Essential Mathematics for the CSF 8 has been written specifically for the Victorian CSF Mathematics course. The series of books create a course of study from Years 7 to Years 10 using the CSF and the Sample Course as their base. The authors have also added in extra areas of study where practising teachers have requested that these areas remain part of their teaching. Thus, Essential Mathematics for the CSF is a complete course of study which is CSF specific and reflects the needs of teachers of mathematics in Victoria and builds on long standing successful classroom teaching practices. The material has been extensively trialled in schools. Together with the exciting full colour and creative design makes this series a new step in the creation of maths resources for Victorian schools.

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments; Legend; Introduction; 1. Positive and Negative Numbers, 1.1. Counting forwards and backwards, 1.2. Integers and the number line, 1.3. Addition and subtraction of directed numbers, 1.4. Addition and subtraction by combining signs, 1.5. Multiplication of directed numbers, 1.6. Division of directed numbers, 1.7. Order of operations; 2. Maps and coordinates, 2.1. The number plane in four quadrants, 2.2. Big is better!, 2.3. Rules, tables and graphs, 2.4. Grids and maps, 2.5. Maps, compasses and bearings, 2.6. Contour graphs; 3. Variables and relations, 3.1. Algebraic expressions, 3.2. Addition and subtraction, 3.3. Multiplication and division, 3.4. The distributive law, 3.5. Factorisation, 3.6. Evaluating expressions, 3.7. Using formulae, 3.8. Writing rules, 3.9. Writing everyday rules; 4. Perimeters and areas, 4.1. Length, 4.2. Perimeters, 4.3. The circumference of a circle, 4.4. Area, 4.5. The area of a parallelogram, 4.6. The area of a trapezium, 4.7. Areas of combined shapes, 4.8. Areas of irregular shapes; 5. Statistics and technology, 5.1. Frequency tables, 5.2. Frequency graphs, 5.3. Stem plots, 5.4. Mean, median and mode, 5.5. Measures of spread - range, 5.6. Interquartile range, 5.7. Using a graphics calculator and a spreadsheet; 6. Operations and applications, 6.1. Fractions and decimals revisited, 6.2. Addition and subtraction of fractions, 6.3. Multiplying and dividing fractions, 6.4. Addition and subtraction of decimal fractions, 6.5. Multiplication and division of decimal numbers, 6.6. Percentages, 6.7. Discount and mark-up, 6.8. Profit and loss; 7. Linear equations, 7.1. Equations, 7.2. Solving equations using algebra, 7.3. Using equations in problem solving, 7.4. Equations involving fractions, 7.5. Equations with brackets, 7.6. Solving equations with unknowns on both sides, 7.7. Inequations, 7.8. Solving inequations; 8. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes, 8.1. Transformations in two dimensions, 8.2. Designs using transformations, 8.3. Transformations and congruence, 8.4. Congruence of triangles, 8.5. Nets, 8.6. Isometric drawings, 8.7. Composite shapes, 8.8. Transformations in three dimensions; Cyclic Revision A; 9. Areas and volumes, 9.1. The area of a circle, 9.2. Areas of combined shapes, 9.3. Volume, 9.4. The volume of a solid, 9.5. Volumes of triangular prisms and cylinders, 9.6. The surface area of a rectangular prism, 9.7. Capacity; 10. Graphs, 10.1. Linear patterns and relationships, 10.2. Finding rules for linear relations, 10.3. Plotting linear relations using a rule, 10.4. Sketching linear relations, 10.5. Vertical and horizontal lines, 10.6. Intersection of two straight lines, 10.7. Linear graphs and gradients, 10.8. Linear graphs and their rules; 11. More operations and applications, 11.1. Ratios, 11.2. Comparing prices and rates, 11.3. Applications of ratio to scale diagrams, 11.4. Applying percentages - budgeting, 11.5. Applying percentages - simple interest, 11.6. Applying percentages - finding the total quantity, 12. Probability and simulation, 12.1. Probability terms, 12.2. Calculating probability, 12.3. Selection without replacement, 12.4. Long run proportion, 12.5. Probability from collected data, 12.6. Simulation, 12.7. Tree diagram; 13. Constructions, 13.1. Revision of definitions, 13.2. Naming and classifying angles, 13.3. Parallel lines and transversals, 13.4. Bisecting angles and line segments, 13.5. Constructing regular polygons, 13.6. Tessellation and Escher drawings, 13.7. Perspective drawings, 13.8. Polyhedra; 14. Indices, 14.1. Index notation, 14.2. The first and second index rules, 14.3. The third, fourth and fifth index rules, 14.4. Standard form, 14.5. Powers and roots on the calculator, 14.6. Substitution; 15. Rates, 15.1. Writing rates, 15.2. Rate problems, 15.3. Area and volume rates, 15.4. Converting rates from one unit to another, 15.5. Speed,