For courses in Literature for Composition, Writing About Literature, and Introduction to Literature. This version of Literature for Composition has been updated to reflect the 8th Edition of the MLA Handbook (April 2016)*   The definitive source for composition and introduction to literature courses With an emphasis on critical thinking and argument, Literature for Composition offers superior coverage of reading, writing, and arguing about literature along with an anthology organized around eight thought-provoking themes. Throughout, the authors demonstrate that the skills emphasized in their discussions of communication are relevant not only to literature courses, but to all courses in which students analyze texts or write arguments. * The 8th Edition introduces sweeping changes to the philosophy and details of MLA works cited entries. Responding to the “increasing mobility of texts,” MLA now encourages writers to focus on the process of crafting the citation, beginning with the same questions for any source. These changes, then, align with current best practices in the teaching of writing which privilege inquiry and critical thinking over rote recall and rule-following.

Table of Contents:
NOTE: Brief and Comprehensive Tables of Contents follow. BRIEF CONTENTS   I. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT LITERATURE 1. How to Write an Effective Essay about Literature: A Crash Course 2. What is Critical Thinking about Literature? A Crash Course 3. The Writer as Reader 4. The Reader as Writer 5. The Pleasures of Reading, Writing and Thinking about Literature II. WRITING ARGUMENTS ABOUT LITERATURE 6. Close Reading: Paraphrase, Summary, and Explication 7. Analysis: Inquiry, Interpretation and Argument 8. Pushing Analysis Further: Re-Interpreting and Revision 9. Comparison and Synthesis 10. Research: Writing with Sources III. ANALYZING LITERARY FORMS AND ELEMENTS 11. Reading and Writing about Essays 12. Reading and Writing about Stories 13. Reading and Writing about Graphic Fiction 14. Reading and Writing about Plays 15. Reading and Writing about Poems IV. ENJOYING LITERARY THEMES: A THEMATIC ANTHOLOGY 16. The World Around Us 17. Technology and Human Identity 18. Love and Hate, Men and Women 19. Innocence and Experience 20. All in a Day’s Work 21. American Dreams and Nightmares 22. Law and Disorder 23. Journeys Appendix A: Writing About Literature: An Overview of Critical Strategies Appendix B: Remarks about Manuscript Form Literary Credits Photo Credits Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines Index of Terms COMPREHENSIVE CONTENTS Contents by Genre Preface to Instructors  I: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT LITERATURE   1: How to Write an Effective Essay about Literature: A Crash Course The Basic Strategy   Reading Closely: Approaching a First Draft   Checklist: Generating Ideas for a Draft  Writing and Revising: Achieving a Readable Draft Checklist: Writing and Revising a Draft Revising: Working with Peer Review Preparing the Final Draft    2: What is Critical Thinking about Literature?: A Crash Course  The Basic Strategy  What Is Critical Thinking?  How Do We Engage in Critical Thinking? Close Reading     Checklist: Close Reading  Analysis:  Inquiry, Interpretation, Argument    Checklist:   Inquiry and Question-Asking    Checklist:  Interpretation    Checklist:  Argument  Comparison and Synthesis    Checklist:  Comparison and Synthesis  Revision and Self-Awareness  Standing Back: Kinds of Writing  Non-Analytic vs. Analytic Writing     3: The Writer as Reader   Reading and Responding   KATE CHOPIN • Ripe Figs   Reading as Re-creation   Reading for Understanding: Collecting Evidence and Making Reasonable Inferences   Reading with Pen in Hand: Close Reading and Annotation   Sample Student Work: Annotation    Reading for Response: Recording First Reactions   Sample Student Work: Response Writing    Reading for Inquiry: Ask Questions and Brainstorm Ideas  Sample Student Work: Inquiry Notes    Reading in Context: Identifying Your Audience and Purpose  From Reading to Writing: Developing an Analytical Essay with an Argumentative Thesis  Sample Student Analytical Essay: “Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin’s ‘Ripe Figs’”   The Analytical Essay: