Why is there such an active and ongoing resistance to mandatory vaccination? This book examines why vaccination as a public health measure continues to be highly controversial.
Objections to mandatory vaccination are widespread in the world today. Rather than being a new development, such objections have existed since vaccinations were first introduced. This book provides complete coverage of the history and background of vaccination issues in the United States and around the world, along with a detailed examination of the issues related to the use of vaccination today, and supplies readers with the necessary information to consider if the potential benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks.
Vaccination Controversies: A Reference Handbook overviews the scientific basis for and history of immunization as a method for protecting individuals against disease, along with a review of the social, political, and economic issues related to the use of immunization in both human and animal populations. The book debunks prevalent public health myths by clearly outlining the scientific consensus behind modern immunization regimes. Also included are profiles of important individuals and organizations within the history of vaccination, a chronology of important events, as well as pertinent reports, laws, and court decisions that give the reader a greater appreciation of the issues surrounding vaccination.
Table of Contents:
List of Tables,
Preface,
1 Background and History,
Infectious Diseases in History,
Epidemics in Early Human History,
The Nature of Infectious Diseases,
Major Infectious Diseases,
Smallpox,
Poliomyelitis,
Dengue Fever,
Hepatitis C,
The Human Immune System,
Primary Immune Response,
Secondary Immune Response,
Vaccination,
The Language of Vaccinology,
The History of Vaccination,
Variolation,
From Variolation to Vaccination,
References,
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,
A Brief History of Opposition to Vaccination,
The English Vaccination Laws,
Anti-Vaccinationism in the United States,
Vaccination Laws in the United States,
Vaccination Laws Worldwide,
Vaccination Epidemics,
Kyoto, Japan: 1948,
Complications Resulting from DTP Vaccinations: Mid-1970s,
Polio: 1955,
Rotavirus: 1999,
The Legal Status of Vaccination,
Modern Anti-Vaccinationism,
Vaccines Cause Illness,
The Vaccine-Autism Link,
Vaccines and Gulf War Syndrome,
Vaccines Do Not Work,
Big Business and Big Government,
Alternatives to Vaccination,
Too Aggressive Vaccination Schedules,
Threats from Thimerosal and Adjuvants,
Aluminum Compounds,
Squalene,
Old Wine in New Bottles,
The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine,
Where to from Here?
References,
3 Perspectives,
HPV Vaccine for All, Bob Roehr,
HPV Diseases,
Other Benefits,
Further Reading,
HPV Vaccine Mandates: Little Benefit, Real Harm, Diane M. Harper,
Vaccine Shortages—A Perspective, Dean A. Haycock,
References,
Sounds of Death: Whooping Cough and Vaccine Refusal, Benjamin Radford,
Anti-Vaccination Fears,
References,
Vaccination Doubts, Louise Kuo Habakus,
References,
Federal Law and Mandatory Vaccination, Stephen Lendman,
Massachusetts May Be a Forerunner of What's to Come,
References,
Hepatitis B Vaccine and Multiple Sclerosis, Joan R. Callahan,
Consequences,
What Went Wrong?,
Further Readings,
4 Profiles,
Baruch S. Blumberg (1925–2011),
Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center,
Every Child By Two,
Ian Frazer (1953–),
Maurice Hilleman (1919–2005),
Immunization Action Coalition,
Edward Jenner (1749–1823),
Albert Z. Kapikian (1930–),
Pearl Kendrick (1890–1980) and Grace Eldering (1901–1988),
Shibasaburo Kitasato (1852–1931),
Douglas R. Lowy and John T. Schiller,
Jacques Miller (1931–),
National Vaccine Information Center,
Ruth S. Nussenzweig (1928–),
Paul A. Offit (1951–),
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895),
Stanley A. Plotkin (1932–),
Gaston Ramon (1886–1963),
Benjamin A. Rubin (1917–2010),
Albert Sabin (1906–1993),
Jonas Salk (1914–1995),
Viera Scheibner (1935–),
Vaccine Education Center,
Vaccination Risk Awareness Network, Inc.,
Emil von Behring (1854–1917),
Andrew Wakefield (1957–),
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689–1762),
5 Data and Documents,
Data,
Table 5.1: National and State Vaccination Coverage among Children Aged 19–35 Months—United States, 2010,
Table 5.2: Recommended Immunization Schedule,
Table 5.3: Approved Vaccines and Their Effectiveness,
Table 5.4: Coverage of Two Major Vaccination Schedules Worldwide, 1980–2010,
Documents,
Letter from Lady Mary Wortley Montagu about Variolation in Turkey (1717),
Boylston's Inoculation Efforts in Colonial Boston (1726),
An Act to Secure General Vaccination (1855),
Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905),
Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act, P.l. 377 Chapter 863 (1955),
Vaccination Assistance Act of 1962 (42 USC Sec. 247b),
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-660),
Measles Eradication Program (1996),
Project Bioshield Act, P.l. 108-276 (2004),
Project Bioshield Assessment (2007),
Executive Order RP65 (State of Texas) (2007),
Texas House Bill 1098 (2007),
Cedillo and Cedillo vs. Secretary of Health and Human Services (2010),
Frequently Asked Questions about Thimerosal (Ethylmercury) (2011),
Exemption from Vaccination,
6 Resources,
Books,
Periodicals,
Reports,
Internet Resources,
7 Chronology,
Glossary,
Index,
About the Author,
