"TCP/IP Illustrated," an ongoing series covering the many facets of TCP/IP, brings a highly-effective visual approach to learning about this networking protocol suite. "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2" contains a thorough explanation of how TCP/IP protocols are implemented. There isn't a more practical or up-to-date bookothis volume is the only one to cover the de facto standard implementation from the 4.4BSD-Lite release, the foundation for TCP/IP implementations run daily on hundreds of thousands of systems worldwide. Combining 500 illustrations with 15,000 lines of real, working code, "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2" uses a teach-by-example approach to help you master TCP/IP implementation. You will learn about such topics as the relationship between the sockets API and the protocol suite, and the differences between a host implementation and a router. In addition, the book covers the newest features of the 4.4BSD-Lite release, including multicasting, long fat pipe support, window scale, timestamp options, and protection against wrapped sequence numbers, and many other topics. Comprehensive in scope, based on a working standard, and thoroughly illustrated, this book is an indispensable resource for anyone working with TCP/IP.

Table of Contents:
( Most chapters open with "Introduction" and conclude with "Summary".) Preface. I. TCP FOR TRANSACTIONS. 1. T/TCP Introduction. Introduction. UDP Client-Server. TCP Client-Server. T/TCP Client-Server. Test Network. Timing Example. Applications. History. Implementations. Summary. 2. T/TCP Protocol. Introduction. New TCP Options for T/TCP. T/TCP Implementation Variables. State Transition Diagram. T/TCP Extended States. Summary. 3. T/TCP Examples. Introduction. Client Reboot. Normal T/TCP Transaction. Server Receives Old Duplicate SYN. Server Reboot. Request or Reply Exceeds MSS. Backward Compatibility. Summary. 4. T/TCP Protocol (Continued). Introduction. Client Port Numbers and TIME_WAIT State. Purpose of the TIME_WAIT State. TIME_WAIT State Truncation. Avoiding the Three-Way Handshake with TAO. Summary. 5. T/TCP Implementation: Socket Layer. Introduction. Constants. sosend Function. Summary. 6. T/TCP Implementation: Routing Table. Introduction. Code Introduction. radix_node_head Structure. rtentry Structure. rt_metrics Structure. in_inithead Function. in_addroute Function. in_matroute Function. in_clsroute Function. in_rtqtimo Function. in_rtqkill Function. Summary. 7. T/TCP Implementation: Protocol Control Blocks Introduction. in_pcbladdr Function. in_pcbconnect Function. Summary. 8. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Overview Introduction. Code Introduction. TCP protosw Structure. TCP Control Block. tcp_init Function. tcp_slowtimo Function. Summary. 9. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Output Introduction. tcp_output Function. Summary. 10. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Functions Introduction. tcp_newtcpcb Function. tcp_rtlookup Function. tcp_gettaocache Function. Retransmission Timeout Calculations. tcp_close Function. tcp_msssend Function. tcp_mssrcvd Function. tcp_dooptions Function. tcp_reass Function. Summary. 11. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Input Introduction. Preliminary Processing. Header Prediction. Initiation of Passive Open. Initiation of Active Open. PAWS: Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers. ACK Processing. Completion of Passive Opens and Simultaneous Opens. ACK Processing (Continued). FIN Processing. Summary. 12. T/TCP Implementation: TCP User Requests. Introduction. PRU_CONNECT Request. tcp_connect Function. PRU_SEND and PRU_SEND_EOF Requests. tcp_usrclosed Function. tcp_sysctl Function. T/TCP Futures. Summary. II. ADDITIONAL TCP APPLICATIONS. 13. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Introduction. Introduction to HTTP and HTML. HTTP Protocol. An Example. HTTP Statistics. Performance Problems. Summary. 14. Packets Found on an HTTP Server. Introduction. Multiple HTTP Servers. Client SYN Interarrival Time. RTT Measurements. listen Backlog Queue. Client SYN Options. Client SYN Retransmissions. Domain Names. Timing Out Persist Probes. Simulation of T/TCP Routing Table Size. Mbuf Interaction. TCP PCB Cache and Header Prediction. Summary. 15. NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol. Introduction. NNTP Protocol. A Simple News Client. A More Sophisticated News Client. NNTP Statistics. Summary. III. THE UNIX DOMAIN PROTOCOLS. 16. Unix Domain Protocols: Introduction. Introduction. Usage. Performance. Coding Examples. Summary. 17. Unix Domain Protocols: Implementation. Introduction. Code Introduction. Unix domain and protosw Structures. Unix Domain Socket Address Structures. Unix Domain Protocol Control Blocks. uipc_usrreq Function. PRU_ATTACH Request and unp_attach Function. PRU_DETACH Request and unp_detach Function. PRU_BIND Request and unp_bind Function. PRU_CONNECT Request and unp_connect Function. PRU_CONNECT2 Request and unp_connect2 Function. socketpair System Call. pipe System Call. PRU_ACCEPT Request. PRU_DISCONNECT Request and unp_disconnect Function. PRU_SHUTDOWN Request and unp_shutdown Function. PRU_ABORT Request and unp_drop Function. Miscellaneous Requests. Summary. 18. Unix Domain Protocols: I/O and Descriptor Passing. Appendix A. Measuring Network Times. RTT Measurements Using Ping. Protocol Stack Measurements. Latency and Bandwidth. Appendix B. Coding Applications for T/TCP. Bibliography.