Argument and Structure Analyzed   The Writing Process: From First Responses to Final Essay  Other Possibilities for Writing   From Reading to Writing: Moving from Brainstorming to an Analytical Essay  BRUCE HOLLAND ROGERS • Three Soldiers The Writing Process: From Response Writing to Final Essay Sample Student Work: Response Writing  Sample Student Analytical Essay: “Thinking about Three Soldiers Thinking”   The Analytical Essay: The Development of Ideas Analyzed   From Reading to Writing: Moving from a Preliminary Outline to an Analytical Essay  RAY BRADBURY • August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains   The Writing Process: From Outlining to Final Essay   Sample Student Work: Outlining Sample Student Analytical Essay: “The Lesson of ‘August 2026’”     Your Turn:  Additional Stories for Analysis   MICHELE SERROS • Senior Picture Day   HARUKI MURAKAMI • On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning  JOHN UPDIKE  •  A & P     4: The Reader as Writer   Developing Ideas through Close Reading and Inquiry    Getting Ideas Annotating a Text KATE CHOPIN • The Story of an Hour   Brainstorming Ideas   Focused Freewriting  Sample Student Work: Freewriting  Listing   Sample Student Work: Listing  Asking Questions   Sample Student Work: Inquiry Notes  Keeping a Journal   Sample Student Work: Journal-writing  Developing a Thesis through Critical Thinking Arguing with Yourself  Arguing a Thesis   Checklist: Thesis Sentence   From Reading to Writing to Revising: Drafting an Argument in an Analytical Essay Sample Preliminary Draft of Student’s Analytical Essay: “Ironies in an Hour” Revising an Argument   Outlining an Argument   Soliciting Peer Review, Thinking about Counterarguments   From Reading to Writing to Revising: Finalizing an Analytical Essay  Sample Final Draft of a Student’s Analytical Essay: “Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin’s ‘The Story of an Hour’”   The Analytical Essay: The Final Draft Analyzed  From Reading to Writing to Revising: Finalizing an Analytical Essay  KATE CHOPIN • Désirée’s Baby   Sample Student Analytical Essay: “Race and Identity in ‘Désirée’s Baby’”   From Reading to Writing to Revising: Drafting a Comparison Essay  KATE CHOPIN • The Storm   Sample Student Work: Comparison Notes  Sample Student Comparison Essay: “Two New Women”   The Comparison Essay: Organization Analyzed Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis   DAGOBERTO GILB • Love in L.A.  ELIZABETH TALLENT • No One’s a Mystery   JUNOT DIAZ  •  How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie  T. CORAGHESSAN BOYLE • Greasy Lake MARY ANNE HOOD  •  How Far She Went     5:  The Pleasures of Reading, Writing and Thinking about Literature   The Pleasures of Literature  ALLEN WOODMAN • Wallet   The Pleasures of Analyzing the Texts that Surround Us   The Pleasures of Authoring Texts    The Pleasures of Interacting with Texts    Interacting with Fiction: Literature as Connection    JAMAICA KINCAID • Girl   Sample Student Personal Response Essay: “The Narrator in Jamaica Kincaid’s ‘Girl’: Questioning the Power of Voice”  Interacting with Graphic Fiction: Literature as (Making and Breaking) Rules     LYNDA BARRY • Before You Write   Interacting with Poetry: Literature as Language  JULIA BIRD • 14: a txt msg pom.   Interacting with Drama: Literature as Performance  OSCAR WILDE• excerpt from The Importance of Being Ernest   Interacting with Essays: Literature as Discovery  ANNA LISA RAYA • It’s Hard Enough Being Me     Your Turn:  Additional Stories, Poems, Plays and Essays for Pleasurable Analysis   Poems ALBERTO RIOS  •  Nani  JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA  •  Green Chili  HELEN CHASIN  •  The Word Plum  WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS • This Is Just to Say  GARY SOTO •  Oranges  SARAH N. CLEGHORN • The Golf Links   STEVIE SMITH  •  Not Waving but Drowning  Stories MARGARET ATWOOD •  Happy Endings  AMBROSE BIERCE • An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Play MICHAEL GOLAMCO  • The Heartbreaker  Essay GEORGE SAUNDERS Commencement Speech on Kindness      II: WRITING ARGUMENTS ABOUT LITERATURE  6  Close Reading: Paraphrase, Summary, and    Explication   What Is Literature?   