Corrosion monitoring technologies are a vital step in efforts to combat corrosion, which can have major economic and safety implications. This important book provides a comprehensive analysis of the range of techniques for corrosion monitoring. It includes practical applications and case studies. The first part of the book reviews electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring, such as polarization techniques, potentiometric methods, harmonic analysis, galvanic sensors and multielectrode systems. A second group of chapters analyses other physical or chemical methods of corrosion monitoring. These include gravimetric techniques, radioactivity methods, hydrogen permeation methods and rotating cage techniques. The third part of the book examines corrosion monitoring in special environments such as concrete and soil. A final group of chapters discusses case studies, including the ways that corrosion monitoring can be applied to engine exhaust systems, cooling water systems, pipelines and equipment in chemical plants. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Techniques for corrosion monitoring will be a valuable reference guide for engineers, scientific and technical personnel who deal with corrosion in such sectors as automotive engineering, power generation and the petrochemical industry.

Table of Contents:
Introduction Corrosion fundamentals and evaluation techniques G A Cragnolino, Southwest Research Institute, USA - Introduction - General corrosion - Passivity and localized corrosion - Microbially influenced corrosion - Flow-assisted corrosion and erosion corrosion - Stress corrosion cracking - Corrosion fatigue - Hydrogen embrittlement - Characterization techniques - References Part 1 Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring Electrochemical polarization technique S Papavinasam, CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory, Canada - Introduction - Electrochemical nature of corrosion - Energy-potential-current relationship - Electrochemical polarization techniques for determining corrosion rates - Conversion of Icorr into corrosion rate - Measurement of corrosion rate by polarization methods in the laboratory - Measurement of corrosion rate by polarization methods in the field - General limitations of polarization methods of determining corrosion rate - Applications of polarization methods in the field - Future trends - Further information - References Electrochemical noise methods and harmonic analysis R Cottis, University of Manchester, UK - Introduction to Electrochemical Noise - Measurement of EN - Alternative EN measurement methods - Interpretation of EN - Comparison of EN and polarization resistance for the estimation of methods of measuring corrosion rate - Practical applications - Harmonic distortion analysis - Electrochemical frequency modulation - References Zero resistance ammetry and galvanic sensors R D Klassen and P R Roberge, Royal Military College of Canada, Canada - Introduction - Galvanic current - ZRA measurement circuitry - Applications - Future trends - References The differential flow through cell technique B Yang, Honeywell, USA - Introduction - Principles of the Differential Flow Cell (DFC) method - Data interpretation and use - Factors to consider on interpreting LCM readings - Applications - Future trends - References Potentiometric methods for measuring localised corrosion P Shukla, Southwest Research Institute, USA - Introduction - Thermodynamics of corrosion - Glavanic series of alloys - Potentiometric methods for measuring localized corrosion - References Multielectrode systems L Yang, Southwest Research Institute, USA - Introduction - Earlier multielectrode systems for high throughput corrosion studies - Uncoupled multielectrode arrays - Coupled multielectrode systems for corrosion detections - Coupled multielectrode arrays for spatiotemporal corrosion and electrochemical studies - Coupled multielectrode arrays for spatiotemporal corrosion measurements - Coupled multielectrode array sensors with simple output parameters for corrosion monitoring - Minimizing effects of internal currents, electronic-conducting deposits and crevices on performance of CMAS probes - Validation of corrosion rate measurement using coupled multielectrode array sensors - Applications of coupled multielectrode array sensor for real-time corrosion monitoring - Limitations of multielectrode systems - Summary - References Part 2 Other Physical or Chemical Methods for Corrosion Monitoring Gravimetric techniques K Chiang and T Mintz, Southwest Research Institute, USA - Introduction - Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques - Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique - Gravimetric techniques - Summary - References Radioactivity methods D Eberle, Southwest Research Institute, USA - Principle and history - Assumptions - Labeling methods - Potential isotopes - Calibration and conversion to corrosion units - Applications and limitations - Sources of further information - References Electrical resistance techniques C S Brossia, CC Technologies, USA - Introduction and background - Sensing probe designs - Examples of application and use - Sensing probe electronics and instrumentation - Variations on the ER theme - Advantages and limitations - Summary and conclusions - References Nondestructive evaluation methods for corrosion monitoring G Light, Southwest Research Institute, USA - Introduction - NDE methods for corrosion monitoring - Future trends - References Hydrogen permeation methods F Dean, Ion Science Ltd, UK - Introduction - Scenarios leading