Book + Content Update Program Ubuntu Unleashed 2017 Edition is filled with unique and advanced information for everyone who wants to make the most of the Ubuntu Linux operating system. This new edition has been thoroughly updated by a long-time Ubuntu community leader to reflect the exciting new Ubuntu 16.04 LTS release with forthcoming online updates for 16.10, 17.04, and 17.10 when they are released. Former Ubuntu Forum administrator Matthew Helmke covers all you need to know about Ubuntu 16.04 installation, configuration, productivity, multimedia, development, system administration, server operations, networking, virtualization, security, DevOps, and more—including intermediate-to-advanced techniques you won’t find in any other book. Helmke presents up-to-the-minute introductions to Ubuntu’s key productivity and Web development tools, programming languages, hardware support, and more. You’ll find new or improved coverage of navigation via Unity Dash, wireless networking, VPNs, software repositories, new NoSQL database options, virtualization and cloud services, new programming languages and development tools, monitoring, troubleshooting, and more. Configure and customize the Unity desktop Get started with multimedia and productivity applications, including LibreOffice Manage Linux services, users, and software packages Administer and run Ubuntu from the command line Automate tasks and use shell scripting Provide secure remote access and configure a secure VPN Manage kernels and modules Administer file, print, email, proxy, LDAP, DNS, and HTTP servers (Apache, Nginx, or alternatives) Learn about new options for managing large numbers of servers Work with databases (both SQL and the newest NoSQL alternatives) Get started with virtualization Build a private cloud with Juju and Charms Learn the basics about popular programming languages including Python, PHP, Perl, and new alternatives such as Go and Rust Learn about Ubuntu’s work toward usability on touchscreen and phone devices In addition, this book is part of InformIT’s exciting Content Update Program, which provides content updates for major technology improvements! As significant updates are made to Docker and Azure, sections of this book will be updated or new sections will be added to match the updates to the technologies. As updates become available, they will be delivered to you via a free Web Edition of this book, which can be accessed with any Internet connection. To learn more, visit informit.com/cup. How to access the Web Edition: Follow the instructions inside to learn how to register your book to access the FREE Web Edition.

Table of Contents:
Introduction   xxxiii Licensing   xxxiv Who This Book Is For   xxxv    Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users   xxxv    Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps   xxxvi What This Book Contains   xxxvii Conventions Used in This Book   xxxviii PART I:  GETTING STARTED Chapter 1  Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration   1 Before You Begin the Installation   1    Researching Your Hardware Specifications   2    Installation Options   2    32-Bit vs 64-Bit Ubuntu   4    Planning Partition Strategies   5    The Boot Loader   5    Installing from DVD or USB Drive   6 Step-by-Step Installation   6    Installing   7    First Update   13 Shutting Down   13 Finding Programs and Files   14 Software Updater   15 The sudo Command   18 Configuring Software Repositories   19 System Settings   21    Detecting and Configuring a Printer   22    Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu   22 Setting the Time and Date   23 Configuring Wireless Networks   24 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems   26 References   27 Chapter 2  Background Information and Resources   29 What Is Linux?   29 Why Use Linux?   31 What Is Ubuntu?   33 Ubuntu for Business   33 Ubuntu in Your Home   35 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation   35 Ubuntu Developers and Documentation   36 Websites and Search Engines   37    Web Search Tips   37    Google Is Your Friend   37    Ubuntu Package Listings   38    Commercial Support   38    Documentation   39 Linux Guides   39    Ubuntu   40 Mailing Lists   40    Ubuntu Project Mailing Lists   41 Internet Relay Chat   42 PART II:  DESKTOP UBUNTU Chapter 3  Working with Unity   43 Foundations and the X Server   43    Basic X Concepts   44    Using X   45    Elements of the xorg.conf File   46    Starting X   51    Using a Display Manager   51    Changing Window Managers   52 Using Unity, a Primer   52    The Desktop   53    Customizing and Configuring Unity   58 Power Shortcuts   60 References   61 Chapter 4  On the Internet   63 Getting Started with Firefox   63 Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium65 Choosing an Email Client   66    Mozilla Thunderbird   66    Evolution   67    Other Mail Clients   68 RSS Readers   69    Firefox   69    Liferea   69 Internet Relay Chat   70 Usenet Newsgroups   72 References   74 Chapter 5  Productivity Applications   75 Introducing LibreOffice   76 Other Office Suites for Ubuntu   78    Working with GNOME Office   78    Working with KOffice   80 Other Useful Productivity Software   80    Working with PDF   80    Working with XML and DocBook   81    Working with LaTeX   82 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows   83 References   83 Chapter 6  Multimedia Applications   85 Sound and Music   85    