About the Book
?A large part of this book has been updated and revised in this new edition.
?Divided into 20 sections and 201 chapters.
?Covers all aspects of perinatal biology, physiology, screening, diagnosis, management and ethics.
?Aims at raising the standards of care of maternal, fetal and neonatal patients.
?Well illustrated book with over 1000 illustrations.
?Published under the auspices of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine.
?Contributions from 380 specialists. About the Author
Asim Kurjak MD
Frank A Chervenak MD
Table of Contents:
CONTENTS Volume 1 Section 1: Neonatology M Levene, MRG Carrapato 1. Transition at Birth-------------- 3 OD Saugstad 2. Neonatal Jundice------------- 17 F Rubaltelli, C Dani 3. Management of Hypotension in the Neonatal Period---------------- 24 SJ English 4. Cytokines and Neonatal Disease ---------------- 29 L Cornette, H Logghe 5. Neonatal Sepsis ----------------- 36 A Papageorgiou, E Pelausa, L Kovacs 6. Advances in Neonatal Ventilation------------- 46 SM Donn, SK Sinha 7. Clinical Care of the Very Preterm Infant------------- 54 L Hellström-Westas, LJ Bjorklund, M Lindroth 8. Can We Establish a Universal Lower Limit of Viability?----------------------------------- 65 MRG Carrapato 9. The Offspring of Maternal Diabetes ----------------------- 72 MRG Carrapato, S Tavares, C Prior 10. Neonatal Seizures---------------------- 81 A Beke, Z Papp 11. Oxygen Toxicity ----------------- 98 R Bracci 12. Pathology of the Neonate ----------------------------------------------------------------111 B Hargitai, T Marton, Z Papp 13. Medical Management of Newborn with Severe Malformations—Ethical Aspects --------------------------------------123 M Stanojevic Section 2: Ethical and Legal Dimensions FA Chervenak, LB McCullough 14. Ethics: An Essential Dimension of Perinatal Medicine---------------------------------------------------------------------------133 FA Chervenak, LB McCullough 15. Ethical Committees------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------142 JG Schenker 16. Education in Perinatal Ethics -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------148 GM Stirrat xviii Textbook of Perinatal Medicine 17. Words Matter: Nomenclature and Communication in Perinatal Medicine ------------------------------------------------158 L de Crespigny 18. The Beginning of Human Life—Scientific and Religious Controversies----------------------------------------------------163 A Kurjak, JM Carrera 19. Preimplantation Diagnosis--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------177 LJ Nelson 20. Genetic Counseling------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------186 A Csaba, Z Papp 21. Selective Reduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------195 MI Evans, DW Britt, D Ciorica 22. Neonatal Ethics -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 KNS Subramanian 23. Medicolegal Aspects of Perinatal Medicine: European Perspective---------------------------------------------------------209 J Walker 24. Malpractice Issues in Perinatal Medicine: The United States Perspective -------------------------------------------------215 BS Schifrin, MR Lebed, J McCauley Section 3: Evidence-based Medicine and Epidemiology Z Alfirevic, L Cabero-Roura 25. Epidemiology in Perinatal Medicine -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------239 LS Bakketeig 26. Structure of Perinatal Care Systems --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 GA Little 27. Perinatal Quality Indicators and Perinatal Audit ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------248 G Lindmark, J Langhoff-Roos 28. Audit in Perinatal Medicine -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------254 JM Thomas, S Paranjothy 29. Systematic Reviews in Perinatal Medicine------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------259 Z Alfirevic 30. Cost-benefit in Perinatal Medicine----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------261 Z Stembera Section 4: Ultrasound A Kurjak, Y Ville 31. 3D-4D Ultrasound Evaluation of the Embryo and the Early Fetus -----------------------------------------------------------269 F Bonilla-Musoles, LE Machado, F Raga 32. Malformations of the Gastrointestinal System------------------------------------------------------------------------------------295 V D’Addario, L Di Cagno 33. Ultrasound Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Anomalies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------302 P Prats, N Maiz, A Rodriguez 34. Fetal Echocardiography------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------325 C Mortera, JM Carrera 35. Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Prenatal Medicine ---------------------------------------------------------------------------338 E Merz 36. Ultrasound-guided Fetal Invasive Procedures: Current Status ---------------------------------------------------------------345 JM Troyano, M Alvarez de la Rosa, I Martinez-Wallin 37. The Role of Ultrasound Examination of the Cervix in Pregnancy ------------------------------------------------------------355 P Rozenberg, Y Ville Contents xix 38. Labor and Puerperium -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------361 A Mulic-Lutvica, O Axelsson 39. Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Obstetrics-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------376 B Breyer, A Kurjak, K Maeda 40. Behavioral Perinatology Asessed by Four-dimensional Sonography ------------------------------------------------------384 A Kurjak, U Honemeyer, P Antsaklis 41. Fetal Central Nervous System ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------414 RK Pooh, K Pooh 42. Ultrasound of the Fetal Thorax---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------442 A Khurana 43. Three-dimensional Ultrasound of Blood Flow in the Fetal Cardiovascular System-------------------------------------452 R Chaoui 44. Specific Aspects of Ultrasound Examination in Twin Pregnancies-----------------------------------------------------------460 E Quarello, Y Ville 45. Echocardiography in Early Pregnancy: A New Challenge in Prenatal Diagnosis ----------------------------------------466 C Comas, JM Martinez, A Galindo 46. Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Cytomegalovirus Infection ------------------------------------------------------------------------482 Y Ville, O Picone, G Makridemas 47. Fetal Hydrops -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------492 T Marton, PM Cox Section 5: Doppler Ultrasound S Weiner, AK Ertan 48. 3D/4D Color and Power Doppler in Obstetrics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------499 G Bega, S Weiner 49. Noninvasive Detection of Fetal Anemia by Doppler Ultrasonography-----------------------------------------------------507 L Pereira 50. Doppler Ultrasound Studies in the Fetal Pulmonary Circulation ------------------------------------------------------------513 DC Wood Jr, JP Räsänen 51. Uteroplacental and Umbilical Circulation: Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy------------------------------------------527 AK Ertan, HA Tanriverdi, W Schmidt 52. Doppler Sonography in High-risk Pregnancy--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------535 AK Ertan, HA Tanriverdi, W Schmidt 53. Effect of Exercise on Fetoplacental Doppler Flow--------------------------------------------------------------------------------546 HA Tanriverdi, AK Ertan, W Schmidt 54. Doppler Velocimetry in Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Practical Clinical Approach------------------------------553 GP Mandruzzato, YJ Meir, G Maso 55. Doppler Evaluation of Fetal Venous System ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------556 G Maso, G Conoscenti, GP Mandruzzato Section 6: Basic Science H Nakano, Y Murata 56. Immunological Basic Aspects during Pregnancy Implantation --------------------------------------------------------------569 S Saito 57. Placenta and Trophoblasts: Endocrinological Aspect---------------------------------------------------------------------------573 N Sagawa xx Textbook of Perinatal Medicine 58. Regulation of Extravillous Trophoblast Differentiation ------------------------------------------------------------------------580 K Fukushima, K Tsukimori, H Nakano 59. Trophoblast Dysfunction and Maternal Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia ---586 K Tsukimori, K Fukushima, H Nakano 60. Basic Aspects of Trophoblastic Disease----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------595 N Wake, K Asanoma, T Matsuda 61. The Placenta---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------601 K Benirschke 62. Clinically Significant Pathology of the Placenta ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------613 B Hargitai, T Marton Section 7: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy W Holzgreve, M Evans 63. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Maternal Blood --------------------------------------------------------------------------------623 O Lapaire, B Zimmermann, X Yan Zhong 64. Multiple Gestations: Pregnancy Evaluation by Ultrasonography------------------------------------------------------------628 S Tercanli, DV Surbek, R Zanetti-Dallenbach 65. Chromosomal Abnormality Screening-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------639 MI Evans, JN Macri, R Snijders 66. Amniocentesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------646 S Tercanli, P Miny, W Holzgreve 67. Cordocentesis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------649 CP Weiner 68. Perinatal Rh Hemolytic Disease and Other Alloimmunizations: Screening and Treatment --------------------------655 LS Voto 69. Preinatal Therapy of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders----------------------------------------------------------------------663 G Rosner, SB Shachar, Y Yaron 70. Fetal Surgical Interventions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------671 MR Harrison, MI Evans Section 8: Screening and Risk Assessment G Monni, S Chasen 71. First Trimester Ultrasound Screening for Fetal Malformations ---------------------------------------------------------------679 ST Chasen 72. Fetal Nasal Bone in Screening for Down’s Syndrome----------------------------------------------------------------------------683 S Cicero, JD Sonek, G Rembouskos 73. Second Trimester Ultrasound Screening of Fetal Anomalies------------------------------------------------------------------694 L Yeo, AM Vintzileos 74. First Trimester Maternal Serum Markers of Fetal Anomalies------------------------------------------------------------------706 DA Krantz, TW Hallahan, JN Macri 75. Influence of Ethnicity on Prenatal Screening --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------715 F Sethna, B Thilaganathan 76. Ultrasound Screening of Congenital Heart Defects------------------------------------------------------------------------------723 R Chaoui 77. Ultrasound Screening of Chromosomal Abnormalities by Nuchal Translucency----------------------------------------731 MA Zoppi, G Monnia Contents xxi 78. First Trimester Ultrasound Screening for Down’s Syndrome in Multiple Gestations -----------------------------------740 G Monni, MA Zoppi Section 9: Fetal and Maternal Physiology B Arabin, DW Skupski 79. Maternal Hemodynamic Changes in Pregnancy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------749 J Nizard 80. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------753 T Podymow, P August, D Skupski 81. Physiological Changes of the Uterine Cervix in Pregnancy and Delivery--------------------------------------------------760 VNA Breeveld-Dwarkasing, FK Lotgering 82. Physiology of Maternal Sleep in Pregnancy----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------770 K Biedermann, R Huch 83. Immunology at the Maternal-Fetal Interface --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------780 S Scherjon, F Class 84. Fetal Behavior-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------788 JG Nijhuis 85. Fetal and Neonatal Hearing-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------794 B Arabin, HLM van Straaten 86. Fetal Responses to Placental Insufficiency -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------810 ML Kush, AA Baschat Section 10: Nutrition and Metabolism PD Gluckman, HN Winn 87. The Role of Essential Fatty Acids and Antioxidants in Neurovascular Development and Complications of Prematurity---------------------------------------------------------------------------------829 K Ghebremeskel, Y Min, B Thomas 88. Maternal Inherited Metabolic Disease-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------837 R Floyd, F Cockburn, BJ Clark 89. Fetal and Neonatal Nutrition—Lipid and Carbohydrate Requirements and Adaptations to Altered Supply at Birth----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------843 H Budge, ME Symonds Section 11: Early Pregnancy LT Merce, S Kupesic 90. Contributions of 3D Ultrasonography to the Study of Embryonic Development ---------------------------------------855 RM Sabatel López, L Martinez-Cortes, JC Prados Salazar 91. 2D and 3D Power Doppler Ultrasound from Ovulation to Implantation---------------------------------------------------861 LT Merce, MJ Barco, S Kupesic 92. Implantation and Yolk Sac---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------871 S Kupesic, A Kurjak 93. First Trimester Ultrasound---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------883 N Montenegro, A Matias 94. Hemodynamic Assessment of Early Pregnancy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------890 LT Merce, MJ Barco, S Kupesic xxii Textbook of Perinatal Medicine 95. Ultrasonographic Signs of Miscarriage----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------899 JM Bajo Arenas, T Perez-Medina 96. 2D and 3D Doppler Assessment of Abnormal Early Intrauterine Pregnancy ---------------------------------------------910 JL Alcazar, LT Merce, M Garcia-Manero 97. Ultrasonography of Ectopic Pregnancy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------916 S Iniesta, F Salazar, JM Bajo Volume 2 Section 12: Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy K Nicolaides, A Antsaklis 98. Chorionic Villus Sampling ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------931 B Brambati, L Tului 99. Amniocentesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------940 A Tabor 100. Cordocentesis: Indications --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------947 F Daffos 101. Fetal Pharmacological Therapy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------951 MI Evans, Y Yaron, P Lewis 102 Management of the Red Cell Isoimmunized Pregnancies----------------------------------------------------------------------957 KH Nicolaides, NJ Sebire 103. Management of Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia -----------------------------------------------------964 MF Murphy 104. Severe Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Diagnosis and Endoscopic Laser Coagulation ------------------------970 NJ Sebire, J Hyett, KH Nicolaides 105. Fetal Stem-Cell and Gene Therapy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------974 Y Yaron, AW Flake, MP Johnson 106. Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------983 S Maheshwari, JA Copel, CS Kleinman 107. Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy: Animal Studies---------------------------------------------------------------------------------993 JL Graf, MR Harrison 108. Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood: Diagnostic and Clinical Aspects ---------------------------------------------------------------998 W Holzgreve, R Zanetti-Dallenbach, C De Geyter 109. Ultrasonographic Soft Markers for Chromosomal Abnormalities ---------------------------------------------------------1004 A Antsaklis 110. Fetal Anatomy in the First Trimester of Pregnancy-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1013 A Antsaklis, A Souka Section 13: Intrauterine Growth JM Carrera, GP Mandruzzato 111. Fetal Growth Characteristics----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1029 JM Carrera, B Serra, R Devesa 112. Regulating Factors ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1032 JM Carrera, B Serra, E Scazzochio Contents xxiii 113. Dynamics of Fetal Growth ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1042 JM Carrera, F Figueras, B Serra 114. