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Table of Contents:
Contents Alternate Table of Contents 00 Preface 000 Part 1 Engaging with Argument  1 1 A PERSPECTIVE ON ARGUMENT 0 What Is Your Current Perspective on Argument? 0 A Definition of Argument 0 Recognizing Traditional and Consensual Argument 0 Recognizing Visual Argument 0 Under What Conditions Does Argument Work Best? 00 Under What Conditions Does Argument Fail? 00 Distinguishing Between Ethical and Unethical Argument 00 Recognizing Argument in the 21st Century 00 Engaging with Issues 00 How Should You Engage with Issues? 00 Review Questions  00 Exercises and Activities 00 Essays for Analysis Felix Carroll / No Escape from ’Helicopter Parents’ 00 Abby Ellin / The Laptop Ate My Attention Span 00 Prisna Virasin / The Barbie Controversy 00 Image for Analysis Image 1: Waterfront Living 00 2 THE RHETORICAL SITUATION: UNDERSTANDING AUDIENCE AND CONTEXT 00 Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You Read an Argument 00 Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You View a Visual Argument 00 Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You Encounter an Argument Online 00 Use the Rhetorical Situation When You Write an Argument 00 Conducting an Audience Analysis 00 Review Questions 00 Exercises and Activities 00 Essays for Analysis Chris Piper / “A” Is for “Absent” 00 Will Harrel / “A Defense of Grade Deflation” 00 The Library of Congress / The Civil Rights Era 00 Images for Analysis Image 1: Rosa Parks Rides in the Front of the Bus 00 Image 2: Auschwitz Victims of Medical Experiments 00 3 READING, THINKING, AND WRITING ABOUT ISSUES 00 Getting Started on a Writing Assignment 00 Read to Develop Arguments for Your Paper 00 Take Notes and Avoid Plagiarism 00 Write Your Paper, Read It, Think about It, and Revise It 00 Practice Your Process by Writing These Papers 00 Submit Your Paper for Peer Review 00 Expressing Multiple Perspectives through Visual Argument 00 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Scientific American / As Spy Drones Come to the US, We Must Protect Our Privacy 00 Gina Kolata / PSST! Ask for Donor 1913 000 Randy Cohen / When Texting Is Wrong 000 Prisna Virasin / The Controvery behind Barbie 000 Congressional Research Service / Flag Protection: A Brief History of  Recent Supreme Court Decisions 000 Images for Analysis: Walling Off Your Enemies: The Long View Image 1: The Chinese Perspective 000 Image 2: The German Perspective 000 Image 3: The Israeli Perspective 000 Image 4: The Iraqi Perspective 000 Part 2 Understanding the Nature of Argument  113 4 THE ESSENTIAL PARTS OF AN ARGUMENT: THE TOULMIN MODEL 000 The Outcomes of Argument: Probability versus Certainty 000 The Parts of an Argument according to the Toulmin Model 000 Value of the Toulmin Model for Reading, Writing, and Viewing Argument 000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Frank DeFord / Bust the Amateur Myth 000 Mohamed T. Diaby Jr. / Toulmin   Analysis of the “Price of Oranges” Cartoon 000 Richard D. Rieke and Malcolm O. Sillars / American Value Systems 000 Images for Analysis Image 1: Sense of Community, Advertisement 000 Image 2: “The Price of Oranges” Cartoon 000 5 TYPES OF CLAIMS 000 Five Types of Claims 000 Value of the Claim Types and the Claim Questions for Reading, Viewing, and Writing Argument 000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Stephen J. Handel / 2-Year Students Have Long Had 4-Year Dreams 000 Mark Levinson / Mismeasuring Poverty 000 Jeffrey Young / High Tech Cheating Abounds, and Professors   are Partly to Blame 000 A. K. Simon / Reality TV: More than Just a Guilty Pleasure 000 Rebecca Cho / Is Bottled Water a Moral Issue? 