Literature and Form   Form and Meaning   ROBERT FROST • The Span of Life   Close Reading: Reading in Slow Motion   Exploring a Poem and Its Meaning LANGSTON HUGHES • Harlem   Paraphrase Sample Student Work: Paraphrase  Summary  Sample Student Work: Summary  Explication   Working Toward an Explication Sample Student Work: Annotation Sample Student Work: Journal Entries Sample Student Work: Listing Sample Student Explication Essay: “Langston Hughes’s ‘Harlem’”   Explication as Argument   CATHY SONG • Stamp Collecting Sample Student Argumentative Explication Essay: “Giving Stamps Personality in ‘Stamp Collecting’” Checklist: Drafting an Explication   Your Turn:  Additional Poems for Explication   WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  •  Sonnet 73 JOHN DONNE • Holy Sonnet XIV EMILY BRONT⊄ • Spellbound   LI-YOUNG LEE • I Ask My Mother to Sing   RANDALL JARRELL • The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner      7 Analysis: Inquiry, Interpretation and Argument   Analysis   Understanding Analysis as a Process of Inquiry, Interpretation, Argument Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon   The Judgment of Solomon   Developing an Analysis of the Story   Opening Up Additional Ways to Analyze the Story   Analyzing a Story from the New Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son   The Parable of the Prodigal Son   Asking Questions that Trigger an Analysis of the Story  From Inquiry to Interpretation to Argument: Developing an Analytical Paper   ERNEST HEMINGWAY • Cat in the Rain Close Reading Sample Student Work: Annotations Inquiry Questions     Sample Student Work: Inquiry Notes Interpretation Brainstorming Sample Student Work: Journal Writing   The Argument-Centered Paper     Sample Student Argument Paper: “Hemingway’s American Wife”    From Inquiry to an Analytical Paper: A Second Example     Sample Student Work: Inquiry Notes Sample Student Work: Journal Writing JAMES JOYCE • Araby Sample Student Analytical Essay: “‘Araby’s’ Everyday and Imagined Setting” From Inquiry to Interpretation to Argument: Maintaining an Interpretation in an Analytical Paper  APHRA BEHN • Song: Love Armed      Maintaining Interpretive Interest Sample Student Work: Inquiry Notes     Sample Student Work: Journal Writing Sample Student Essay: “The Double Nature of Love” Checklist: Editing a Draft     Your Turn:  Additional Short Stories and Poems for Analysis   EDGAR ALLAN POE • The Cask of Amontillado   LESLIE MARMON SILKO • The Man to Send Rain Clouds   BILLY COLLINS  •  Introduction to Poetry ROBERT FROST • The Road Not Taken   JOHN KEATS  •  Ode on a Grecian Urn MARTIN ESPADA  •  Bully    8  Pushing Analysis Further: Re-Interpreting and Revision Interpretation and Meaning   Is the Author’s Intention a Guide to Meaning?   What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation?   Interpreting Pat Mora’s “Immigrants”   PAT MORA • Immigrants   Checklist: Writing an Interpretation   Strategy #1: Pushing Analysis by Rethinking First Responses JEFFREY WHITMORE • Bedtime Story   Sample Student Work: Response Writing Revisited DOUGLAS L. HASKINS • Hide and Seek  Sample Student Work: Response Writing Revisited MARK PLANTS • Equal Rites   Sample Student Work: Response Writing Revisited Strategy #2: Pushing Analysis by Exploring Literary Form LANGSTON HUGHES • Mother to Son Sample Student Work: Annotation Exploring Form    Sample Student Work: Inquiry Notes Exploring Form   Sample Student Analytical Essay: “Accepting the Challenge of a Difficult Climb in Langston Hughes’ ‘Mother to Son’” Strategy #3: Pushing Analysis by Emphasizing Concepts and Insights   ROBERT FROST • Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening   Sample Student Analytical Essay: “Stopping by Woods—and Going On”   Analyzing the Analytical Essay’s Development of a Conceptual Interpretation Sample Student Analytical Essay: “ ‘Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’ as a Short Story”   Strategy #4: Pushing Analysis Through Revision Revising for Ideas vs. Mechanics Revising Using Instructor Feedback, Peer Feedback, and Self-Critique Examining a Preliminary Draft with Revision in Mind HA JIN •  Saboteur Sample Student Preliminary Draft of an Analytical Essay: “Individual and Social Morals in Ha     Jin’s ‘Saboteur’”    Developing a Revision Strategy: Thesis, Ideas, Evidence, Organization, Correctness Sample Student Final Draft of an Analytical Essay: “Individual and Social Morals in Ha     Jin’s ‘Saboteur’”   Your Turn: Additional Poems and Stories for Interpretation   T. S. ELIOT • The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock   JOHN KEATS • Ode on a Grecian Urn   THOMAS HARDY  •  The Man He Killed ANNE BRADSTREET • Before the Birth of One of Her Children CHRISTINA ROSSETTI • After Death FRED CHAPELLE •  Narcissus and Echo JOYCE CAROL OATES • Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?   