Transport Properties of Concrete covers how to measure the ability of ions and fluids to move through concrete material, and how to use the results to model performance. These transport properties largely determine the durability of concrete and of steel embedded within it, as well as the effectiveness of structures such as landfill containment barriers. The book begins by explaining in detail what transport properties are and how to write computer models for transport processes. Early chapters present and explain computer models written in basic code. Coverage then proceeds to a wide range of tests for the transport properties of concrete, and methods for calculating the values for these properties from the test results using analytical and numerical models. The final chapters then show how the values obtained can be used to predict the durability of reinforced concrete, to model the effect of gas pressure, and to model waste containment structures. A number of practical examples are given, in which the calculations and computer models have been applied to real experimental data. Transport Properties of Concrete provides a comprehensive examination of the subject, and will be of use to all concerned with the durability and effectiveness of concrete structures.

Table of Contents:
Author contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering Introduction The fundamental equations Computer codes Structure of this book Experimental data Summary of contents References Acknowledgements 1. The transport properties of concrete and the equations that describe them Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The transport processes 1.3 Processes which increase or reduce the transport 1.4 Conclusions 1.5 References 2. Computer models to predict the transport processes in concrete Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Expressing the basic equations as computer code 2.3 Other elements of the code 2.4 Example: calculations for a waste containment barrier 2.5 Conclusions 2.6 Reference 3. Surface tests to determine transport properties of concrete – I: the tests Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The initial surface absorption test (ISAT) 3.3 The Figg air permeation index 3.4 Other tests 3.5 Vacuum preconditioning: a development of the ISAT test 3.6 Vacuum preconditioning for other tests 3.7 Conclusions 3.7 References 4. Surface tests to determine transport properties of concrete – II: analytical models to calculate permeability Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Additional tests 4.3 Modelling of the absorption tests 4.4 Experimental testing for absorption 4.5 Tests using a vacuum to measure air flow 4.6 The choice of test for practical applications 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 References 5. Surface tests to determine transport properties of concrete – III: measuring gas permeability Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical analysis 5.3 Investigation of methods for sealing the drilled holes 5.4 Determination of pressure decay profile 5.5 Comparison of in situ test methods 5.6 Conclusions 5.7 References 6. Measurements of gas migration in concrete Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental method 6.3 Analysis of experimental data 6.4 Results for gas permeability of concrete 6.5 Comparison with gas permeability of grouts 6.6 The effect of interfaces on gas permeability 6.7 Discussion 6.8 Conclusions 6.9 Reference 7. Water vapour and liquid permeability measurements in concrete Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental methods 7.3 Methods of analysis of results 7.4 Results and discussion 7.5 Conclusions 7.6 References 8. Measurement of porosity as a predictor of the transport properties of concrete Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Sample preparation and testing programme 8.3 Tests for porosity 8.4 Tests for properties controlled by transport 8.5 Oxygen transport 8.6 Vapour transport 8.7 Results and discussion 8.8 Conclusions 8.9 References 9. Factors affecting the measurement of the permeability of concrete Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experimental programme 9.3 Results 9.4 Discussion 9.5 Conclusions 9.6 References 10. Electrical tests to analyse the transport properties of concrete – I: modelling diffusion and electromigration Abstract 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The ASTM C1202 test and the salt bridge 10.3 The physical processes 10.4 Analytical solutions 10.5 The computer model 10.6 Initial experimental validation 10.7 Full model validation 10.8 Conclusions 10.9 References 11. Electrical tests to analyse the transport properties of concrete – II: using a neural network model to derive diffusion coefficients Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Experimental method 11.3 Neural network optimisation model 11.4 Results and discussion 11.5 Conclusions 11.6 References 12. Electrical tests to analyse the fundamental transport properties of concrete – III: modelling tests without applied voltages Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Test methods 12.3 The analytical solution 12.4 Computer modelling – theoretical background 12.5 Experimental programme 12.6 Results and discussion 12.7 Conclusions 12.8 References 13. Applications using measured values of the transport properties of concrete I: predicting the durability of reinforced concrete Abstract 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Controlling parameters for concrete durability 13.3 Measuring corrosion of reinforcement 13.4 Correlating transport measurements with corrosion 13.5 Predictive models for corrosion 13.6 Conclusions 13.7 References 14. Applications using measured values of the transport properties of concrete II: modelling the effect of gas pressure Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Background: mechanisms of gas migration 14.3 The effects of stress generation in cementitious materials 14.4 Sensitivity to material properties and conditions 14.5 Behaviour in a repository 14.6 Conclusions 14.7 References 15. Applications using measured values of the transport properties of concrete – III: predicting the transport of liquids through concrete barriers for waste containment Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The computer model 15.3 Laboratory testing 15.4 Site trials 15.5 Reducing transport in cracked concrete 15.6 Conclusions 15.7 References Conclusions, recommendations and guidance for measuring transport properties of concrete The state of the art Recommendations and guidance Appendix 1: List of papers for the experimental data and derivations Appendix 2: Notation and abbreviations Notation Abbreviations Index