000 Barry Schwartz / When It’s All Too Much 172 Images for Analysis Image 1: War Casualties 000 Image 2: U.S. Border Patrol 000 Image 3: The Rhone Glacier 000 Image 4: Go Paperless 000 Image 5: Corn Power 000 6 TYPES OF PROOF 000 The Traditional Categories of Proof  000 Types of Logical Proof: Logos  000 Proof That Builds Credibility: Ethos  000 Types of Emotional Proof: Pathos  000 Logos, Ethos, and Pathos Communicated through Language and Style  000 Value of the Proofs for Reading, Viewing, and Writing Argument  000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Careen Shannon / Stop Calling People “Aliens” 208 Government Accountability Office /  ”Poverty in America: Consequences for Individuals and the Economy” 212 Thomas Jefferson / The Declaration of Independence 000 Images for Analysis Image 1: Mothers Against Drunk Driving 000 Image 2: Poor Tenements in Holyoke, Massachusetts 000 Image 3: Little Girl on Bed in Rundown Bedroom 000 7 THE FALLACIES AND ETHICAL ARGUMENT 000 Fallacies in Logic 000 Fallacies That Affect Character or Ethos 000 Emotional Fallacies 000 Ethics and Morality in Argument 000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Hannah Sternberg / Conservative Feminism Is Not an Oxymoron 000 Kelly Dickerson /  Minor Problems? 238 Images for Analysis Image 1: A Shower Gels Ad 000 Image 2: 1930s Drunk Driving Poster 000 Image 3: An Ad for a Blog 000 Essay with Images for Analysis Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, November 19, 1863 /   The Gettysburg Address 000 Image 1: President Lincoln Among the Crowd at Gettysburg 000 Image 2: The Soldier’s National Monument that Stands in the Center of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 000 8 VISUAL ARGUMENT 000 Recognizing Visual Argument  000 Why Visual Argument Is Convincing: Eight Special Features  000 Using Argument Theory to Critique Visual Argument  000 Bias in Visual Argument  000 Sample Analysis of a Visual Argument  000 Add Visual Argument to Support Written Argument  000 Create Visual Arguments That Stand Alone  000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Images for Analysis Image 1: West Bank Barrier 000 Image 2: Immigrant Rights 000 Image 3: Coming Home to a Destroyed Neighborhood 000 Image 4: LeBron James 000 Image 5: At Home Outdoors 000 Image 1: Adam and God 000 Image 2: Play Ball 000 Image 3: Robot with a Grappler 000 Visual Argument Created by Students Student Visual Argument 1: Untitled 000 Student Visual Argument 2: Never Again 000  Analytical Essay on Never Again 000 9 ROGERIAN ARGUMENT AND COMMON GROUND  000 Achieving Common Ground in Rogerian Argument 000 Rogerian Argument as Strategy 000 Writing Rogerian Argument 000 Rogerian Argument in Academic Writing 000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Mike Rose / Heal the Academic-Vocational Schism 000 Angela A. Boatwright /  Human Cloning: Is It a Viable Option? 000 Eric Hartman /  Let Those Who Ride Decide! 000 Elizabeth Nabhan /  Dear Boss 000 Images for Analysis Image 1: Hands across the World 000 Image 2: Bridging the Gap 000 Image 3: Bipartisanship and What It Can Achieve 000 10 REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF ARGUMENT STRATEGIES  000 Reading for the Argument Analysis Paper 000 Writing the Argument Analysis Paper 000 Rhetorical Situation for “A Call to Unity: A Letter from Eight White Clergymen” and “Letter from Birmingham Jail” 000 Focus Topics to Help You Analyze the Letters 000 Essays for Analysis White Clergymen / A Call for Unity:   A Letter from Eight White Clergymen 000 Martin Luther King Jr. / Letter from Birmingham Jail 000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Part III Writing a Researched Argument 000 11 THE RESEARCH PAPER: PLANNING, RESEARCH, AND INVENTION 000 Understanding the Assignment and Getting Started 000 Writing a Claim and Clarifying Your Purpose 000 Some Preliminary Questions to Help You Narrow and Develop Your Claim 000 Developing