This book describes the three-tiered model of reading intervention, which identifies and provides services to students with reading disabilities. It shares what is known about research-validated practices for each tier of reading interventions. The first tier, primary intervention, provides a fundamentally sound core reading program for all students in early grades. Secondary intervention includes supplementary reading instruction for children who experience early difficulties learning to read. The third tier, tertiary intervention, includes additional instruction for children who still have problems with reading despite the supplemental instruction. Children in the third tier would likely have learning disabilities and would qualify for special education services. The volume will summarize research findings about effective reading intervention at each of the three tiers, for whom specific interventions have been validated, and under what conditions or in what settings interventions have been effective.

Table of Contents:
Introduction To Three Tiered Model; Overview of the Three-Tiered Model of Reading Intervention Sharon Vaughn, Diane Haager, & Jannette Klingner; Primary Intervention; Instructional Factors Associated with Improved Outcomes for Students in Primary Grades Barbara Foorman; Primary Intervention as a Means for Preventing Special Education Charlie Greenwood; Secondary Intervention; Curriculum Based Measurement as a Progress Monitoring Process Fuchs & Fuchs; Secondary Interventions for English Language Learners Sharon Vaughn & Jeannie Wanzek; Proactive and Responsive Interventions for Eliminating Reading Difficulties Patricia Mathes & Carolyn Denton; Layers of Intervention that Affect Student Outcomes Rollanda O'Connor; Tertiary Intervention; Systematic and Explicit Instruction for Improving Reading Outcomes for Students with Severe Reading Difficulties Joe Torgensen; Powerful Interventions that Affect Students Most At Risk Kameenui & Simmons; Response to Intervention: How to Design Instruction for Minimal Responders Frank Vellutino; Issues; What can we reasonably expect of teachers in implementing primary and secondary interventions? Diane Haager; Three-Tiered Models with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Jannette Klingner; Practical Ideas for Implementing a Three-Tiered Model District-Wide Doug Marston.