This concise text on biologically active substances of the food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries presents data on natural compounds of vegetable and animal origin. Various nutrients in food, phytochemicals and zoochemicals are discussed, including their uses for prophylactic, metaphylactic and therapeutic purposes in personalized medicine. Along with these compounds, prebiotics isolated by biotechnological methods from plant tissues are reviewed, with the aim of obtaining compounds with an oligoglucide structure. Metabolism of nutrients and the biodegradation of xenobiotics are hot topics and access routes into the human body for the various biologically active substances are covered.
Features:
- Biologically active substances and related chemistry, biochemistry and agrochemistry data are rigorously discussed
- Data regarding natural compounds of vegetable origin detected from plants present in the spontaneous flora and plants obtained in agricultural crops (medicinal plants, aromatic plants and more) are presented
- Discusses the natural compounds of animal origin detected in the organisms of some terrestrial and aquatic animals
- Covers prebiotics isolated by technological and biotechnological methods from plant tissues, with the aim of obtaining compounds with oligoglucide structure
- Broad audience including all those in biochemistry, the food and pharmaceutical industries and agricultural fields
Table of Contents:
1. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES: CONCEPTUAL AND APPLICATIVE ASPECTS
Zeno Garban, Gheorghe Ilia
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Characteristics of the chemical composition of the living organisms
1.2.1. Basic concepts
1.2.2. Bioconstituents, nutrients and chemical xenobiotics
1.3. Metabolisation of nutrients
1.3.1. Basic concepts
1.3.2. Phases and metabolization pathways
1.4. Biotransformation of chemical xenobiotics
1.4.1. Basic concepts
1.4.2. Phases and pathways of biotransformation
1.5. Metabolsation and biotransformation: Similitudes and discrepancies
1.6. Apparata and systems
1.7. Admission of biologically active substances in the body
1.7.1. Basic concepts
1.7.2. Gastrointestinal route
1.7.3. Pulmonary route
1.7.4. Cutaneous route
1.8. Barriers in biochemistry
1.8.1. Tissue barriers of the body
1.8.2. Membrane barriers of cells
1.9. Biomarkers in the investigation of biologically active substances
1.9.1. Types of biomarkers
1.9.2. Applications of biomarkers
1.10. Biologically active substances in ethnobiology - overview
References
2. NATURAL COMPOUNDS OF PLANT ORIGIN
Zeno Garban
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Chemical composition and natural distribution
2.3. Classification and nomenclature
2.4. Phytochemicals classes
2.4.1. Introductory exposure
2.4.2. Organic acids
2.4.3. Alkaloids
2.4.4. Phytoncides
2.4.5. Heterosides
2.4.6. Natural pigments
2.4.7. Tannins
2.4.8. Essential oils
References
3. NATURAL COMPOUNDS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
Zeno Garban
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Chemical composition and natural distribution
3.3. Zoochemicals present in various food groups
3.3.1. Zoochemicals from milk and dairy products
3.3.2. Zoochemicals from meat and viscera
3.3.3. Zoochemicals from eggs
3.3.4. Zoochemicals from bee products
3.4. Zoochemicals present in animal tissues
References
4. PREBIOTICS
Zeno Garban
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Chemical composition and natural distribution
4.3. Classification and nomenclature
4.4. Prebiotics vs probiotics
4.5. Prebiotics and nutrition
4.6. Groups of prebiotic compounds
4.7. Prebiotics in foods and pharmaceutic products
4.8. Obtainment of prebiotic compounds - generalities
References
5. PLANT GROWTH BIOREGULATORS
Gheorghe Ilia
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Chemical composition and natural distribution
5.3. Brief history
5.4. Classes of chemical compounds
5.4.1. Auxins
5.4.2. Gibberellins
5.4.3. Cytokinins
5.4.4. Ethylene
5.4.5. Abscisic acid
5.4.6. Other compound as bioregulators
5.4.7. Natural and synthetized inhibiting substances
5.5. Bioregulators in food chemistry and nutrition
5.6. Growth regulators in agrobiology
5.6.1. General characteristics
5.6.2. Comparative effects
References
6. AD LIMINA INTERRELATIONS: ORGANISM-BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Gheorghe Ilia, Zeno Garban
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Bioavailability
6.2.1. Basic concepts
6.2.2. Interdisciplinary characteristics
6.2.3. Conditioning of bioavailability
6.2.4. The relationship ligands-receptors and bioavailability
6.2.5. Bioavailability and biologically active substances
6.3. Chronobiochemistry
6.3.1. Basic concepts
6.3.2. Biorhythm conditioning
6.3.3. Periodicity of biorhythm
6.3.4. Biorhythm types and parameters
6.3.5. Autonomy and synchronization of biorhythms
6.3.6. Chronobiochemistry and phenology in the plant and animal kingdoms
6.4. Traceability of food and pharmaceutical products
6.4.1. Basic concepts
6.4.2. Traceability types
6.4.3. Systems of products identification
6.4.4. Traceability of biologically active substances
References