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Concept and Epidemiology --------------------------------------------------------------1050 E Fabre, R Gozález de Agüero, JL de Agustin 115. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction ------------------------------------------------------------1058 JM Carrera, B Serra, J Mallafre 116. Classification of Intrauterine Growth Restriction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1079 JM Carrera, B Serra, P Prats 117. Natural History of Fetal Compromise in Intrauterine Growth Retardation ---------------------------------------------1087 JM Carrera, C Comas, M Torrents 118. Management of Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetuses: Antenatal and Intrapartum Strategies ---------------------1102 JM Carrera, F Figueras, R Devesa 119. Growth-restricted Newborns: Characteristics and Management ---------------------------------------------------------1118 R Baraibar, L Sánchez 120. Macrosomia: Concept and Epidemiology ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1130 E Fabre, R Gonzalez de Aguero, JL De Augustin 121. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Fetal Macrosomia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1135 F Carmona, V Cararach 122. Macrosomia: Obstetric Management ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1144 B Serra, JM Carrera, J Mallafre 123. Macrosomia: Neonatal Aspects ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1146 E Doménech, N Marta Díaz-Gómez Section 14: Preterm Delivery GC di Renzo, R Romero 124. Mechanisms of the Initiation of Human Parturition ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1159 LF Gonçalves, R Romero, JP Kusanovic 125. Mechanisms of Preterm Labor and Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes --------------------------------1173 R Romero, LF Gonçalves, T Chaiworapongsa 126. Management of Preterm Labor: Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Aspects -----------------------------1187 GC di Renzo, A Cutuli, L Liotta 127. Efficient and Simple Program Including Community-based Activities for Prevention of Very Early Premature Birth ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1193 E Saling, J Lüthje, M Schreiber 128. Operative Early Total Cervix Occlusion for Prevention of Late Abortion and Early Prematurity------------------1201 E Saling, M Schreiber, J Lüthje 129. Assessment of Risk for Preterm Birth in Asymptomatic Patients and Those with Preterm Labor ----------------1205 J Espinoza, R Romero, LF Gonçalves 130. Prevention of Fetal and Neonatal Lung Immaturity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1217 MM Anceschi, L Maranghi, EV Cosmi 131. Route of Delivering and Monitoring of the Preterm Fetus ------------------------------------------------------------------1228 R Luzietti, GC di Renzo 132. Resuscitation of Newborn Infants --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1233 OD Saugstad xxiv Textbook of Perinatal Medicine Section 15: Fetal Monitoring K Maeda, HP van Geijn 133. Intrapartum Fetal Asphyxia: Prediction and Diagnosis ----------------------------------------------------------------------1245 JA Low 134. Cardiotocography -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1253 HP van Geijn 135. Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1257 T Ikeda, H Sameshima, M Kaneko 136. Quantitative Fetal Heart Rate Evaluation without Pattern Classification: FHR Score and Artificial Neural Network Analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1265 K Maeda, Y Noguchi, F Matumoto 137. The Fetal Electrocardiogram ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1272 WJ van Wijngaarden 138. Fetal Magnetocardiography and Fetal Magnetoencephalography -------------------------------------------------------1286 T Hosono, Y Chiba 139. Fetal Pulse Oximetry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1292 PP van den Berg, HW Jongsma 140. Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring: Objective and Subjective Assessment of the Main Methods ---------------------1300 E Saling, S Schmidt Section 16: Multiple Pregnancy and Delivery JW Dudenhausen, I Blickstein 141. The Epidemiology of Multiple Births ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1307 R Derom, J Orlebeke, A Eriksson 142. Monozygosity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1321 I Blickstein 143. Population-based Risk of Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity among Multiple Births -------------------------------1328 MSl Wingate, GR Alexander, S Boulet 144. Prevention of Preterm Births in Single and Multiple Pregnancies --------------------------------------------------------1336 E Papiernik 145. The Vanishing Fetus in Multiple Pregnancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1351 HJ Landy, LG Keith 146. Sonographic Evaluation of Multiple Pregnancies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1356 A Matias, N Montenegro, I Blickstein 147. Genetic Diagnosis in Multiple Pregnancies --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1368 Z Appelman, B Furman 148. Intrauterine Behavior of Multiples -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1375 B Arabin, J van Eyck 149. Invasive Antenatal Interventions in Complicated Multiple Pregnancies ------------------------------------------------1396 L Lewi, E Gratacos, J Deprest 150. Route of Delivery ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1408 JW Dudenhausen, JAS Dimer 151. Delayed Interval Delivery in Multiple Pregnancy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1412 J van Eyck, B Arabin, RA van Lingen 152. Cerebral Palsy in Multiple Pregnancy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1425 POD Pharoah Contents xxv Section 17: Infectious Disease JG Schenker, C Sen 153. Infectious Disease in Pregnancy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1435 JG Schenker 154. Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women, with Special Reference to Pregnancy ------------------------------------1437 M Dan 155. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS in Pregnancy and Delivery -------------------------------------------------------1464 K Olshtain-Pops, S Maayan 156. Pneumonia in Pregnancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1469 D Miron, R Raz 157. Prevention of Infection in Cesarean Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1473 A Drazancic 158. Septicemia and Septic Shock --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1478 SJ Fasouloitis, JG Schenker 159. Gastrointestinal Infections in Pregnancy and Neonates ---------------------------------------------------------------------1484 I Krause, S Ashkenazi 160. Central Nervous System Infections in Pregnancy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1494 E Rubinstein, B Rubinovitch 161. Anaerobic Infections in Pregnancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1502 Y Schlesinger 162. Malaria in Pregnancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1506 I Kassis, M Giladi, M Efrat 163. Toxoplasmosis: Pregnancy, Delivery, and the Effect on the Fetus and the Newborn --------------------------------1512 DT Spira 164. Fungal Infections Presenting Particular Features during Pregnancy ----------------------------------------------------1515 M Dan 165. Mumps in Pregnancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1523 A Morag 166. Measles in Pregnancy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1526 A Morag 167. Antimicrobial Drugs in Obstetrics and Gynecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1528 M Shapiro 168. Preterm Delivery and Infections ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1542 Y Baytur, C Sen 169. Perinatal Infectious Morbidity in Multiple Pregnancies ----------------------------------------------------------------------1549 I Blickstein, EL Yashphe Section 18: Labor and Delivery WR Cohen, D Weinstein 170. The Assessment of Labor --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1557 WR Cohen, EA Friedman 171. Induction of Labor ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1565 IZ MacKenzie, K Duckitt 172. Electronic Fetal Monitoring ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1579 BS Schifrin, S Myers, WR Cohen 173. Pain Relief during Labor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1597 DJ Birnbach, EM Davidson xxvi Textbook of Perinatal Medicine 174. Instrumental Delivery ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1616 H Hopp, P Husslein 175. Cesarean Delivery -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1625 M Pajntar 176. Transverse Lie, Brow and Face Presentations -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1635 Z Novak-Antolic 177. Breech Presentation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1640 M Foley, M Alarab 178. Shoulder Dystocia -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1648 F Goffinet, D Cabrol 179. Third Stage of Labor and Puerperium ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1655 G Sylvestre, YS Thornton 180. Postpartum Hemorrhage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1663 J Herczeg 181. Resuscitation and Immediate Care of the Newborn ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1672 J Babnik 182. Childbirth and the Pelvic Floor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1691 WR Cohen, R Romero 183. Effects of Labor and Delivery on the Fetus ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1700 EA Friedman 184. Maternal Stress and Labor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1707 KM Paarlberg, AJJM Vingerhoets, HP van Geijn 185. Intrapartum Decision Making: A Computational Approach-----------------------------------------------------------------1715 JE Deaver Section 19: Maternal Disease A Grunebaum, LS Voto 186. Periconception Care --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1729 A Grunebaum 187. Maternal Issues in Thrombosis and Thrombophilia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1738 BE Grand, LS Voto 188. Hypertension in Pregnancy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1744 LS Voto, J Orti 189. Diabetes and Pregnancy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1757 FA van Assche 190. Disorders of the Respiratory System in Pregnancy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------1763 C Nelson-Piercy, J Moore-Gillon 191. Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1771 DJ Williams, M de Swiet 192. Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System in Pregnancy ---------------------------------------------------------------------1785 C Gordon 193. Thyroid Function in Pregnancy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1793 C Paul 194. Management of Severe Preeclampsia and Eclampsia -------------------------------------------------------------------------1803 C Sen Contents xxvii Section 20: The Challenge Facing Developing Countries JJ Sciarra, A Adra 195. Maternal Mortality in Developing Countries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1811 JA Fortney, JB Smith, PE Bailey 19