RAYMOND CARVER • Cathedral        9   Comparison and Synthesis   Comparison and Critical Thinking Organizing a Comparison Paper Comparison and Close Reading Comparison and Asking Questions Comparison and Analyzing Evidence   Sample Student Work: Comparison Arguments Comparison and Arguing with Yourself E. E. CUMMINGS • Buffalo Bill ’s     Checklist: Developing a Comparison Synthesis Through Close Reading: Analyzing a Revised Short Story RAYMOND CARVER • Mine   RAYMOND CARVER • Little Things     Sample Student Writing: Innovative Listing Synthesis Through Building a Concept Bridge: Connecting Two Poems THYLIAS MOSS • Tornadoes KWAME DAWES • Tornado Child Sample Student Writing: Innovative Response Writing Synthesis Using Theme SANDRA CISNEROS •  Barbie-Q MARYANNE O’HARA •Diverging Paths and All That JAYNE ANNE PHILLIPS •  Sweethearts Sample Student Writing:  Innovative Mapping Synthesis Using Form WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • Sonnet 18:Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? HOWARD MOSS • Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day Sample Student Comparison Essay: “A Comic Re-Writing of a Shakespeare Sonnet” Checklist: Revising a Comparison    Your Turn:  Additional Poems and Stories for Comparison and Synthesis Poetry “Carpe diem” poems ROBERT HERRICK • To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time   CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE • The Passionate Shepherd to His Love   SIR WALTER RALEIGH • The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd   ANDREW MARVELL • To His Coy Mistress   JOHN DONNE • The Bait     “blackberry” poems GALWAY KINELL •Blackberry Eating SYLVIA PLATH • Blackberrying SEAMUS HEANEY •Blackeberry-Picking YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA •Blackberries   “America” poems WALT WHITMAN • I Hear America Singing LANGSTON HUGHES •  I, Too [Sing America]   Stories Stories about reading and writing JULIO CORTAZAR •  Continuity of Parks A.M. HOMES • Things You Should Know   Stories about grandmothers LAN SAMANTHA CHANG •  Water Names KATHERINE ANNE PORTER • The Jilting of Granny Weatherall      10:  Research: Writing with Sources Creating a Research Plan   Enter Research with a Plan of Action   What Does Your Own Institution Offer?   Plan the Type of Research You Want to Do Selecting a Research Topic and Generating Research Questions   Use Close Reading as Your Starting Point   Select Your Topic   Skim Resources Through Preliminary Research   Narrow Your Topic and Form a Working Thesis   Sample Student Work: Digital Research Folder Assignment and Research Plan Notes   Sample Student Work: Digital Research Folder “Working Thesis” Notes   Generate Key Concepts as Keywords   Create Inquiry Questions   Sample Student Work: Digital Research Folder “Research Keywords” and “Inquiry Questions” Notes Locating Materials Through Productive Searches Generate Meaningful Keywords Checklist:  Creating Meaningful Keywords for a Successful Search Using Academic Databases to Locate Materials   Search Full-Text Academic Databases   Search the MLA Database   Perform Advanced Keyword Searches Sample Student Work: Searching the Academic Database Using the Library Catalog to Locate Materials   Locate Books and Additional Resources   Sample Student Work: Searching the Library Catalog Using the Internet to Perform Meaningful Research  Sample Student Work: Searching the Internet Evaluating Sources for Academic Quality  Checklist: Evaluating Web Sites for Quality   Sample Student Work: Evaluating Sources for Academic Quality Evaluate Sources for Topic “Fit”   Checklist: Evaluating Sources for Topic “Fit”   Sample Student Work: Evaluating Sources for Topic “Fit” Taking Notes on Secondary Sources   A Guide to Note-Taking   Sample Student Work: Annotation of Research Sources   Sample Student Work: Digital Research Folder Critical Thinking Notes Drafting the Paper Focus on Primary Sources Integrate Secondary Sources   Create a Relationship Between Your Writing and the Source Surround the Source with Your Writing Agree with a Source in Order to Develop Your Ideas Sample Student Work: Source Integration Avoiding Plagiarism   Sample Student Research Essay: “Dickinson’s Representation of Changing Seasons and Changing Emotions”  III: ANALYZING LITERARY FORMS AND ELEMENTS    11: Reading and Writing about Essays Types of Essays   Elements of Essays The Essayist’s Persona   Voice   Tone   Topic and Thesis   BRENT STAPLES • Black Men and Public Space Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays   Student Writing Portfolio (summary paper): Brent Staples “Black Men and Public Space” Your Turn: Additional Essays for Analysis   LANGSTON HUGHES • Salvation   LAURA VANDERKAM • Hookups Starve the Soul   STEVEN DOLOFF • The Opposite Sex   GRETEL EHRLICH • About Men      12: Reading and Writing about Stories Stories True and False   GRACE PALEY • Samuel   Elements of Fiction   Character   Plot Foreshadowing   Setting and Atmosphere   Symbolism   Narrative Point of View   Style and Point of View   Theme   WILLIAM FAULKNER • A Rose for Emily   Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Stories   Student Writing Portfolio (analysis paper):  William Faulkner “A Rose for Emily”     Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis   KATHERINE MANSFIELD   •  Miss Brill TIM O’BRIEN • The Things They Carried   Gabriel García Márquez • A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children   An Author In Depth:  Flannery O’Connor FLANNERY O’CONNOR • A Good Man Is Hard to Find   Remarks from Essays and Letters   From “The Fiction Writer and His Country”   From “Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction”   From “The Nature and Aim of Fiction”   From “Writing Short Stories”   On Interpreting “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”     “A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable”        13: Reading and Writing about Graphic Fiction    Letters and Pictures, Words and Images GRANT WOOD • Death on the Ridge Road   Reading an Image: A Short Story Told in One Panel   TONY CARRILLO • F Minus   Elements of Graphic Fiction   Visual Elements   Narrative and Graphic Jumps   Graphic Style Reading a Series of Images: A Story Told in Sequential Panels   ART SPIEGELMAN • Nature vs. Nurture   Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Graphic Fiction Your Turn: Additional Graphic Fiction for Analysis WILL EISNER • Hamlet on a Rooftop   An Example of a Graphic Adaptation R. CRUMB and DAVID ZANE MAIROWITZ • A Hunger Artist      14:  Reading and Writing about Plays   Types of Plays   Tragedy   Comedy   Elements of Drama   Theme   Plot   Gestures   Setting   Characterization and Motivation   Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Plays   Thinking about a Filmed Version of a Play   Getting Ready to Write about a Filmed Play Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play   Student Writing Portfolio (comparison paper): Susan Glaspell “Trifles” and “A Jury of Her Peers” Susan Glaspell • Trifles   Susan Glaspell • A Jury of Her Peers (short story version of play)     Your Turn: Additional Plays for Analysis A Modern Comedy   DAVID IVES • Sure Thing   A Note on Greek Tragedy Sophocles • Antigone   An Author In Depth:  WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE A Note on the Elizabethan Theater   A Note on Hamlet on the Stage   A Note on the Text of Hamlet   WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark   ANNE BARTON • The Promulgation of Confusion   STANLEY WELLS • On the First Soliloquy   ELAINE SHOWALTER • Representing Ophelia   BERNICE W. KLIMAN • The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production   WILL SARETTA • Branagh’s Film of Hamlet      15: Reading and Writing about Poems Elements of Poetry   The Speaker and the Poet   EMILY DICKINSON • I’m Nobody! Who are you?   