An innovative resource for literacy teachers, Teaching the Struggling Reader takes a novel approach to instruction--the reading program is based on the needs of the struggling reader, rather than the other way around.  Most teachers plan their reading lesson and then work in the needs of a struggling reader.  This book is for teachers looking for a more contemporary and inclusive way to teach reading.  Starting with assessment, the author shows you how to group readers by ability and need rather than by risk factors. Finally, you will save planning time by learning how to incorporate strategies that you already know into developing your lesson, rather than changing your style to accommodate the requirements of a particular reading program. 

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents Chapter                                                                                                                                     Page 1–The Reading Process: The Task and the Reader........................................................................ 1       Beliefs About the Reading Process............................................................................................ 3       Reading Tasks.......................................................................................................................... 6             Word Recognition.............................................................................................................. 7             Fluency............................................................................................................................ 12             Comprehension................................................................................................................ 12       At-Risk Issues and Factors..................................................................................................... 18             Cognitive Factors............................................................................................................. 19             Linguistic Factors............................................................................................................. 20             Social and Cultural Factors............................................................................................... 22             Emotional Factors............................................................................................................ 23             Educational Factors.......................................................................................................... 23             Physical Factors............................................................................................................... 24       Next Step............................................................................................................................... 26       Questions for Reflection and Application................................................................................. 27       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading........................................................................... 27 2–Assessment: Putting the Reader at the Center of the Reading Program...................................... 30       Sources of Assessment Information......................................................................................... 32       Assessment Principles............................................................................................................. 33       Assessment Process................................................................................................................ 36             Student Background......................................................................................................... 38             Word Recognition............................................................................................................ 39             Fluency............................................................................................................................ 42             Comprehension................................................................................................................ 43             Attitude and Interests........................................................................................................ 45             At-Risk Factors............................................................................................................... 46       Ongoing Assessment............................................................................................................... 47       Case Studies........................................................................................................................... 51       Next Step............................................................................................................................... 52       Questions for Reflection and Application................................................................................. 52       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading........................................................................... 52 3–Framework for Developing a Reading Program for the Struggling Reader................................. 85       Models................................................................................................................................... 86             Directed Reading Activity/Directed Reading Thinking Activity/             Scaffolded Reading Experiences....................................................................................... 87             Direct Instruction.............................................................................................................. 91             Integrated Skills Method................................................................................................... 92             Early Steps....................................................................................................................... 94             Reading Recovery............................................................................................................ 95             Success for All................................................................................................................. 97             Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)................................................ 98             Language Experience Approach (LEA)........................................................................... 100             Reciprocal Teaching/Collaborative Strategic Reading...................................................... 101             Guided Reading.............................................................................................................. 103                                                                                                                                        Book Club..................................................................................................................... 105             Reading Workshop........................................................................................................ 106       Reading Materials................................................................................................................. 108             Readability..................................................................................................................... 109             Leveled Books............................................................................................................... 111       Next Step............................................................................................................................. 113       Questions for Reflection and Application............................................................................... 113       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading......................................................................... 113 4–Before Reading Strategies: Prereading and Planning............................................................... 120       Word Recognition Before Reading........................................................................................ 122             Teaching Phonemic Awareness....................................................................................... 123             Teaching Phonics, Analogy, and Structural Analysis......................................................... 129             Teaching Context Strategies............................................................................................ 136             Teaching Sight Words.................................................................................................... 138       Comprehension Before Reading............................................................................................ 141             Teaching Vocabulary...................................................................................................... 142             Teaching Key Concepts................................................................................................. 148             Purpose Setting and Predicting........................................................................................ 154       Next Step............................................................................................................................. 155       Questions for Reflection and Application............................................................................... 155       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading......................................................................... 156 5–During Reading Strategies: Supporting Strategic Reading....................................................... 159        Word Recognition During Reading........................................................................................ 162             Using Word Recognition Strategies................................................................................. 162             Understanding Sentence Structures and Figurative Language........................................... 164        Comprehension During Reading............................................................................................ 166             Teaching Comprehension................................................................................................ 167             Using Vocabulary Knowledge and Learning Vocabulary in Context................................. 178        Next Step............................................................................................................................ 180        Questions for Reflection and Application............................................................................... 181       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading......................................................................... 181 6–After Reading Strategies: Synthesizing and Extending............................................................. 184       Word Recognition After Reading.......................................................................................... 186             Recalling Word Recognition Strategies............................................................................ 186             Figuring Out Complex Sentence Structures and Figurative Language................................ 187       Fluency................................................................................................................................ 188             Teaching Fluency............................................................................................................ 188             Identifying Materials and Groupings for Fluency Instruction.............................................. 189       Comprehension After Reading.............................................................................................. 193             Recalling Vocabulary...................................................................................................... 193             Extending Understanding of Key Concepts...................................................................... 195       Next Step............................................................................................................................. 207       Questions for Reflection and Application............................................................................... 208       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading......................................................................... 208 7–Attitude and Motivation: From Reluctant to Enthused Reader................................................. 213       Factors Impacting Motivation................................................................................................ 214             Intrinsic Motivation......................................................................................................... 214             Extrinsic Motivation........................................................................................................ 216       Improving Attitude and Increasing Motivation........................................................................ 217             Focusing on the Reader................................................................................................... 218             Focusing on the Classroom............................................................................................. 220       Guidelines for Generating Enthusiastic Readers...................................................................... 224       Next Step............................................................................................................................. 226       Questions for Reflection and Application............................................................................... 226       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading......................................................................... 227 8–Families: Partnering with Parents........................................................................................... 228       Perspectives on Family-School Partnerships.......................................................................... 229       Family Literacy..................................................................................................................... 233       Final Comments.................................................................................................................... 236       Questions for Reflection and Application............................................................................... 237       Suggested Resources for Additional Reading......................................................................... 237 9–References........................................................................................................................... 239