Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics Overview of current research and technologies in nanomaterial science as applied to omics science at the single cell level Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics is a comprehensive and authoritative compilation of the genetic processes and instructions that specifically direct individual genes to turn on or off, focusing on the developing technologies of engineering nanomaterials and their role in cell engineering which have become important research tools for pharmaceutical, biological, medical, and toxicological studies. Combining state-of-the art information on the impact of engineered nanomaterials in genomics and epigenomics, from a range of internationally recognized investigators from around the world, this edited volume offers unique insights into the current trends and future directions of research in this scientific field. Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics includes detailed information on sample topics such as: Impact of engineered nanomaterials in genomics and epigenomics, including adverse impact on glucose energy metabolism Toxicogenomics, toxicoepigenomics, genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity, and mechanisms of toxicogenomics and toxicoepigenomics Adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials on human environment and metabolomics pathways leading to ecological toxicity Meta-analysis methods to identify genomic toxicity mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials and biological effects of engineered nanomaterial exposure Artificial intelligence and machine learning of single-cell transcriptomics of engineered nanoparticles and trends in plant nano-interaction to mitigate abiotic stresses This comprehensive work is a valuable and excellent source of authoritative and up-to-date information for advanced students and researchers, toxicologists, the drug industry, risk assessors and regulators in academia, industry, and government, as well as for clinical scientists working in hospital and clinical environments.

Table of Contents:
Contents List of Contributors xv Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi 1 Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Genomics and Epigenomics 1 Saura C. Sahu Contents Nanotechnology: A Technological Advancement of the Twenty-First Century 1 Genomics and Epigenomics 1 Beneficial Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials on Human Life 2 Potential Adverse Health Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials 2 Conclusions 3 References 3 2 Molecular Impacts of Advanced Nanomaterials at Genomic and Epigenomic Levels 5 Kamran Shekh, Rais A Ansari, Yadollah Omidi, and Saghir A. Shakil Introduction 5 Classification of NMs 6 Absorption and Distribution of NMs 6 Major Adverse Effects of NMs 8 Known Cellular and Nuclear Uptake Mechanisms for Nanoparticles 10 Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Effect of NMs 11 DNA Methylation 12 Genetic and Genomic Effects of NMs 20 Conclusion 25 References 26 3 Endocrine Disruptors: Genetic, Epigenetic, and Related Pathways 41 Rais A. Ansari, Saleh Alfuraih, Kamran Shekh, Yadollah Omidi, Saleem Javed, and Saghir A. Shakil Introduction 41 Toxic Effects of EDCs on Wildlife and Humans 47 Effects During Development 48 Delayed Effects 48 Transgenerational Effects 49 Identification of EDC: Methods 49 Genetic Pathways 50 Phosphorylation-Mediated Signaling Pathways of Nuclear Receptors and Other Transcription Factors: Link to EDC 53 ER-Signaling Pathways 53 Xenoandrogens and Metabolic Syndrome 54 AR Signaling Pathways 54 Mechanism of ED 55 Methylation and Gene Regulation 55 Role of Noncoding RNAs 59 Transgenerational Inheritance of Epigenetics Induced by EDCs 59 Anti-Thyroids 60 Organotin 62 Epigenetic Effects of Organotin 63 TCDD and Related Compounds 63 TCDD and Genetic Response 64 TCDD-Mediated Epigenetic Response 65 Conclusions 65 References 66 4 Nanoplastics in Agroecosystem and Phytotoxicity: An Evaluation of Cytogenotoxicity and Epigenetic Regulation 83 Piyoosh Kumar Babele and Ravi Kant Bhatia Introduction 83 Fate and Behavior of NPs in Agroecosystem and Soil Environment 85 Uptake and Accumulation of NPs in Plants 87 NPs and Phytotoxicity 88 Can NPs Cause Cytogenotoxicity and Dysregulate Epigenetic Markers in Plants? 