Materials, as utilized, experience the effect of residual, internal stresses, as these are the outcome of the material synthesis and/or engineering, and/or application in practice. Understanding and control of residual stresses is a prerequisite for successful application of materials in wide ranging areas as corresponding to, e.g. the microelectric industry (thin films) and the automative industry (crankshafts). The present book reports recent advances in experimental techniques for residual stress measurement, in modelling and numerical prediction of residual stresses, and in the investigation of the effects of redisdual stresses on material properties, in particular in practical applications. Covered are general related to the methodology of experimental determination and calculation of residual stresses, as well as specific topics related to surface engineering, fatigue, stress in products and composites. A special selection has been devoted to the introduction of a standard for stress measurement by means of X-ray diffraction.

Table of Contents:
Role of Residual Stress in Engineering Applications Towards Reference Samples for X-Ray Residual Stress Analysis Determination of Alignment Errors in Classical XRD Residual Stress Methods Observations on two Commonly Used Profile Shape Functions Construction of the New Material Science Neutron Diffractometer STRESS-SPEC A Comparison of Neutron and High Energy Synchrotron Radiation as Tools for Texture and Stress Analysis Stress in Thin Layers; Grain Interaction, Elastic Constants and Diffraction Response Determination of Zircaloy -4 Radiocristallographic Elastic Constants from Room Temperature to 300°C Intergranular Strains in Textured Steel Experimental and Numerical Approach of Inter- and Transgranular Stress- and Rotation Heterogeneities in the Plastic Behaviour of a Multicrystal Stress-Orientation Distribution Function (SODF) - Description, Symmetry and Determination Hybrid Experimental/Numerical Technique for Determination of Residual Stresses in Inhomogeneous Cylinders A New Approach to Evaluate Steep Stress Gradients Principally Using Layer Removal Determination of Residual Stress Gradients in Brittle Materials Using an Improved Spline Algorithm Layer Growing/Removing Method for the Determination of Residual Stresses in Thin Inhomogeneous Discs A High Energy Microscope for Local Strain Measurements Within Bulk Materials Micro-Area Residual Stress Measurement Using a Two-Dimensional Detector Neutron Strain Scanning at Interfaces: An Optimised Beam Optics to Reduce the Surface Effect Strain Scanning Using a Neutron Guide Based Diffractometer Analysis for Determining Non-Axisymmetric Residual Stresses Experimental Measurements of Non-Axisymmetric Residual Stresses Plastic Deformation during Application of the Hole-Drilling Method Comparative Analysis of Shot-Peening Residual Stresses Using Hole-Drilling and X-Ray Diffraction Methods Genetic Algorithms for Variable Through Thickness Residual Stress Evaluation Residual Stress Measurement in Cracked Components: Capabilities and Limitations of the Cut Compliance Method In Situ Measurement of Stress during Deposition of Boron Nitride Films X-Ray Stress Tensor Analysis in a Notch with 2 Circles Omega Goniometer Gage R&R Study on Residual Stress Measurement System with Area Detector Residual Stress Measurements with Barkhausen Noise Method in Pipelines and Gas-Turbine Details NQR Spectrometry, a New Tool for the Measurement of Residual Stresses? Phase Transformations and Generation of Heat Treatment Residual Stresses in Metallic Alloys Numerical Simulation of the X-Ray Stress Analysis Technique in Polycrystalline Cubic Materials Effect of Solidification Segregations on Phase Transformation Kinetics and on the Development of Internal Stresses during Cooling of Steels Computer Simulation of Residual Stress Distribution and Microcracking due to Thermal Expansion Anisotropy Stress Analysis of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Materials by Means of X-Ray Diffraction from Fillers - Micromechanical Model and Experimental Results Residual Stress Measurement and Prediction in a Hardened Steel Ring Residual Stresses in an Inconel-718-Clad Tungsten Tube Processed by Hot Iso-static Pressing Cold Compression Residual Stress Reduction in Aluminium Alloy 7010 3D Finite Element Models of Shot Peening Processes X-Ray Intergranular Stresses Analysis in a Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Evolution of Microstresses in Plastically Deformed Duplex Steel Predicting Residual Stresses due to Solidification in Cast Plastics Phenomenological and Microscopical Description of Scattering from Distorted Materials Determination of Macro- and Microstresses in Deformed Materials by Application of the Strain Function Method Thermal Residual Strain in Metallic Samples Subjected to Heating-cooling Cycles: Crystallite Size and Residual Stress Contribution to the X-Ray Profile Broadening Anisotropy of Dislocation Distribution and Long-Range Internal Stresses Distribution of Residual Microstresses in Rolled Textured Metal Materials Single Grain Analysis of Dislocation Density in Cold Rolled IF-Ti Steel with a New High-Resolution Microdiffraction Technique Advanced Fundamental Parameters Model for Improved Profile Analysis Microstructure of Polycrystalline Natural Samples from the Peak Profile