Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity, Second Edition, brings together everything that is currently known about nutraceuticals and their potential toxic effects. The book introduces readers to nutraceuticals, herbal medicines, Ayurvedic medicines, prebiotics, probiotics, adaptogens, and their uses and specific applications. This essential reference discusses the mechanism of action for the judicious use of these nutraceuticals and the best tools for their evaluation before detailing the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals and interactions with other therapeutic drugs. Finally, and crucially, regulatory aspects from around the world are covered. Completely revised and updated, this updated edition provides toxicologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical scientists, and those interested in medicinal plants and natural products with a comprehensive overview of the most effective tools upon which to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics and alternative medicines.

Table of Contents:
Section I. Applications of nutraceuticals in common diseases and disorders 1. Nutraceuticals in central nervous system diseases: potential mechanisms of neuroprotection 2. Prevention of neurodegenerative disorders by nutraceuticals 3. Cognitive effects of nutraceuticals 4. Nutraceuticals in anxiety and stress 5. Countering cardiovascular diseases with nutraceuticals 6. Nutraceuticals for diabetes and glucose balance 7. Role of nutraceuticals in respiratory and allied diseases 8. Nutraceuticals in hepatic diseases 9. Nutraceuticals in renal diseases 10. Nutraceuticals in gastrointestinal disorders 11. Nutraceuticals in reproductive and developmental disorders 12. Nutraceuticals in ophthalmic diseases 13. Nutraceuticals in dermal diseases 14. Nutraceuticals in arthritis 15. Nutraceuticals in sports activities and fatigue 16. Role of nutraceuticals as adaptogens 17. Nutraceuticals for weight loss 18. Nutraceuticals in cancer prevention 19. Application of “nano” nutraceuticals in medicine Section II. Models and mechanisms in evaluation of nutraceuticals 20. The biology of nutrients: genetic and molecular principles 21. Genomic and proteomic mechanisms and models in toxicity and safety evaluation of nutraceuticals 22. Transcriptomic profiling for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals 23. Target identification and polypharmacology of nutraceuticals 24. Systems pharmacology investigation of mechanism of action of nutraceuticals 25. Noninvasive in vivo optical imaging models for safety and toxicity testing 26. Flow cytometry and light-scattering techniques in evaluation of nutraceuticals 27. Zebrafish as a model system to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals 28. Caenorhabditis elegans: an elegant model organism for evaluating the neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic potential of nutraceuticals 29. Alternative in vitro models for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals 30. Mitochondria as a target for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals 31. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity: antioxidants from nutraceuticals Section III. Common nutraceuticals 32. Caffeine: an evaluation of the safety database 33. Biological activities and potential nanotechnological delivery of resveratrol 34. Melatonin: a safe nutraceutical and clinical agent 35. Standardized turmeric and curcumin 36. Curcuminoid-metal complexes for oxidative stress 37. Fenugreek: multiple health benefits 38. Cannabis sativa: an overview 39. Cannabidiol safety 40. St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L) 41. Green tea 42. Green coffee beans 43. Quercetin 44. German chamomile 45. Isoflavones: toxicological aspects and efficacy  46. Propolis 47. Bee products as nutraceuticals to nutraceuticals for bees 48. Ginkgo biloba 49. Chinese ginseng 50. Ashwagandha: multiple health benefits 51. Astaxanthin: health benefits and toxicity 52. Thymoquinone 53. Glucosinolates 54. Organosulfur compounds as nutraceuticals 55. Arginine and citrulline as nutraceuticals: efficacy and safety in diseases 56. Neem Extract 57. Spirulina 58. Garcinia cambogia 59. Vitamin E TPGS and its applications in nutraceuticals 60. Role of transferrin: an iron-binding protein in health and diseases 61. Glutamine supplementation: hope, hype, or stay tuned? 62. What to do with placenta after birth: is it a waste? 63. Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives Section IV. Prebiotics and probiotics 64. Prebiotics: safety and toxicity considerations 65. Probiotics: safety and toxicity considerations 66. Synbiotics: safety and toxicity considerations Section V. Nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine 67. Nutraceuticals in animal health and diseases Section VI. Toxicity and toxic interactions 68. Toxic contamination of nutraceuticals and food ingredients 69. Nutraceuticals and adverse outcome pathways 70. Interactions between nutraceuticals/nutrients and nutrients and therapeutic drugs 71. Genotoxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals Section VII. Regulatory aspects 72. The regulatory framework for nutraceuticals: North America 73. Evaluation and regulation of food supplements: European perspective 74. Regulatory guidelines for nutraceuticals in India: an overview 75. Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Chinese perspective 76. Uses and regulation of nutraceuticals: Australia and New Zealand 77. Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Japanese perspective 78. Nutraceuticals: the Turkish perspective