Sound Cards   86    Adjusting Volume   87    Sound Formats   88    Listening to Music   89 Graphics Manipulation   92    The GNU Image Manipulation Program   93    Using Scanners in Ubuntu   94    Working with Graphics Formats   95    Capturing Screen Images   97    Other Graphics Manipulation Options   97 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu   98    Handheld Digital Cameras   98    Using Shotwell Photo Manager   98 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu   99    Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero   99    Creating CDs from the Command Line   100    Creating DVDs from the Command Line   102 Viewing Video   104    TV and Video Hardware   104    Video Formats   105    Viewing Video in Linux   106    Personal Video Recorders   107    Video Editing   107 References   109 Chapter 7  Other Ubuntu Interfaces   111 Desktop Environment   112 KDE and Kubuntu   113 Xfce and Xubuntu   114    LXDE and Lubuntu   115 GNOME3 and Ubuntu GNOME   116 MATE and Ubuntu MATE   117 Ubuntu Kylin   118 References   118 Chapter 8  Games   121 Ubuntu Gaming   121 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers   122 Steam   123 Installing Games in Ubuntu   123    Warsow   124    Scorched 3D   124    Frozen Bubble   125    SuperTux   126    Battle for Wesnoth   126    Frets on Fire   127    FlightGear   128    Speed Dreams   129    Games for Kids   129    Commercial Games   129 Playing Windows Games   130 References   130 PART III:  SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION Chapter 9  Managing Software   133 Ubuntu Software   133 Using Synaptic for Software Management   134 Staying Up-to-Date   137 Working on the Command Line   138    Day-to-Day Usage   138    Finding Software   141    Using apt Instead of apt-get   142 Compiling Software from Source   143    Compiling from a Tarball   143    Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories   144 Configuration Management   145    dotdee   145 Snappy Ubuntu Core   146 Using Snaps   146 References   147 Chapter 10  Command-Line Beginner’s Class   149 What Is the Command Line?   150 Accessing the Command Line   151    Text-Based Console Login   152    Logging Out   153    Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer   153 User Accounts   154 Reading Documentation   155    Using Man Pages   156    Using apropros   156    Using whereis   157 Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy   157    Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin   158    Configuration Files in /etc   159    User Directories: /home   159    Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel   160    Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory   161    Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory   162    Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory   162 Navigating the Linux File System   162    Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls   162    Changing Directories with cd   164    Finding Your Current Directory with pwd   165 Working with Permissions   165    Assigning Permissions   166    Directory Permissions   167    Altering File Permissions with chmod   168    File Permissions with umask   169    File Permissions with chgrp   170    Changing File Permissions with chown   170    Understanding Set User ID, Set Group ID, and Sticky Bit Permissions   170    Setting Permissions with Access Control Lists   171 Working with Files   173    Creating a File with touch   173    Creating a Directory with mkdir   173    Deleting a Directory with rmdir   174    Deleting a File or Directory with rm   175    Moving or Renaming a File with mv   175    Copying a File with cp   176    Displaying the Contents of a File with cat   177    Displaying the Contents of a File with less   177    Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions   177 Working as Root   178    Understanding and Fixing sudo   178    Creating Users   181    Deleting Users   182    Shutting Down the System   182    Rebooting the System   183 Commonly Used Commands and Programs   183 References   184 Chapter 11  Command-Line Master Class Part 1    185 Why Use the Command Line?   186 Using Basic Commands   187    Printing the Contents of a File with cat   188    Changing Directories with cd   189    Changing File Access Permissions with chmod   191    Copying Files with cp   191    Printing Disk Usage with du   192    Using echo   193    Finding Files by Searching with find   193    Searches for a String in Input with grep   196    Paging Through Output with less   197    Creating Links Between Files with ln   199    Finding Files from an Index with locate   200    Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls   200    Listing System Information with lsblk, lshw, lsmod, and lspci   202    Reading Manual Pages with man   203    Making Directories with mkdir   204    Moving Files with mv   204    Renaming Files with rename   204    Deleting Files and Directories with rm   205    Sorting the Contents of a File with sort   205    Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail   207    Printing the Location of a Command with which   207    Download Files with wget   207 References   208 Chapter 12  Command-Line Master Class Part 2   209 Redirecting Output and Input   209 stdin, stdout, stderr, and Redirection   211 Comparing Files   212    Finding Differences in Files with diff   212    Finding Similarities in Files with comm212 