This market-leading text for grammar courses is a comprehensive description of sentence structure that encourages students to recognize and use their innate language expertise as they study the systematic nature of sentence grammar.

Table of Contents:
All chapters have Chapter Previews. Preface       Part I Introduction        1.         The Study of Grammar: An Overview     * English: A World Language Three Definitions of Grammar     * Traditional School Grammar Modern Linguistics     Structural Grammar     Transformational Grammar     The Issue of Correctness     Language Variety     Language Change     Language in the Classroom     Key Terms     Further Reading     Classroom Applications  Questions for Discussion      Part II: The Grammar of Basic Sentences All chapters in Part II have Key Terms, Sentences for Practice, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications   * 2.       An Introduction to Words and Phrases  Form Classes Nouns The Noun Phrase Verbs The Verb Phrase NP + VP = S Adjectives and Adverbs Prepositional Phrases   3.         Sentence Patterns * Subjects and Predicates The Sentence Slots     The Be Patterns     The Linking Verb Patterns     The Optional Slots     The Intransitive Verb Pattern     Exceptions to the Intransitive Pattern     Intransitive Phrasal Verbs     The Transitive Verb Patterns     Transitive Phrasal Verbs     The Indirect Object Pattern     The Object Complement Patterns     Compound Structures     Exceptions to the Ten Sentence Patterns     Sentence Types * Interrogative Sentences (Questions) Imperative Sentences (Commands)   * Exclamatory Sentences   Punctuation and the Sentence Patterns     Diagramming the Sentence Patterns     Notes on the Diagrams     The Main Line     The Noun Phrase     The Verb Phrase      The Prepositional Phrase     Compound Structures     Punctuation       4.         Expanding the Main Verb The Five Verb Forms     Auxiliary–Verb Combinations     The Modal Auxiliaries     The Subjunctive Mood     Tense and Aspect         Using the Verb Forms    * The “Future Tense”  Exceptions to the Rule     The Stand-In Auxiliary Do     The Verb System of African American Vernacular  English       * 5.       Changing Sentence Focus The Passive Voice             The Passive Get             The Transitive-Passive Relationship             Patterns VIII to X in Passive Voice             Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice The Passive Voice in Prose             Other Passive Purposes The There Transformation Cleft Sentences   Part III:            Expanding the Sentence All chapters in Part III have Key Terms, Sentences for Practice, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications   Form and Function   6.         Modifiers of the Verb: Adverbials   Adverbs     Prepositional Phrases     Nouns and Noun Phrases      Verb Phrases     Dangling Infinitives     Clauses     Punctuation of Adverbials       7.         Modifers of the Noun: Adjectivals The Determiner     Adjectives and Nouns              * Prenoun participles    Prepositional Phrases     Relative Clauses     Participial Phrases     Passive Participles     The Participle as Object Complement     Movable Participles     Dangling Participles     Participles as Adverbials     Punctuation of Clauses and Participles     Multiple Modifiers     Other Postnoun Modifiers     Infinitives     Noun Phrases     Adjectives     Adverbs         8.         The Noun Phrase Functions: Nominals The Nominal Slots     Appositives     Punctuation of Appositives     Noun Phrase Substitutes     Gerunds     The Pattern of the Gerund     The Subject of the Gerund     Dangling Gerunds     Infinitives     The Subject of the Infinitive     Nominal Clauses     The Expletive That     Interrogatives     Yes/No Interrogatives     Punctuation of Nominal Clauses     Nominals as Delayed Subjects       9.         Sentence Modifiers Nouns of Direct Address: The Vocatives     Interjections     Subordinate Clauses     Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses      Elliptical Clauses     Absolute Phrases     Appositives     Relative Clauses         10.       Coordination Coordination within the Sentence     Punctuation     Elliptical Coordinate Structures     Subject–Verb Agreement     Parallel Structure     Coordinating Complete Sentences     Conjunctions     Semicolons     Colons     Diagramming the Compound Sentence       Part IV:            Words and Word Classes All chapters in Part IV have Key Terms, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications   11.       Morphemes  Bases and Affixes     Bound and Free Morphemes     Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes     Allomorphs     Homonyms     Compound Words       12.       The Form Classes Nouns     Noun Derivational Suffixes     Noun Inflectional Suffixes     The Meaning of the Possessive Case     Irregular Plural Inflections     Plural-Only Forms     Collective Nouns     Semantic Features of Nouns     Verbs     Verb Derivational Affixes     Verb Inflectional Suffixes     Adjectives     Adjective Derivational Suffixes     Adjective Inflectional Suffixes     Subclasses of Adjectives     Adverbs     Adverb Derivational Suffixes     Adverb Inflectional Suffixes       13.       The Structure Classes Determiners     The Expanded Determiner     Auxiliaries     Qualifiers     Prepositions     Simple Prepositions     Phrasal Prepositions     Conjunctions     Coordinating Conjunctions     Correlative Conjunctions     Conjunctive Adverbs (Adverbial Conjunctions)     Subordinating Conjunctions     Relatives     Interrogatives     Expletives     There     That     Or     As     If andWhether (or not)     Particles        14.       Pronouns Personal Pronouns     Case     Gender     Reflexive Pronouns     Intensive Pronouns     Reciprocal Pronouns     Demonstrative Pronouns     Relative Pronouns     Interrogative Pronouns     Indefinite Pronouns       Part V:             Grammar for Writers   15.       Rhetorical Grammar Sentence Patterns     Basic Sentences     The Linking Be and Metaphor     Cohesion     Sentence Rhythm     End Focus     Sentence Transformations     Choosing Verbs     The Overuse of Be     The Passive Voice     The Abstract Subject     The Shifting Adverbials     The Adverbial Clause     The Adverbs of Emphasis     The Common Only     Metadiscourse     Style     Word Order Variation     Ellipsis     The Coordinate Series     The Introductory Appositive Series     The Deliberate Sentence Fragment     Repetition     * Antithesis Using Gender Appropriately     Key Terms       16.       Purposeful Punctuation  Making Connections     Compounding Sentences     Compounding Structures within Sentences     Connecting More Than Two Parts: The Series     Separating Prenoun Modifiers     Identifying Essential and Nonessential Structures     Signaling Sentence Openers     Signaling Emphasis     Using Apostrophes for Contraction and Possessive Case       Part VI   Glossary of Grammatical Terms       Appendix on Sentence Diagramming   Answers to the Exercises       Index