Analysis of Diffraction Data A Comparison of Residual Stress Measurements in Steels using the X-Ray and the Neutron Diffraction Techniques Neutron Diffraction Investigation of Low and High Cycle Fatigue Austenite Stainless Steels In Situ Stress Measurements by Neutron Diffraction in α-γ Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys During Deformation In Situ High-Resolution Neutron Diffraction Study of Stress Induced Martensitic Transformations in CuAlZnMn Shape Memory Alloy Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of the Influence of Induction-Hardening and Deep-Rolling on the Residual Stresses in Crankshafts Subsurface Residual Stress Concentrations During Rolling Contact Fatigue Computer Predictions of Thermo-Mechanical Behavior and Residual Stresses during Induction Hardening of Notched Cylinder A New Device for In Situ Residual Stress Measurement during Fatigue Testing Creep Induced Evolution of Internal Stresses and Structure in a Singel Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy Residual Stresses in Roller Straightened Rails Characterisation of Residual Stress Relaxation in Fatigue Loaded Welded Joints by X-Ray Diffraction and Barkhausen Noise Method Recent Developments in Mechanical Surface Optimization Residual Stresses in Polycrystalline Thin Films Stress and Diffusion in Nb-W Bilayers X-Ray Stress Determination in Diamond Hard Coatings Residual Stress States in Coated Cemented Carbides Residual Stress Analysis and Indentation Tests on Graded PVD-Coatings of TI(C,N) on Cold-Working Steel Microstructural Characterization of Laser Hardened Steel Surfaces Combining Case Hardening and Shot Peening for Gear Steels: Influence on Residual Stresses Stability of Residual Stresses in Shot Peened and High Pressure Water Peened Stainless Steels at Elevated Temperatures Residual Stresses in Peened Hiduminium Measuring and Analysis of Residual Stresses After Induction Hardening and Grinding New Experimental Technique for Measuring Deformation of Thin Plates during Laser Surface Remelting Residual Stresses in As-Sprayed and Heat Treated TBCs. Measurements and FEM Calculations Studies of Zirconium Alloy Oxide Layers Using Synchrotron Radiation Stress in Poly-SiC Films Grown by Low Pressure CVD Neutron Diffraction Analysis of the Evolution of Phase Stresses during Plastic Straining of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with a Continuous, Random Planar Network of Fibres The Development of Strain Anisotropy during Plastic Deformation of an Aluminium Polycrystal Study of Residual Stress Distribution by the Combination of three Techniques in an Aluminium Based MMC A Comparative Study of Diffraction Methods for Strain Measurement in a Particulate MMC Study of Phase Stresses in an Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composite Dynamic Response of Residual Stresses due to Rapid Temperature Changes in Kaowool Reinforced AA339 Aluminum Residual Stresses in Interface Controlled Materials by Neutron Diffraction * Strain Measurement of a Ductile Composite Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG) by Neutron Diffraction Modelisation of Strains Measured by X-Ray Diffraction in Composites with Spherical Particles Strain Measurements on Geomaterials by Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffraction Prediction of Macro- and Microstresses in Supersaturated Alloy Layers Before and After Precipitation Treatments Internal Stresses in Aluminium Interconnects X-Ray Diffraction Determination of Residual Stresses in Narrow Copper Interconnects with Submicronic Widths Characterization of the Interface Strain/Stress State in Si-on-Sapphire Heterostructure Curvature Behaviour of Multilayer Specimens of Thermal Barrier Systems Characterisation of Residual Stress and Microstructure in Bioactive Coatings for Titanium Alloy Hip Implants Measured Stress Concentration at a Notch Front in Si3N4 Residual Stresses due to Hard-Machining - Industrial Experiences Neutron Diffraction Measurement of Residual Stresses in AA6082 Quenched Samples Micro- and Macrostress Evolution in a Duplex Stainless Steel during Uniaxial Loading Stress State Prediction Applied to Local Composition Changes Simulation of Stress and Residual Stresses due to Gas Quenching of AISI 52100 Steel Cylinders Influence of Various Quenching Agents on Residual Stresses in Steel After Heat Treatment The Influence of Residual Stresses in a Welded Vessel on the Hydrogen Attack Lifetime The Influence of Residual Stresses on the Mechanical Behaviour of ZrO2/Ni/AISI 316 Diffusion Bonds The Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stresses in a Shape Welded Steel Tube Evaluation of Through Wall Residual Stresses in Stainless Steel Weld Repairs Residual Stresses in Brazed Joints of Cemented Carbide and Steel with Complex Geometry Residual Stress Measurements in Thick Structural Weldments by Means of Neutron Diffraction* Measurement of Residual Stresses in a Multi-Pass Low Alloy Ferritic Steel Weld Using X-Ray Diffraction Evaluation of Residual Stresses Near a Welded Zone by Transmission Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stresses in an AA6082 Shrink-Fit Thermoplastic Junction Residual Stress Field in a Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Extrusion Neutron Diffraction Measurements for the Determination of Residual Stress in Ti6A14V Welded Plates