EMILY DICKINSON • Wild Nights—Wild Nights   The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone     WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • Sonnet 146     Figurative Language   WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • Sonnet 130   Imagery and Symbolism   EDMUND WALLER • Song (Go, lovely rose)   WILLIAM BLAKE • The Sick Rose     Verbal Irony and Paradox   Structure Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference   Meter   Patterns of Sound   Stanzaic Patterns   BILLY COLLINS • Sonnet Blank Verse and Free Verse     Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Poems Student Writing Portfolio (explication paper): Gwendolyn Brooks “kitchenette building” GWENDOLYN BROOKS  •  kitchenette building   Your Turn: Additional Poems for Analysis ROBERT BROWNING • My Last Duchess   E. E. CUMMINGS • anyone lived in a pretty how town   SYLVIA PLATH • Daddy   GWENDOLYN BROOKS • We Real Cool   ETHERIDGE KNIGHT • For Malcolm, a Year After   ANNE SEXTON • Her Kind   JAMES WRIGHT • Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota   An Author in Depth: Robert Frost   Robert Frost on Poetry: The Figure a Poem Makes ROBERT FROST • The Pasture   ROBERT FROST • Mowing   ROBERT FROST • The Wood-Pile   ROBERT FROST • The Oven Bird   ROBERT FROST • The Need of Being Versed in Country Things   ROBERT FROST • The Most of It   ROBERT FROST • Design   PART IV: ENJOYING LITERARY THEMES: A THEMATIC ANTHOLOGY    16: The World around Us    Essays   HENRY DAVID THOREAU   •   From Walden BILL McKIBBEN • Now or Never   Stories   AESOP • The Ant and the Grasshopper   AESOP • The North Wind and the Sun   JACK LONDON • To Build a Fire   SARAH ORNE JEWETT • A White Heron   PATRICIA GRACE • Butterflies   Poems   MATTHEW ARNOLD • In Harmony with Nature  THOMAS HARDY • Transformations  GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS • God’s Grandeur   WALT WHITMAN • A Noiseless Patient Spider   EMILY DICKINSON • A Narrow Fellow in the Grass   EMILY DICKINSON • There’s a certain Slant of light EMILY DICKINSON  • The name—of it—is “Autumn” JOY HARJO • Vision   MARY OLIVER • The Black Walnut Tree   KAY RYAN • Turtle   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward         17:  Technology and Human Identity Essay NICHOLAS CARR •  Is Google Making Us Stupid?   Stories KURT VONNEGUT JR. • Harrison Bergeron   AMY STERLING CASIL • Perfect Stranger   MARK TWAIN • A Telephonic Conversation DOROTHY PARKER  • A Telephone Call MARIA SEMPLE • Dear Mountain Room Parents ROBIN HEMLEY  •  Reply All JOHN CHEEVER  •  The Enormous Radio RAY BRADBURY  •  The Veldt STEPHEN KING  •  Word Processor of the Gods KIT REED  •  The New You Poems   WALT WHITMAN • To a Locomotive in Winter (from Leaves of Grass)   EMILY DICKINSON  •  I Like to see it lap the Miles   LISEL MUELLER • The End of Science Fiction   DANIEL NYIKOS • Potato Soup   A. E. STALLINGS • Sestina: Like   PHILIP NIKOLAYEV • Dodging 1985   MARCUS WICKER • Ode to Browsing the Web Play LUIS VALDEZ • Los Vendidos   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward      18:  Love and Hate, Men and Women Essay   JUDITH ORTIZ COFER • I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened   Stories   ZORA NEALE HURSTON • Sweat   JHUMPA LAHIRI, This Blessed House Poems   ANONYMOUS • Western Wind   WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • Sonnet 116 (Let me not to the marriage of true minds)   JOHN DONNE • A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning   EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY • Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink   ROBERT BROWNING, Porphyria’s Lover NIKKI GIOVANNI • Love in Place   ANONYMOUS  •  Higamus, Hogamus DOROTHY PARKER • General Review of the Sex Situation   FRANK O’HARA • Homosexuality   MARGE PIERCY • Barbie Doll   Play   TERRENCE McNALLY • Andre’s Mother   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward      19: Innocence and Experience      Essay   GEORGE ORWELL • Shooting an Elephant   Stories   HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN • The Emperor’s New Clothes   CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN • The Yellow Wallpaper   JOHN STEINBECK • The Chrysanthemums   ALICE WALKER • Everyday Use     Poems   WILLIAM BLAKE • Infant Joy   WILLIAM BLAKE • Infant