Limiting Resource Use and Job Control   213    Listing Processes with ps   213    Listing Jobs with jobs   214    Running One or More Tasks in the Background   215    Moving Jobs to the Background or Foreground with bg and fg   215    Printing Resource Usage with top   216    Setting Processes Priority with nice   218 Combining Commands   219    Pipes   219    Combining Commands with Boolean Operators   221    Running Separate Commands in Sequence   222    Process Substitution   222 Using Environment Variables   222 Using Common Text Editors   226    Working with nano   227    Working with vi   227    Working with emacs   229    Working with sed and awk   230 Working with Compressed Files   232 Using Multiple Terminals with byobu   233 Polite System Reset Using REISUB   234 Fixing an Ubuntu System That Will Not Boot   235    Checking BIOS   235    Checking GRUB   235    Reinstalling GRUB   235    Using Recovery Mode   236    Reinstalling Ubuntu   236 Tips and Tricks   236    Running the Previous Command   236    Running Any Previous Command   237    Running a Previous Command that Started with Specific Letters   237    Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word   237    Viewing Your History and More   237    Doing Two or More Things   237    Using Shortcuts   238    Confining a Script to a Directory   238    Using Coreutils   239    Reading the Contents of the Kernel Ring Buffer with dmesg   239 References   240 Chapter 13  Managing Users   241 User Accounts   241    The Super User/Root User   242    User IDs and Group IDs   244    File Permissions   244 Managing Groups   245    Group Listing   245    Group Management Tools   246 Managing Users   248    User Management Tools   248    Adding New Users   250    Monitoring User Activity on the System   251 Managing Passwords   252    System Password Policy   252    The Password File   253    Shadow Passwords   254    Managing Password Security for Users   256    Changing Passwords in a Batch   256 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users   257    Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command   257    Granting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo Command   259 Disk Quotas   262    Implementing Quotas   262    Manually Configuring Quotas   263 Related Ubuntu Commands   264 References   264 Chapter 14  Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting   265 Scheduling Tasks   265    Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later   265    Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly   268    Using rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep Automatically   270 Basic Shell Control   272    The Shell Command Line   273    Shell Pattern-Matching Support   274    Redirecting Input and Output   275    Piping Data   276    Background Processing   277 Writing and Executing a Shell Script   277    Running the New Shell Program   279    Storing Shell Scripts for System-Wide Access   279    Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells   280    Using Variables in Shell Scripts   281    Assigning a Value to a Variable   282    Accessing Variable Values   282    Positional Parameters   282    A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter   283    Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve    Variables from the Command Line   284    Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks   284    Built-In Variables   286    Special Characters   287    Using Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces   288    Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables   288    Using the Backslash as an Escape Character   289    Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output   289    Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash   290    Comparing Expressions with tcsh   295    The for Statement   299    The while Statement   300    The until Statement   302    The repeat Statement (tcsh)   303    The select Statement (pdksh)   303    The shift Statement   304    The if Statement   304    The case Statement   305    The break and exit Statements   307    Using Functions in Shell Scripts   307 References   308 Chapter 15  The Boot Process   311 Running Services at Boot   311 Beginning the Boot Loading Process   312    Loading the Linux Kernel   314    System Services and Runlevels   315    Runlevel Definitions   315    Booting into the Default Runlevel   316    Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization   316    Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools   317    Changing Runlevels   318    Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems319    Starting and Stopping Services Manually   319 Using Upstart   319 systemd   320 Boot Repair   322 References   322 Chapter 16  System-Monitoring Tools   323 Console-Based Monitoring   323    Using the kill Command to Control Processes   325    Using Priority Scheduling and Control   326    Displaying Free and Used Memory with free   327    Disk Space   328    Disk Quotas   329    Checking Log Files   329    Rotating Log Files   331 Graphical Process and System Management Tools   333    System Monitor   334    Conky   334    Other   339 KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools   339 Enterprise Server Monitoring   340    Landscape   340    Other   340 References   340 Chapter 17  Backing Up   341 Choosing a Backup Strategy   341    Why Data Loss Occurs   342    Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources   343    Evaluating Backup Strategies   345    Making the Choice   348 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media   348    Removable Storage Media   348    CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives   349    Network Storage   349    Tape Drive Backup   349    Cloud Storage   350 Using Backup Software   350    tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool   351    The GNOME File Roller   353    The KDE ark Archiving Tool   353    Déjà Dup   354    Back In Time   356    Unison   358    Using the Amanda Backup Application   358    Alternative Backup Software   359 Copying Files   360    Copying Files Using tar   360    Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams   361    Copying Files Using cp   361    Copying Files Using mc   362    Using rsync   362 Version Control for Configuration Files   364 System Rescue   366    The Ubuntu Rescue Disc   367    Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader   367    Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive   368 References   368 Chapter 18  Networking   369 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface   370    Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface   370    Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually   370 Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr   371 Networking with TCP/IP   374    TCP/IP Addressing   374    Using IP Masquerading in Ubuntu   376    Ports   377 IPv6 Basics   378 Network Organization   380    Subnetting   381    Subnet Masks   381    Broadcast, Unicast, and Multicast Addressing   382 Hardware Devices for Networking   382    Network Interface Cards   382    Network Cable   384    Hubs and Switches   385    Routers and Bridges   386    Initializing New Network Hardware   387 Using Network Configuration Tools   389    Command-Line Network Interface Configuration   389    Network Configuration Files   394    Using Graphical Configuration Tools   397 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol   399    How DHCP Works   399    Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time   400    DHCP Software Installation and Configuration   401    Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts   403    Other Uses for DHCP   405 Wireless Networking   405    Support for Wireless Networking in Ubuntu   405    Advantages of Wireless Networking   407    Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols   407 Beyond the Network and onto the Internet   408 Common Configuration Information   408    Understanding PPP over Ethernet   410    Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually   411 Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access   412 Troubleshooting Connection Problems   413 References   414 Chapter 19  Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC   415 Setting Up a Telnet Server   415 Telnet Versus SSH   417 Setting Up an SSH Server   417 SSH Tools   417    Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines   418    Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines   418    Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins   419 Virtual Network Computing   420 References   423 Chapter 20  Securing Your Machines   425 Understanding Computer Attacks   425 Assessing Your Vulnerability   427 Protecting Your Machine   428    Securing a Wireless Network   429    Passwords and Physical Security   429    Configuring and Using Tripwire   430    Devices   431 Viruses   431 Configuring Your Firewall   432 AppArmor   435 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan   437 References   439 Chapter 21  Performance Tuning   441 Hard Disk   441    Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives   442    The hdparm Command   443    File System Tuning   444    The tune2fs Command   444    The e2fsck Command   445    The badblocks Command   445    Disabling File Access Time   445 Kernel   445 Apache   446 MySQL   448    Measuring Key Buffer Usage   448    Using the Query Cache   449    Miscellaneous Tweaks   451    Query Optimization   451 References   452 Chapter 22  Kernel and Module Management   453 The Linux Kernel   454    The Linux Source Tree   455    Types of Kernels   457 Managing Modules   458 When to Recompile   460 Kernel Versions   461 Obtaining the Kernel Sources   462 Patching the Kernel   463 Compiling the Kernel   464    Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel   467    Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image   470 When Something Goes Wrong   470    Errors During Compile   471    Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops   472 References   472 PART IV:  UBUNTU AS A SERVER Chapter 23  Sharing Files and Printers   473 Using the Network File System   474    Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS   474    NFS Server Configuration   474    NFS Client Configuration   475 Putting Samba to Work   476    Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf   478    Testing Samba with the testparm Command   481    Starting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd Daemon   481    Mounting Samba Shares   482 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu   483    Creating Network Printers   483    Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI   485    Avoiding Printer Support Problems   486 References   488 Chapter 24  Apache Web Server