a Research Plan 000 Understanding the Audience 000 Analyzing Your Class as Your Audience 000 Constructing an Unfamiliar Audience 000 Using Information about Your Audience 000 Get Organized for Research 000 Locating Sources for Research 000 Evaluating Sources 000 Creating a Bibliography 000 Taking and Organizing Your Notes 000 Two Invention Strategies to Help You Think Creatively about Your Research and Expand Your Own Ideas 000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Essays for Analysis Angela Boatwright / Human Cloning: An Annotated Bibliography 000 Image for Analysis Image 1: What’s Wrong with Cloning Humans? 000 12 THE RESEARCH PAPER: USING SOURCES, WRITING, AND REVISING 000 Matching Patterns and Support to Claims  000 Outlining Your Paper and Cross-Reference Your Notes  000 Incorporating Research into Your First Draft  000 Making Revisions and Preparing the Final Copy  000 Present Your Paper Orally to the Class  000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 12: How to Document Sources Using MLA and APA Styles 000 MLA: HOW TO CITE SOURCES IN THE BODY OF THE TEXT 000 MLA: HOW TO CITE SOURCES IN THE WORKS CITED PAGE 000 MLA: STUDENT PAPER IN MLA STYLE 000 PRISNA VIRASIN / The Big Barbie Controversy 000  QUESTIONS ON THE RESEARCHED POSITION PAPER, MLA STYLE 000 APA: HOW TO CITE SOURCES IN THE BODY OF THE TEXT 000 APA: HOW TO CITE SOURCES IN THE REFERENCES PAGE 000 APA: STUDENT PAPER IN APA STYLE 000 DARRELL D. GREER / Alaskan Wolf Management 000  QUESTIONS ON THE RESEARCHED POSITION PAPER, APA STYLE 000 Part IV Further Applications: Argument and Literature 000 13 ARGUMENT AND LITERATURE 000 Finding and Analyzing Arguments in Literature  000 Writing Arguments about Literature  000 Review Questions 000 Exercises and Activities 000 Literature for Analysis 000 Poem / Taylor Mali / Totally Like Whatever, You Know? 000 Poem / Robert Frost / Mending Wall 000 Story / Ursula K. Le Guin / The Ones Who Walk Away   from Omelas 000 SYNTHESIS OF CHAPTERS 1–13: SUMMARY CHARTS 000 • TRACE: The Rhetorical Situation  000 • The Process 000 • The Toulmin Model 000 • Types of Claims 000 • Rogerian Argument 000 • Types of Proof and Tests of Validity 000 • Logical Fallacies 000 Part V The Reader 000 Introduction to “The Reader”: Reading and Writing About Issue Areas 000 Purpose of “The Reader” 000 How to Use “The Reader” 000 Section 1   Families and Personal Relationships  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation 000 A. WHAT IS THE STATUS OF THE TRADITIONAL AMERICAN FAMILY? HOW IS THE FAMILY BEING REDEFINED? 000 Sarah Yoest Pederson / A Family of a Different Feather 000 Lorraine Ali / The Curious Lives of Surrogates 000 Margaret Rock / Till Tech Do Us Part   000 B. WHAT CAUSES PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS TO SUCCEED OR FAIL? 000 Robert Weiss / Unmasking the Neurobiology of Love 000 Christine Hassler / Digital Dating: Desperation or Necessity? 000 Anita Jain / Is Arranged Marriage Really Any Worse Than Craigslist? 000 John Yemma / Millennial Generation: What’s Love Got to Do With It? 000 Questions to Help You Think and Write About Families and   Personal Relationships 000 Section 2  Modern Technology  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation  000 A. HOW ARE ONLINE TECHNOLOGIES CHANGING THE WAY WE LIVE?  000 Nicholas Carr / Is Google Making Us Stupid? 000 Evgeny Morozov / Are Smart Gadgets Making Us Dumb? Scott Steinberg / How Video Games Can Make You Smarter Reading Images: Ways of Reading 000 Matthew Kirschenbaum / How Reading is Being Reimagined 000 B. HOW IS TECHNOLOGY CHANGING OUR DEFINITION OF WHAT IT MEANS TO BE HUMAN? 