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Textbook of Pediatric Nursing

Textbook of Pediatric Nursing

          
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About the Book

• This book is based on the syllabus of BSc Nursing by Kerala University of Health Sciences and Indian Nursing Council.
• Concise, practical and easy-to-understand.
• Boxed presentation of important clues.
• Detailed system-wise coverage of congenital, medical and surgical conditions and nursing care.
• Comprehensive presentation of Nursing Care Plans for important conditions to enable student nurses to plan nursing care effectively.
• An excellent textbook for undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate nursing students.
• Serves as a source of reference for teaching faculty.

About the Author

Susamma Varghese MSc (Nursing) Child Health Nursing Anupama Susmitha MSc (Nursing) Child Health Nursing



Table of Contents:
Section 1: Introduction 1. History of Child Health Nursing ? Principles of Child Health Nursing 6 ? Differences Between Adult and Child Nursing 7 ? Rights of the Child 10 ? Qualities of a Pediatric Nurse 10 ? Roles of the Pediatric Nurse 11 ? Reaction of Child and Family toward Illness and Hospitalization 12 ? Pediatric History and Physical Examination 16 ? Preoperative and Postoperative Nursing Management of Children 20 Section 2: Healthy Child 2. Growth and Development 25 ? Characteristics/Principles of Growth and Development 26 ? Stages of Development 28 ? Factors Affecting Growth and Development 29 ? Developmental Theories 31 ? Assessment of Growth 34 ? Assessment of Development 41 3. Growth and Development of Infants 44 ? Physical or Biological Development 44 ? Changes in Physiologic Systems 45 ? Psychosocial Development 47 ? Cognitive Development 48 ? Psychosexual Development 48 ? Spiritual Development 49 ? Moral Development 49 ? Social and Emotional Development 49 ? Adaptive Behavior 49 ? Assessment of Vision in Early Infancy 51 ? Common Play Behavior in Infants 53 ? Early Developmental Stimulation 53 ? Infant at a Glance 54 4. Growth and Development of Toddlers 60 ? Physical/Biological Growth 60 ? Physiological Development 61 ? Psychosocial Development or Emotional Development 62 ? Psychosexual Development 64 ? Sibling Rivalry 64 ? Intellectual or Cognitive Development 65 ? Moral Development 65 ? Spiritual Development 66 ? Social Development 66 ? Language and Speech Development 66 ? Health Protection and Promotion of Toddlers 67 ? Needs of Toddlers 68 ? Toddler at a Glance 70 5. Growth and Development of Preschool Children 73 ? Preschool Children (3–5 Years) 73 ? Physical/Biological Development 73 ? Psychosocial Development 75 ? Psychosexual Development (Phallic Stage) 75 ? Intellectual or Cognitive Development 76 ? Spiritual Development 76 ? Social Development 76 ? Emotional Development 76 ? Language 77 ? Activities to Encourage Growth and Development 77 ? Teaching Safety Rules to Preschooler 77 ? Needs of Preschoolers 80 ? Preschool—At a Glance 82 6. Growth and Development of School-Age Children 83 ? School-Age Children (6–12 Years) 83 ? Biologic Development 83 ? Maturation of Systems 84 ? Psychosexual and Psychosocial Development 84 ? Cognitive or Intellectual Development 85 ? Moral Development 85 ? Language and Speech 85 ? Needs of School-Age Children 87 ? Problems of School-Age Children 88 ? School Age at a Glance 89 7. Growth and Development of Adolescents 90 ? Biologic Development 90 ? Puberty 91 ? Physiologic Development 93 ? Psychosocial Development 93 ? Psychosexual Development 93 ? Cognitive Development 94 ? Language and Speech Development 94 ? Spiritual Development 94 ? Needs of Adolescents 94 ? Life Skill Education 96 ? Problems of Adolescents 97 ? Growth and Development during Adolescence 101 ? Adolescence at a Glance 102 8. Nutrition in Children 103 Nutrition 103 ? Classification 103 ? Water 104 ? Energy 104 ? Carbohydrates 104 ? Proteins 104 ? Fats 105 ? Vitamins 105 ? Minerals 108 ? Food Guide triangle 110 Breastfeeding 110 ? Advantages of Breastfeeding 111 ? Preparation for Breastfeeding 111 ? Importance of Foremilk and Hindmilk in Mature Milk 112 ? Demand Feeding 112 ? Breastfeeding Positions 112 ? Breastfeeding Procedure 113 ? Breast Milk Storage and Expression 114 ? Maternal Illness and Breast Problems 115 ? Contraindications for Breastfeeding 115 ? Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding 115 Weaning 116 ? Weaning Food 116 ? Feeding Guidelines 116 ? Formula-Feeding 117 9. Accidents: Causes and Prevention 118 ? Injuries in Children (Accidents in Children) 118 ? Scope of the Problem 118 ? Risk Factors for Injuries 118 ? Principles of Injury Control 119 ? Common Causes of Injury 119 ? Precautions 123 10. Play Needs of Children 125 ? Characteristics of Children’s Play 125 ? Purposes/Values of Play 126 ? Factors Influencing Play 126 ? Types of Play 127 ? Selection of Play Materials 128 ? Play and Play Materials for Different Age Groups 129 11. Immunization 133 ? Types of Vaccines 133 ? Vaccine Failure 133 ? Administration of Multiple Vaccines 134 ? Dose of Vaccine 134 ? Prematurity and Immunizations 134 ? Combination Vaccines 134 ? Common Vaccines 135 ? Immunization Schedule 139 ? National Immunization Schedule 140 12. Preventive Pediatrics 141 ? Universal Children’s Day 141 ? National Policy for Children 141 ? Legislations in Relation to Child Health and Welfare 142 ? Legislations Related to the Welfare and Rehabilitation of the Disadvantaged 142 ? Child Welfare Programs 142 ? Child Morbidity and Mortality Rates 147 ? Genetic Counseling 148 ? Child Guidance Clinic 149 ? Care of Under Five and Under Five Clinics/Well Baby Clinics 150 Section 3: Neonatal Care 13. Care of a Newborn 155 ? Adaptations 155 ? Assessment of a Newborn 164 ? Birthmarks 166 ? Assessment for Wellbeing 172 ? Immediate Care of a Newborn 173 ? Kangaroo Mother Care (Kmc) Practice (Towards Mother-Baby Friendly Care for Lbw Infant) 181 ? Minor Disorders of a Newborn 183 ? Newborn Feeding 183 ? Fetal Death 185 14. Birth Asphyxia 187 ? Clearing of Fetal Lung Fluid 187 ? Preparation for Delivery and Resuscitation of the Baby 188 ? ‘Bag and Mask’ Ventilation 190 ? Chest Compressions 191 ? Endotracheal Intubation 192 ? Resuscitation of the Preterm Babies 193 15. Respiratory Distress Syndrome 195 ? Surfactant and Hyaline Membrane Formation 195 ? Pathophysiology 196 ? Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Distress Syndrome 196 ? Assessment of Lung Maturity 197 ? Therapeutic Management 197 ? Treatment 198 ? Management of Ventilation and Oxygenation 198 ? Surfactant Replacement Therapy 199 ? Nutritional Management 200 ? Prevention of RDS 200 ? Complications of RDS 200 ? Nursing Diagnosis of an Infant with Respiratory Distress Syndrome 201 ? Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn 201 16. Prematurity 202 ? Premature (Preterm) Infants 202 ? Prevention of Preterm Birth 203 ? Assessment of Immature Infants 204 ? Physiological Handicaps of Premature Infants 205 ? Nursing Care of a Premature Infant 208 ? Nursing Care of a Preterm Baby 211 17. Neonatal Sepsis 221 ? Etiology 221 ? Predisposing Factors 221 ? Classification of Neonatal Sepsis 222 ? Clinical Features 223 ? Investigations 224 ? Management 226 ? Nursing Management 228 ? Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis 230 18. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia 232 ? Causes of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia 234 ? Management of Hyperbilirubinemia 234 ? Phototherapy 235 ? Exchange Transfusion 237 ? Hydrops 238 19. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome 240 ? Meconium Passage 240 ? Pathophysiology 240 ? Clinical Features 241 ? Management 241 ? Nursing Diagnoses 242 20. Infants of Diabetic Mothers 243 ? Pathophysiology 243 ? Effect of Maternal Diabetes 243 ? Diagnostic Evaluation 246 ? Management 247 21. Neonatal Seizures 248 ? Etiology 248 ? Pathophysiology 249 ? Seizures in Neonates vs Older Children/Adults 250 ? Clinical Manifestations 250 ? Diagnosis 251 ? Management 251 ? Nursing Management 252 Prelims.indd 13 09-09-2014 17:22:14xiv Textbook of Pediatric Nursing 22. Necrotizing Enterocolitis 254 ? Pathology 254 ? Signs and Symptoms 254 ? Investigations 255 ? Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis 255 ? Complications of NEC 256 ? Prevention of NEC 256 23. Neonatal ICU 257 ? Physical Facilities 257 ? Personnel 259 ? Equipment 259 ? Miscellaneous Items 261 ? Neonatal Ventilators 261 ? Laboratory 261 ? Nidcap (Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program) 262 ? Humanized Care and Rhythmic Stimulation of Newborn Babies 262 24. Preventive Neonatology 264 ? Prenatal Care 264 ? Care of Mother During Pregnancy 264 ? High-risk Pregnancies 265 ? Identification of Genetic and Developmental Anomalies 265 ? Antenatal Diagnostic Measures 265 ? Commonly Used Sampling Procedures for Antenatal Diagnosis 266 Section 4: Systemic Disorders in Children 25. Nutritional Deficiencies in Children 271 ? Malnutrition 271 ? Protein-Energy Malnutrition [PEM] 271 ? Vitamin Deficiency 275 ? Deficiency of Macrominerals 278 26. Respiratory Disorders and Infections 280 ? Respiratory Sounds 280 ? Congenital Disorders 280 ? Respiratory Alterations 281 ? Infections of Lower Respiratory Tract 284 27. Gastrointestinal Disorders 298 ? Cleft Lip (CL) and Cleft Palate (CP) 298 ? Tracheoesophageal Fistula 301 ? Obstructive Disorders 304 ? Intestinal Obstruction 306 ? Duodenal and Jejunal Atresia 306 ? Intussusception 308 ? Malrotation and Volvulus 309 ? Hirschsprung’s Disease 310 ? Colostomy 313 ? Umbilical Hernia 315 ? Exomphalos (Amniocele, Omphalocele, Celosomia) 315 ? Gastroschisis 316 ? Inguinal Hernia 316 ? Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) 318 ? Anorectal Malformation 319 ? Malabsorption Syndrome 321 ? Celiac Disease (Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy) 322 ? Lactose Intolerance 322 ? Cystic Fibrosis 323 ? Diarrhea 324 ? Constipation 329 ? Appendicitis 330 ? Hepatic Alterations 331 ? Failure to Thrive (FTT) 336 28. Cardiovascular Disorders 339 ? Assessment 339 ? Diagnostic Evaluation 340 ? Fetal heart 342 ? Congenital Heart Diseases 344 ? Left to Right Shunts (Acyanotic) 344 ? Right to Left Shunts (Cyanotic) 351 ? Congestive Heart Failure 358 ? Infective Endocarditis (Bacterial endocarditis) 370 ? Acute Rheumatic Fever 372 ? Rheumatic Heart Disease 376 29. Hematological Disorders 377 ? Anemia 377 ? Bleeding Disorders 389 ? Leukemia 395 ? Lymphoma 403 ? Nursing Care of Patient on Chemotherapy 407 ? Nursing Care of Children Undergoing Radiation Therapy 411 30. Genitourinary Disorders 414 ? Common investigations in Renal Diseases 414 ? Congenital Abnormalities 415 ? Acquired Conditions of Urinary Tract 425 31. Neurological Infections and Disorders 444 ? Congenital Anomalies 444 ? Mental Retardation (Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities) 455 ? Cerebral Palsy (Cp) 460 ? Seizure Disorders in Children 465 ? Febrile Seizures 469 ? Increased Intracranial Pressure 473 ? Altered Level of Consciousness 474 ? Craniocerebral Trauma (Head Trauma, Head Injury) 480 ? Meningitis 482 ? Encephalitis 486 Prelims.indd 15 09-09-2014 17:22:14xvi Textbook of Pediatric Nursing ? Reye’s Syndrome 487 ? Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Gbs) 488 ? Myasthenia Gravis 489 ? Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions (ICSOL) 490 ? Brain Abscess 494 ? Neurocysticercosis 494 ? Nursing Care of a Child with Brain Tumor 494 32. Endocrine Disorders 500 ? Disorders of Pituitary Gland 500 ? Disorders of Thyroid Gland 503 ? Disorders of Adrenal Gland 507 ? Disorders of Pancreas (Hormone Secretion) 510 33. Orthopedic Disorders 521 ? Fracture 521 ? Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) 527 ? Congenital Clubfoot 529 34. Disorders of the Skin 531 ? Scabies 531 ? Impetigo 532 ? Fungal Infections 532 ? Acne Vulgaris 534 35. Communicable Diseases 535 ? Chickenpox (Varicella) 535 ? Measles (Rubeola) 537 ? German Measles (Rubella) 538 ? Diphtheria 538 ? Pertussis 539 ? Tetanus 540 ? Mumps 541 ? Poliomyelitis 542 ? Tuberculosis 544 ? Worm Infections (Helminthiasis) 546 36. Child Health Emergencies 551 ? Poisoning 551 ? Foreign Bodies 557 ? Burns 558 ? Drowning 569 ? Shock 571 37. HIV/AIDS in Children (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) 576 ? Mode of Transmission 576 ? Pathophysiology 576 ? Classification and Clinical Manifestations of HIV 577 ? Diagnostic Evaluation 577 ? Treatment 577 ? Prevention 578 ? Prevention of Vertical Transmission from Mother to Child 578 ? Nursing Care 578 38. Disorders of Ear and Eyes 580 Disorders of Ear 580 ? Otitis Media 580 ? Hearing Impairment 581 Disorders of the Eye 585 ? Impairment of Visual Acuity 585 ? Impaired Muscular Efficiency 586 ? Strabismus (Squint) 586 ? Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) 587 ? Altered Physical Integrity 588 ? Infections of Eye 590 ? Blindness 591 ? Eye Trauma 593 ? Retinoblastoma 594 Section 5: Behavioral and Social Problems 39. Behavioral and Social Problems in Children and Adolescents 599 ? Behavioral Disorders in Children 599 ? Behavioral Problems of Childhood 600 ? Behavioral Disorders in Adolescents 604 ? Management of Mentally Challenged Children 605 ? Welfare Services for Challenged Children in India 607 Section 6: Genetic Disorders 40. Genetic Disorders in Children 613 ? Terms Used in Genetics 613 ? Pattern of Inheritance 614 ? Classification of Genetic Disorders 614 ? Common Chromosomal Disorders 618 ? Sex Chromosomal Anomalies 622 ? Prenatal Screening 623 ? Gene Therapy 624 Section 7: Administration of Medications to Children 41. Administration of Medications to Children 629 ? Safety Rules for the Administration of Drugs 629 ? Medication History 630 ? Calculation of Drug Dosage 630 ? Administration of Oral Medications 630 ? Rectal Administration 631 ? Administration of Eye, Ear and Nose Drops 631 ? Intramuscular Medications 632 ? Subcutaneous Injections 633 ? Intravenous Injections 633 Section 8: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness 42. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness 637 ? Aims 637 ? IMNCI Guidelines 637 ? Color Code Case Management Strategy 638 ? IMNCI Case Management Process—6 Steps 638 Appendices 641 ? Appendix I: Pediatric Doses of Common Drugs 641 ? Appendix II: Maturational Assessment of Gestational Age (New Ballard Score) 643 ? Appendix III: Neonatal Resuscitation 646 ? Appendix IV: Growth and Development Assessment Format for Newborn 647 ? Appendix V: Growth and Development Assessment Format for Infant 650 ? Appendix VI: Growth and Development Assessment Format for Toddler 653 ? Appendix VII: Growth and Development Assessment Format for Preschooler 656 ? Appendix VIII: Growth and Development Assessment Format for Schooler 659 ? Appendix IX: Physical Examination Format 662 Index 667


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9789351525660
  • Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Height: 241 mm
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 580 gr
  • ISBN-10: 935152566X
  • Publisher Date: 17 May 2015
  • Edition: 1
  • No of Pages: 716
  • Spine Width: mm
  • Width: 171 mm


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