to hydrogen permeation and detection - A measurement of hydrogen activity based on flux measurement - Comments pertaining to particular flux measurement applications - References Rotating cage and jet impingement techniques S Papavinasam, CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory, Canada - Introduction - Rotating cage - Jet impingement - Prediction from laboratory test result to field application - Future trends - Further information - References Part 3 Corrosion Monitoring in Particular Environments and Other Issues Corrosion monitoring in microbial environments P Cristiani, Cesiricerca S.P.A, Italy - Introduction - Corrosion monitoring applied to MIC - Electrochemical sensors for the evaluation of MIC risk - Integrated on-line monitoring systems - Case histories - Summary - References Corrosion monitoring in concrete P Schießl, Technical University of Munich, Germany and C Dauberschmidt, Ingenieurbuero Schiessl, Germany - General - Deterioration mechanisms for corrosion in concrete - Assessment of corrosion and corrosion risk in concrete - Sensors for corrosion monitoring - Data evaluation - Applications - Conclusions - References Corrosion monitoring in soil N Khan, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia - Introduction - Types of soil corrosion probes - Electrical resistance probes - Monitoring & data interpretation - Effectiveness criteria - References Corrosion monitoring under coatings F Gui and C S Brossia, CC Technologies, USA - Introduction - Corrosion monitoring methods under coatings - Summary and conclusions - References Corrosion monitoring under cathodic protection conditions A Carlile, NuStar LP, USA - Introduction - Cathodic protection monitoring - Cathodic protection monitoring techniques - Cathodic protection monitoring technology - Effectiveness of corrosion control after installation and monitoring - Monitoring results and maintenance opportunities - Value of structure increases - Less replacement and maintenance cost for the company - Cathodic protection monitoring as required by USA government as a minimum requirement and other considerations - Monitoring frequency helps determine effectiveness of corrosion program - NACE recommendations - Cathodic protection monitoring relative to unusual or at risk environments - Field data to aid in cathodic protection monitoring - Data management - Overview - References Remote monitoring and computer applications R Smalling and L Blankenstein, American Innovations, USA - Introduction - Data considerations - Communications networks - Application specific requirements - NOC and supporting systems - References Models for predicting corrosion rates N Sridhar, Det Norske Veritas, USA - Introduction - Empirical models of general corrosion in natural environments - Empirical models of general corrosion in process environments - Empirical models for flow assisted corrosion - Empirical models for localized corrosion - Statistical approaches in modelling localized corrosion - Artificial neural network type models - Expert systems - Thermodynamic models - Mechanistic models of general corrosion - Mechanistic models of localized corrosion - Future trends - Sources of further information - References Part 4 Applications and Case Studies Corrosion monitoring in engine exhaust systems M Kass, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Introduction - Reciprocating engine combustion and exhaust chemistry - Formation of corrosion species - Monitoring techniques - Current issues and future trends - References Corrosion monitoring in cooling water systems using differential flow through cell techniques B Yang, Honeywell, USA - Introduction - Corrosion inhibition program selection and optimization - Program optimization at a chemical processing plant - Program optimization using pilot cooling tower tests - Refinery hydrocarbon leak detection and control - Refinery leak detection and program optimization - Admiralty brass corrosion control in cooling water system using brackish water as make-up - References Corrosion monitoring in the pulp and paper industry F Almeraya -Calderón, C V Orozco, C Gaona-Tiburcio, T A Borunda, J Chacón-Nava and A Martínez-Villafañe, Advanced Materials Research Center, CIMAV, Mexico - Introduction - Experimental procedures - Results and analysis - Conclusions - Acknowledgements - References Corrosion monitoring in chemical plant using electrochemical noise methods M Miyazawa, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Japan - Introduction - Investigation - Monitoring and corrosion control - Conclusion - References Corrosion monitoring under cathodic protection conditions using coupled multielectrode probe techniques X Sun, Corr Instruments LLC, USA - Introduction - Corrosion rate measurements for cathodically protected systems using CMAS probes - Measurements of localized corrosion rates of carbon steel in simulated seawater - Measurements of localized corrosion rates of carbon steel in concrete - Measurements of localized corrosion rates of cathodically protected carbon steel in soil - Measurements of localized corrosion rates of cathodically protected carbon steel in drinking water - Reference Measuring corrosion beneath organic coatings using wire beam electrodes Q Zhong, Shanghai University, China - Introduction - Mechanism - Wire beam electrode and its working mechanism - Application of wire beam electrode - References Corrosion monitoring in pipelines using the field signature method inspection tool (FSM-IT) N Bich, CorrCana Technology Inc, Canada - Introduction - Case studies - Acknowledgements - References