89 NPs and Epigenetic Regulation 91 Conclusion and Perspectives 92 References 93 5 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: Genotoxic, Oxidative, and Epigenetic Effects 99 Delia Cavallo, Pieranna Chiarella, Anna Maria Fresegna, Aureliano Ciervo, Valentina Del Frate, and Cinzia Lucia Ursini Introduction 99 Physicochemical Properties of NMs and Toxicity 100 Mechanism of NM Genotoxicity 101 Epigenetic Effects of Nanomaterials 102 Studies on Genotoxic and Oxidative Effects of Metal Oxides and Graphene-Based Nanomaterials 104 Graphene-Based NMs 120 Studies on Epigenetic Effects of Metal Oxides and Graphene-Based Nanomaterials 123 Studies on Workers – Genotoxic and Oxidative Effects of Occupational Exposure to Metal Oxides Nanoparticles, SiO2 NPs, and Graphene-Based Nanomaterials 127 Conclusions 132 References 132 6 Epigenotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles 145 Carlos Wells, Marta Pogribna, Beverly Lyn-Cook, and George Hammons Introduction 145 Cellular Uptake and Biodistribution 147 DNA Methylation and TiO2 Nanoparticles 151 Histone Modifications and TiO2 Nanoparticles 157 MicroRNAs and TiO2 Nanoparticles 161 Risk Assessment 167 Conclusion 173 Disclaimer 174 References 174 7 Toxicogenomics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 187 Pius Joseph Introduction 187 MWCNTs 188 Lung Injury 190 Inflammation 190 Oxidative Stress 192 Fibrosis 193 Mesothelioma 195 Lung Cancer 196 Genotoxicity 197 Toxicogenomics of ENMs 198 Transcriptomics – Technical Aspects 199 Toxicogenomics of MWCNTs – Animal Studies 201 Toxicogenomics of MWCNT – Human Studies 206 Disclaimer 207 References 207 8 Nano-Engineering in Traumatic Brain Injury 217 Najlaa Al-Thani, Mohammad Z. Haider , Maryam Al-Mansoob, Stuti Patel, Salma M.S. Ahmad, Firas Kobeissy, and Abdullah Shaito Introduction 217 Nanoparticles in the Treatment of TBI 218 Conclusion 222 References 223 9 Application of Nanoemulsions in Food Industries: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities 229 Ramesh Chaudhari, Vishva Patel, and Ashutosh Kumar Introduction 229 Components of Nanoemulsions 231 Approaches for Nanoemulsion Production 232 Applications of Food-Grade Nanoemulsions 235 Comparison of Nanoemulsion from Conventional Methods 241 Problems and Probable Solutions of Nanoemulsions 242 Future Trends and Challenges 243 Regulations and Safety Aspects 243 Conclusion 244 Conflict of Interest 245 Acknowledgments 245 References 245 10 Adverse Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Engineered Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers 251 Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari, Nouran Yonis, and Zhe Yang Introduction 251 ENP-Based Drug-Delivery Systems 252 Adverse Epigenetic Effects of ENPs 257 ENP-Induced Epigenetic Toxicity Likely Mediated by ROS 269 Conclusion 271 References 271 11 Engineered Nanoparticles Adversely Impact Glucose Energy Metabolism 283 Yingxue Zhang, Alexander Yang, and Zhe Yang Introduction 283 Biological Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles 284 Engineered Nanoparticles Alter Glucose Metabolism 285 Engineered Nanoparticles Alter TCA Cycle 288 Engineered Nanoparticles Alter Oxidative Phosphorylation 289 Conclusion 291 References 291 12 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning of Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Engineered Nanoparticles 295 Alexander Yang, Yingxue Zhang, and Zhe Yang Introduction 295 Impact of Nanoparticles on Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Response Heterogeneity 297 AI and ML in scRNA-Seq Data Analysis 301 Determining Cell Differentiation and Lineage Based on Single-Cell Entropy 303 Conclusion 304 References 305 13 Toxicogenomics and Toxicological Mechanisms of Engineered Nanomaterials 309 Eid Alshammari, Yingxue Zhang, Alexander Yang, and Zhe Yang Introduction 309 Genomic Responses to ENMs 310 Transcriptomic Responses to ENMs 313 Conclusion 314 References 315 14 Carbon Nanotubes Alter Metabolomics Pathways Leading to Broad Ecological Toxicity 319 Nouran Yonis, Eid Alshammari, and Zhe Yang Introduction 319 Biomedical Application and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes 321 Metabolomics Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes 323 Conclusion 326 References 326 15 Assessment of the Biological Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials Using Mass Spectrometry-Based MultiOmics Approaches 331 Nicholas Day, Tong Zhang, Matthew J. Gaffrey, Brian D. Thrall, and Wei-Jun Qian Introduction 331 Applications of MS for the Measurements of Proteins, PTMs, Lipids, and Metabolites 332 Multiomics Investigation of ENM Exposure to Microorganisms 335 Multiomics Investigation of ENM Exposure Using In Vitro Cell Culture Models 337 Multiomics Studies Reveal Organ-Specific Toxicity at the Organismal Level 340 Conclusions and Perspectives 344 Acknowledgments 347 Compliance with Ethical Standards 347 References 347 16 Current Scenario and Future Trends of Plant Nano-Interaction to Mitigate Abiotic Stresses: A Review 355 Farhat Yasmeen, Ghazala Mustafa, Hafiz Muhammad Jhanzab, and Setsuko Komatsu Abbreviations 355 Introduction 355 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 356 Morphophysiological Effects of Nanoparticles on Plant 364 Molecular Mechanism Altered by Nanoparticles 370 Nanoparticles Interaction with Plants 374 Conclusion and Future Prospects 375 References 376 17 Latest Insights on Genomic and Epigenomic Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity 397 Vratko Himič, Nikolaos Syrmos, Gianfranco K.I. Ligarotti, and Mario Ganau Introduction 397 Mechanisms of Genotoxicity 397 Genomic Consequences of ENM Exposure 400 A Primer on Epigenetic Processes 403 Epigenomic Consequences of ENM Exposure 404 Importance of Properties of ENMs 409 Future Perspectives 411 References 411 Index 419