Management   489 About the Apache Web Server   489 Installing the Apache Server   490    Starting and Stopping Apache   491 Runtime Server Configuration Settings   492    Runtime Configuration Directives   492    Editing apache2.conf   493    Apache Multiprocessing Modules   495    Using .htaccess Configuration Files   496 File System Authentication and Access Control   498    Restricting Access with Require   498    Authentication   499    Final Words on Access Control   501 Apache Modules   502    mod_access   502    mod_alias   502    mod_asis   503    mod_auth   503    mod_auth_anon   503    mod_auth_dbm   503    mod_auth_digest   504    mod_autoindex   504    mod_cgi   504    mod_dir and mod_env   504    mod_expires   504    mod_headers   504    mod_include   505    mod_info and mod_log_config   505    mod_mime and mod_mime_magic   505    mod_negotiation   505    mod_proxy   505    mod_rewrite   505    mod_setenvif   506    mod_speling   506    mod_status   506    mod_ssl   506    mod_unique_id   506    mod_userdir   506    mod_usertrack   507    mod_vhost_alias   507 Virtual Hosting   507    Address-Based Virtual Hosts   507    Name-Based Virtual Hosts   508 Logging   509 HTTPS   510 References   513 Chapter 25  Nginx Web Server Management   515 About the Nginx Web Server   515 Installing the Nginx Server   517    Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories   517    Building the Source Yourself   517 Configuring the Nginx Server   518 Virtual Hosting   521 Setting Up PHP   522 Adding and Configuring Modules   523 HTTPS   524 References   526 Chapter 26  Other HTTP Servers   527 lighttpd   527 Yaws   528 Cherokee   528 Jetty   529 thttpd   529 Apache Tomcat   530 References   530 Chapter 27 Remote File Serving with FTP   531 Choosing an FTP Server   531    Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server   532    Ubuntu FTP Server Packages   532    Other FTP Servers   532 Installing FTP Software   533 The FTP User   534 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server   536    Controlling Anonymous Access   537    Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files   537 Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection   539 References   540 Chapter 28  Handling Email   541 How Email Is Sent and Received   541    The Mail Transport Agent   542    Choosing an MTA   544    The Mail Delivery Agent544    The Mail User Agent   545 Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation   546    Configuring Masquerading   548    Using Smart Hosts   549    Setting Message Delivery Intervals   549    Mail Relaying   550    Forwarding Email with Aliases   550 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail   551    Installing Fetchmail   551    Configuring Fetchmail   551 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent   555    Procmail   555    Spamassassin   555    Squirrelmail   556    Virus Scanners   556    Autoresponders   556 Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server   556    Microsoft Exchange Server/Outlook Client   557    CommuniGate Pro   557    Oracle Beehive   557    Bynari   558    Open-Xchange   558    Horde   558 References   558 Chapter 29  Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)   561 What Is a Proxy Server?   561 Installing Squid   562 Configuring Clients   562 Access Control Lists   563 Specifying Client IP Addresses   567 Sample Configurations   568 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)   570    Setting Up a VPN Client   571    Setting Up a VPN Server   573 References   575 Chapter 30  Administering Relational Database Services   577 A Brief Review of Database Basics   578    How Relational Databases Work   580    Understanding SQL Basics   582    Creating Tables   582    Inserting Data into Tables   583    Retrieving Data from a Database   584 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL   586    Speed   586    Data Locking   586    ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity   587    SQL Subqueries   588    Procedural Languages and Triggers   588 Configuring MySQL   588    Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User   589    Creating a Database in MySQL   590 Configuring PostgreSQL   592    Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL   592    Creating a Database in PostgreSQL   593    Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL   593    Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL   594    Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL   594 Database Clients   595    SSH Access to a Database   595    Local GUI Client Access to a Database   597    Web Access to a Database   597    The MySQL Command-Line Client   598    The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client   600    Graphical Clients   600 References   601 Chapter 31  NoSQL Databases   603 Key/Value Stores   606    Berkeley DB   606    Cassandra   607    Memcached and MemcacheDB   607    Redis   608    Riak   608 Document Stores   608    CouchDB   609    MongoDB   610    BaseX   610 Wide Column Stores   611    BigTable   611    HBase   611 Graph Stores   612    Neo4j   612    OrientDB   612    HyperGraphDB   612    FlockDB   613 References   613 Chapter 32  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)   615 Configuring the Server   616    Creating Your Schema   616    Populating Your Directory   617 Configuring Clients   619    Evolution   620    Thunderbird   621 Administration   621 References   622 Chapter 33  Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)   623 Requirements   624 Installation   627 Using LTSP   628 References   629 Chapter 34  Virtualization on Ubuntu   631 KVM   633 VirtualBox   637 VMware   639 Xen   639 References   639 Chapter 35  Ubuntu in the Cloud   641 Why a Cloud?   