 Kirchhoff’s Rules 26–4 EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery 26–5 RC Circuits—Resistor and Capacitor in Series 26–6 Electric Hazards and Safety 26–7 Ammeters and Voltmeters—Measurement Affects the Quantity Being Measured Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Magnetism 27–1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields 27–2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields 27–3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B → 27–4 Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field 27–5 Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Dipole Moment 27–6 Applications: Motors, Loudspeakers, Galvanometers 27–7 Discovery and Properties of the Electron 27–8 The Hall Effect 27–9 Mass Spectrometer Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Sources of Magnetic Field 28–1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire 28–2 Force between Two Parallel Wires 28–3 Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb 28–4 Ampère’s Law 28–5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid 28–6 Biot-Savart Law 28–7 Magnetic Field Due to a Single Moving Charge 28–8 Magnetic Materials—Ferromagnetism 28–9 Electromagnets and Solenoids—Applications 28–10 Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis *28–11 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday’s Law 29–1 Induced EMF 29–2 Faraday’s Law of Induction; Lenz’s Law 29–3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor 29–4 Electric Generators 29–5 Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents 29–6 Transformers and Transmission of Power 29–7 A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field *29–8 Information Storage: Magnetic and Semiconductor; Tape, Hard Drive, RAM *29–9 Applications of Induction: Microphone, Seismograph, GFCI Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits 30–1 Mutual Inductance 30–2 Self-Inductance; Inductors 30–3 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field 30–4 LR Circuits 30–5 LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations 30–6 LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit) 30–7 AC Circuits and Reactance 30–8 LRC Series AC Circuit; Phasor Diagrams 30–9 Resonance in AC Circuits 30–10 Impedance Matching *30–11 Three-Phase AC Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves 31–1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Displacement Current 31–2 Gauss’s Law for Magnetism 31–3 Maxwell’s Equations 31–4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves 31–5 Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, Derived from Maxwell’s Equations 31–6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 31–7 Measuring the Speed of Light 31–8 Energy in EM Waves; the Poynting Vector 31–9 Radiation Pressure 31–10 Radio and Television; Wireless Communication Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Light: Reflection and Refraction 32–1 The Ray Model of Light 32–2 Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror 32–3 Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors 32–4 Index of Refraction 32–5 Refraction: Snell’s Law 32–6 The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion 32–7 Total Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics *32–8 Refraction at a Spherical Surface Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Lenses and Optical Instruments 33–1 Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing and Focal Length 33–2 The Thin Lens Equation 33–3 Combinations of Lenses *33–4 Lensmaker’s Equation 33–5 Cameras: Film and Digital 33–6 The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses 33–7 Magnifying Glass 33–8 Telescopes 33–9 Compound Microscope 33–10 Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors Questions, MisConceptions, Problems The Wave Nature of Light: Interference and Polarization 34–1 Waves vs. Particles; Huygens’ Principle and Diffraction 34–2 Huygens’ Principle and the Law of Refraction 34–3 Interference-Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 34–4 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern 34–5 Interference in Thin Films 34–6 Michelson Interferometer 34–7 Polarization *34–8 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) *34–9 Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere *34–10 Brightness, in Lumens *34–11 Efficiency of Lightbulbs Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Diffraction 35–1 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk *35–2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern *35–3 Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment 35–4 Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures 35–5 Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the λ Limit 35–6 Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification 35–7 Diffraction Grating 35–8 The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy *35–9 Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating 35–10 X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction *35–11 X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan) *35–12 Specialty Microscopes and Contrast Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Appendices Mathematical Formulas Derivatives and Integrals Numerical Integration More on Dimensional Analysis Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution Differential Form of Maxwell’s Equations Selected Isotopes Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems Index Photo Credits Contents Volume 3 Applications List Preface To Students Use of Color The Special Theory of Relativity 36–1 Galilean-Newtonian Relativity 36–2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment 36–3 Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity 36–4 Simultaneity 36–5 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox 36–6 Length Contraction 36–7 Four-Dimensional Space-Time 36–8 Galilean and Lorentz Transformations 36–9 Relativistic Momentum 36–10 The Ultimate Speed 36–11 E = m c 2 ; Mass and Energy *36–12 Doppler Shift for Light 36–13 The Impact of Special Relativity Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom 37–1 Planck’s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation 37–2 Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect 37–3 Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon 37–4 Compton Effect 37–5 Photon Interactions; Pair Production 37–6 Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity 37–7 Wave Nature of Matter 37–8 Electron Microscopes 37–9 Early Models of the Atom 37–10 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom 37–11 The Bohr Model 37–12 de Broglie’s Hypothesis Applied to Atoms Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Quantum Mechanics 38–1 Quantum Mechanics—A New Theory 38–2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment 38–3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 38–4 Philosophic Implications; Probability Versus Determinism 38–5 The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension—Time-Independent Form *38–6 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation 38–7 Free Particles; Plane Waves and Wave Packets 38–8 Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box) 38–9 Finite Potential Well 38–10 Tunneling through a Barrier Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Quantum Mechanics of Atoms 39–1 Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms 39–2 Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Numbers 39–3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions 39–4 Multielectron Atoms; the Exclusion Principle 39–5 Periodic Table of Elements 39–6 X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number *39–7 Magnetic Dipole Moment; Total Angular Momentum 39–8 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence 39–9 Lasers *39–10 Holography Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Molecules and Solids 40–1 Bonding in Molecules 40–2 Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules 40–3 Weak (van der Waals) Bonds 40–4 Molecular Spectra 40–5 Bonding in Solids 40–6 Free-Electron Theory of Metals; Fermi Energy 40–7 Band Theory of Solids 40–8 Semiconductors and Doping 40–9 Semiconductor Diodes, LEDs, OLEDs 40–10 Transistors: Bipolar and MOSFETs 40–11 Integrated Circuits, 10-nm Technology Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity 41–1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus 41–2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces 41–3 Radioactivity 41–4 Alpha Decay 41–5 Beta Decay 41–6 Gamma Decay 41–7 Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws 41–8 Half-Life and Rate of Decay 41–9 Decay Series 41–10 Radioactive Dating 41–11 Detection of Particles Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation 42–1 Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements 42–2 Cross Section 42–3 Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors 42–4 Nuclear Fusion 42–5 Passage of Radiation Through Matter; Biological Damage 42–6 Measurement of Radiation—Dosimetry *42–7 Radiation Therapy *42–8 Tracers in Research and Medicine *42–9 Emission Tomography: PET and SPECT *42–10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Elementary Particles 43–1 High-Energy Particles and Accelerators 43–2 Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics—Particle Exchange 43–3 Particles and Antiparticles 43–4 Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws 43–5 Neutrinos 43–6 Particle Classification 43–7 Particle Stability and Resonances 43–8 Strangeness? Charm? Towards a New Model 43–9 Quarks 43–10 The Standard Model: QCD and Electroweak Theory 43–11 Grand Unified Theories 43–12 Strings and Supersymmetry Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Astrophysics and Cosmology 44–1 Stars and Galaxies 44–2 Stellar Evolution: Birth and Death of Stars, Nucleosynthesis 44–3 Distance Measurements 44–4 General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space 44–5 The Expanding Universe: Redshift and Hubble’s Law 44–6 The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background 44–7 The Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the Universe 44–8 Inflation: Explaining Flatness, Uniformity, and Structure 44–9 Dark Matter and Dark Energy 44–10 Large-Scale Structure of the Universe 44–11 Gravitational Waves—LIGO 44–12 Finally . . . Questions, MisConceptions, Problems Appendices Mathematical Formulas Derivatives and Integrals Numerical Integration More on Dimensional Analysis Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution Differential Form of Maxwell’s Equations Selected Isotopes Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems Index Photo Credits