000 Ray Kurzweil / Our Bodies, Our Technologies 000 Peggy Orenstein / Your Gamete, Myself 000 Kathleen Craig / Making a Living in Second Life 000 Questions to Help You Think and Write About Modern Technology 000 Section 3   Education and Learning  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation  000 A. WHAT ARE THE KEY PROBLEMS CONFRONTING HIGHER EDUCATION?  000 Tressie MacMillan Cottom, “Redefining the ‘Typical’ College Student” (new) Scott Jaschik / Getting Out of Grading 000 Editorial Board, Daily Californian / Making College Affordable   000 Kevin Carey / College Consumerism Run Amok   000 B. WHAT ROLE SHOULD TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN EDUCATION?  000 Zach Miners / Twitter Goes to College 000 Sarah Perez / Social Network Profile Costs Woman  College Degree 000 Mira Jacob / The Great Baby Einstein Scam 000 Kerry Soper / RateMyProfessorsAppearance.com 000 Questions to Help You Think and Write About  Education and School 000 Section 4   Race, Culture, and Identity  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation  000 A. HOW IMPORTANT IS RACE TO AMERICAN IDENTITY?  000 Emma Daly / DNA Test Gives Students Ethnic Shocks 000 READING IMAGES: Racial Role Reversal in William  Shakespeare’s Othello 000 Martin Luther King Jr. / I Have a Dream 000 K. A. Dilday / Go Back to Black 000 B. TO WHAT EXTENT DOES INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY DEPEND ON ETHNIC AFFILIATION?  000 Mychal Denzel Smith / To Be Young and Black in America   000 Dorinne K. Kondo / On Being a Conceptual Anomaly 000 Katie Halper / Digging for Roots at Secular Camp 000 Carlos Lozada / What Makes Me Hispanic  000 Questions to Help You Think and Write About Race,  Culture, and Identity 000 Section 5  The Environment and Sustainability  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation  000 A. HOW CAN WE CREATE A MORE SUSTAINABLE CULTURE OF EATING?  000 Lisa Hamilton / Unconventional Farmers; Let Them Eat Meat 000 James McWilliams / The Green Monster   000 Josh Viertel, The Soul of Slow Food   000 Martha Rosenberg, “Is Animal Treatment on Farms Our Business?   000 B. HOW CAN WE RESOLVE THE ECONOMY VERSUS ENVIRONMENT DEBATE?  000 Ramit Plushnick-Masti / Descendants of Slaves in East Texas Hold Out Against Luminant’s Coal Mining Plans 000 Reading Images: Coal Mining and the Environment 000 Stuart Price / Carving Up the Congo 000 Reading Images: The Rain Forest 000 Brian Wingfield / For Job Market, Green Means Growth 000 Bill Carter / The Hidden Costs of Going Green   000 Reading Images: “Near-Zero Energy Home” Advertisement 000 Questions to Help You Think and Write About Issues   of the Environment and Sustainability 000 Section 6  Immigration  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation  000 A. HOW SHOULD WE RESPOND TO THE GLOBAL PROBLEM OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION?  000 Marc Cooper / Exodus 000 Peter Wilby / The Right to Sell Labor 000 Angela Maria Kelley / The Changing Face of Immigration in America 000 Jake and Calvin Ratana / Dispelling the Myth of the Model Minority   000 B. DO GOOD FENCES MAKE GOOD NEIGHBORS WHEN DEFINING NATIONAL BORDERS?  000 Jonah Goldberg / To Wall or Not to Wall 000 David Aaronovitch / It’s Not Immigrations We Fear, It’s Change 000 Reading Images: What Is American? 000 Miguel Bustillo / Town Against the Wall 000 Section 7   War and Peace  000 The Issues  000 Exploring Online Argument  000 The Rhetorical Situation  000 A. IS WAR INEVITABLE? HOW DOES WAR BECOME INTEGRAL TO SOCIETY?  000 William James / The Moral Equivalent of War 000 Reading Images: War Memorials and Martial Character 000 Margaret Mead / Warfare: An Invention—Not a Biological Necessity  000 Reading Images: Child Soldiers 000 David Goodman / A Few Good Kids? 000 B. HOW DO PEOPLE JUSTIFY WAR?  000 Noah Charles Pierce / Iraq War Poems 000 Frank Deford / Sweetness and Light 000 Haim Watzman / When You Have to Shoot First 000 Credits  000 Subject Index  000 Author-Title Index  000