642    Software as a Service (SaaS)   643    Platform as a Service (PaaS)   643    Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)   643    Metal as a Service (MaaS)   643    Before You Do Anything   644 Deploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid?   644 Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack   645    Compute Infrastructure (Nova)   645    Storage Infrastructure (Swift)   646    Networking Service (Neutron)   646    Identity Service (Keystone)   646    Imaging Service (Glance)   647    Dashboard (Horizon)   647    Learning More   647 Juju   647    Getting Started   648    Charms   650    The Juju GUI   652    Juju Quickstart   653    Juju on Mac OS X and Windows   653    Mojo: Continuous Delivery for Juju   653 Snappy Ubuntu Core   653 Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)   653 Landscape   654 References   654 Chapter 36  Managing Sets of Servers   655 Juju   655 Puppet   656 Chef   656 CFEngine   656 Ansible   657 Landscape   657 References   657 Chapter 37  Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)   659 Understanding Domain Names   661    DNS Servers   661    DNS Records   662 Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND   665 References   667 PART V:  PROGRAMMING LINUX Chapter 38  Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu   669 Programming with Linux   670 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu   671    Building Programs with make   671    Using Makefiles   671    Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code   673    Debugging Tools   674 Using the GNU C Compiler   675 Graphical Development Tools   676    Using the KDevelop Client   676    The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME   677    Use an IDE or SDK   678 References   680 Chapter 39  Opportunistic Development   681 Version Control Systems   681    Managing Software Projects with Git   682    Managing Software Projects with Bazaar   683    Managing Software Projects with Subversion   684    Managing Software Projects with Mercurial   685 Introduction to Opportunistic Development   686 Launchpad   687 Ubuntu Make   688 Creating Snap Packages   689 Bikeshed and Other Tools   689 References   692 Chapter 40  Helping with Ubuntu Development   693 Introduction to Ubuntu Development   694 Setting Up Your Development System   695    Install Basic Packages and Configure   695    Create a Launchpad Account   696    Set Up Your Environment to Work with Launchpad   696 Developing Apps and Scopes   698 Fixing Bugs and Packaging   698 Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest   701 Masters of the Universe   701 References   702 Chapter 41  Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA   703 Community Teams   703    Ubuntu Testing Team   704    QA Team705 Bug Squad   705 Test Drive   705 References   708 Chapter 42  Using Popular Programming Languages   709 Ada   710 Clojure   710 COBOL   711 D   712 Dart   712 Elixir   713 Erlang   713 Forth   713 Go   714 Fortran   714 Groovy   715 Haskell   715 Java   715 JavaScript   716 Lisp   716 Lua   717 Mono   717 OCaml   718 Perl   718 PHP   719 Python   719 Ruby   719 Rust   720 Scala   720 Scratch   720 Vala   720 References   721 Chapter 43  Beginning Mobile Development for Android   723 Introduction to Android   724    Hardware   724    Linux Kernel   724    Libraries   724    Android Runtime   724    Application Framework   725    Applications   725 Installing Android Studio   725    Install Android Studio   725    Install SDK Packages   725 Create Your First Application   727 References   728 Chapter 44  Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch   729 Install the SDK   730 Create Your First Application   730 References   731 Index   733 BONUS ONLINE CHAPTERS Chapter 45  Using Perl Web Using Perl with Linux    Perl Versions    A Simple Perl Program Perl Variables and Data Structures    Perl Variable Types    Special Variables Operators    Comparison Operators    Compound Operators    Arithmetic Operators    Other Operators    Special String Constants Conditional Statements: if/else and unless    if    unless Looping    for    foreach    while    until    last and next    do ..while and do ..until Regular Expressions Access to the Shell Modules and CPAN Code Examples    Sending Mail    Purging Logs    Posting to Usenet    One-Liners    Command-Line Processing References Chapter 46  Using Python Python on Linux The Basics of Python    Numbers    More on Strings    Lists    Dictionaries    Conditionals and Looping Functions Object Orientation    Class and Object Variables    Constructors and Destructors    Class Inheritance The Standard Library and the Python Package Index References Chapter 47  Using PHP Introduction to PHP    Entering and Exiting PHP Mode    Variables    Arrays    Constants    References    Comments    Escape Sequences    Variable Substitution    Operators    Conditional Statements    Special Operators    Switching    Loops    Including Other Files Basic Functions    Strings    Arrays    Files    Miscellaneous Handling HTML Forms Databases References