Sorrow   WILLIAM BLAKE • The Echoing Green   WILLIAM BLAKE • The Lamb   WILLIAM BLAKE • The Tyger   THOMAS HARDY, The Ruined Maid E. E. CUMMINGS • in Just-   LOUISE GLÜCK • The School Children   LINDA PASTAN • Ethics   THEODORE ROETHKE • My Papa’s Waltz   SHARON OLDS • Rites of Passage   NATASHA TRETHEWEY   •  White Lies      20: All in a Day’s Work Essay   Barbara Ehrenreich • Wal-Mart Orientation Program   Stories   Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm • Mother Holle   WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS • The Use of Force   Will Eisner • The Day I Became a Professional   Daniel Orozco • Orientation   Lorrie Moore • How to Become a Writer  Poems   William Wordsworth • The Solitary Reaper  Carl Sandburg • Chicago   Gary Snyder • Hay for the Horses   Robert Hayden • Those Winter Sundays   Seamus Heaney • Digging   JULIA ALVAREZ • Woman’s Work   Marge Piercy • To be of use   JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA • So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans   Plays   Jane Martin • Rodeo   Arthur Miller • Death of a Salesman   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward      21: American Dreams and Nightmares     Essays   CHIEF SEATTLE • My People  ELIZABETH CADY STANTON • Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions   ABRAHAM LINCOLN • Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery   STUDS TERKEL • Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Dream   ANDREW LAM • Who Will Light Incense When Mother’s Gone?   Stories   SHERMAN ALEXIE • The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven   RALPH ELLISON • Battle Royal   TONI CADE BAMBARA • The Lesson  AMY TAN • Two Kinds  Poems   ROBERT HAYDEN • Frederick Douglass   LORNA DEE CERVANTES • Refugee Ship   EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON • Richard Cory   W. H. AUDEN • The Unknown Citizen   EMMA LAZARUS • The New Colossus   THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH • The Unguarded Gates  JOSEPH BRUCHAC III • Ellis Island   AURORA LEVINS MORALES • Child of the Americas   GLORIA ANZALDÚA • To Live in the Borderlands Means You   MITSUYE YAMADA • To the Lady  NILA NORTHSUN • Moving Camp Too Far   YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA • Facing It   BILLY COLLINS • The Names   Play LORRAINE HANSBERRY • A Raisin in the Sun   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward      22: Law and Disorder    Essay  MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. •  Letter from Birmingham Jail   Stories   ELIZABETH BISHOP • The Hanging of the Mouse   URSULA K. LE GUIN • The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas  SHIRLEY JACKSON • The Lottery   WILLIAM FAULKNER • Barn Burning   TOBIAS WOLFF • Powder   Poems   ANONYMOUS • Birmingham Jail   A. E. HOUSMAN • The Carpenter’s Son   A. E. HOUSMAN • Oh who is that young sinner   DOROTHY PARKER • Résumé   CLAUDE McKAY • If We Must Die   JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA • Cloudy Day   CAROLYN FORCHÉ • The Colonel   HAKI MADHUBUTI, The B Network JILL McDONOUGH, Three a.m. Plays   BILLY GODA • No Crime   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward     23:  Journeys    Essays   JOAN DIDION • On Going Home   MONTESQUIEU • Persian Letters   Stories   NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE • Young Goodman Brown   EUDORA WELTY • A Worn Path   AMY HEMPEL • Today Will Be a Quiet Day   JAMES JOYCE • Eveline  Poems   JOHN KEATS • On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer  PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY • Ozymandias   ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON • Ulysses   COUNTEE CULLEN •  Incident   WILLIAM STAFFORD • Traveling through the Dark   DEREK WALCOTT • A Far Cry from Africa   SHERMAN ALEXIE • On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City   WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS • Sailing to Byzantium   CHRISTINA ROSSETTI • Uphill   A Note on Spirituals  Anonymous • Swing Low, Sweet Chariot   Anonymous • Didn’t My Lord Deliver Daniel   Play HENRIK IBSEN • A Doll’s House   Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward     APPENDIX A: Writing about Literature: An Overview of Critical Strategies